Anti-Gravity Cone?! – EXPLAINED! What The Physics?! 2019-01-18 | Using a record player, four treadmills, and a beach ball, this video explains how a ball can defy gravity. SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1See a new experiment (previous video) that, for the first time ever, shows how a ball can roll uphill:bit.ly/2TY1FX9** PRODUCTION CREDITS------------------------------------------------------------Host, Producer: Greg KestinFilming: Daniel Thomson, Greg Kestin, Lauren Liebhaber, Yasmeen Ketcherside, Kelsey Tsipis, Tim TreuerResearch, Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidEditing, Animating: Greg KestinEditorial Input: Julia Cort, Ari DanielMedia: Shutterstock Special thanks to Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
Anti-Gravity Cone?! What The Physics?! 2018-12-10 | Einstein thought it impossible: a ball rolling uphill! This new experiment shows, for the first time ever, a ball can actually defy gravity. SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1The next video released will explain how the Anti-Gravity Cone actually works; what force overpowers the force of gravity? ** PRODUCTION CREDITS------------------------------------------------------------Host, Producer: Greg KestinFilming: Daniel Thomson, Greg Kestin, Lauren Liebhaber, Yasmeen Ketcherside, Kelsey Tsipis, Tim TreuerResearch, Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidEditing, Animating: Greg KestinEditorial Input: Julia Cort, Ari DanielMedia: Shutterstock Special thanks to Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
The Coriolis Effect What The Physics?! 2018-10-03 | The Coriolis effect says that anytime you're rotating—whether it's on a playground toy or your home planet—objects moving in straight lines will appear to curve. This bizarre phenomenon affects many things, from the paths of missiles to the formation of hurricanes.You may have heard that the Coriolis effect makes water in the bathtub spiral down the drain in a certain way, or that it determines the way that a toilet flushes. That’s actually wrong.Although, as you may have noticed while tracking a hurricane on the news, storms in the Northern Hemisphere spin counterclockwise, while those in the Southern Hemisphere spin clockwise. Why do storms spin in different directions depending on their location? And why do they spin in the first place? The answer is the Coriolis effect.SUBSCRIBE here: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1** PRODUCTION CREDITS------------------------------------------------------------- Host, Producer: Greg Kestin- Filming: Greg Kestin- Research, Writing: Greg KestinSamia Bouzid- Editing, Animating: Samia BouzidGreg Kestin- Editorial Input: Julia Cort, Ari Daniel- Science consultants: David Holland, Louis Deslauriers, Kerry Emanuel, Daniel Jacob- Media: Shutterstock, NASA, ESA - Special thanks: Harvard Lecture Demonstration Group (Daniel Davis, Allen Crockett, Daniel Rosenberg)- Special thanks: Entire NOVA team- From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation - Funding provided by FQXi - Music provided by APM
Could You Travel to Another Galaxy? What The Physics?! 2018-08-31 | Visiting an outside galaxy—in your lifetime—is possible! The one trick: time dilation.SUBSCRIBE: bit.ly/2o2WYxDDIY Particle Detector: youtu.be/wN_DMMQEhfQPRODUCTION CREDITSHost, Producer: Greg Kestin Research, Writing: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinEditing, Animating: Daniel ThomsonEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
The Deer Illusion – Time Dilation Explained What The Physics?! 2018-08-23 | This illusion tricks your brain into slowing down time. And it can help explain REAL time dilation, thanks to the constant speed of light."How To Travel to Another Galaxy" will be out next week––subscribe so you won't miss it! bit.ly/2o2WYxDPRODUCTION CREDITSHost, Producer: Greg Kestin Filming: Greg KestinResearch, Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidEditing, Animating: Samia Bouzid, Lauren LiebhaberEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
5 of the Biggest Puzzles about the Universe What The Physics?! 2018-08-10 | Test yourself! How well can you solve some of the biggest cosmic puzzles? You get one clue: redshift.SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Filming: Greg Kestin Research, Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia Bouzid Editing, Animating: Daniel Thomson Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari Daniel Science consultant: Susana Deustua Media: Shutterstock, NASA, ESASpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMMusic: APM
How Redshift Revealed the Universe What The Physics?! 2018-08-08 | One small clue revealed the biggest secrets of the universe!SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Filming: Greg KestinResearch, Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidEditing, Animating: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielScience consultant: Susana DeustuaMedia: Shutterstock, NASA, ESASpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
What the Physics?! Trailer What The Physics?! 2018-07-26 | What the Physics?! is about the fun and amazing physics around you, in you, and of you. With host Greg Kestin, theoretical physicist at Harvard University.SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Writing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari Daniel Filming: Greg Kestin Editing: Greg Kestin & Daniel ThomsonSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APM
Physics Is Erasing Your Memory What The Physics?! 2018-07-10 | No memory is safe—whether you store it in your brain, a hard drive, or your diary. Thanks to physics, no memory can last forever.SUBSCRIBE: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Host, Producer: Greg KestinResearch and Writing: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielScience Consultant: Murti Salapaka, Saurav Talukdar, Abu SebastianFilming, Editing, and Animation: Greg KestinFilming, Writing, & Editing Contributions from: Lauren Liebhaber, Daniel ThomsonMedia: Shutterstock, CytoViva (Nanoparticles in water)Brownian Motion Footage courtesy of Sam Snook of Latimer Arts CollegeSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
What Does an Atom Look Like? What The Physics?! 2018-06-12 | You’ve probably seen atoms like this emoji ⚛ everywhere from science textbooks to the logo for The Big Bang Theory. But what does an atom really look like? The truth is much stranger.SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub NOVA Wonders "What's the Universe Made of?" pbs.org/video/nova-wonders-whats-the-universe-made-of-2eyoywMore information on electron orbitals: http://www.mesacc.edu/~kev2077170/supplements/Atoms&orbitals.pdfHost, Producer: Greg KestinResearch and Writing: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielScience Consultant: Or HenFilming, Editing, and Animation: Greg KestinMedia: ShutterstockSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
What Is Dark Energy? What The Physics?! 2018-05-30 | Galaxies have been flying apart faster and faster since the early universe. Astronomers say the culprit is dark energy. But what is dark energy?SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Research, Writing: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming, Editing, and Animation: Greg KestinScience consultant: Steven A. Rodney, Mark TroddenMedia courtesy of ESO, NASASpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APM
Uploading Your Mind Is 100 Percent Fatal What The Physics?! 2018-05-16 | Could you ever make a perfect copy of your brain? Perhaps...but not without a price.SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Research: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin, Peter ChangWriting: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming, Editing, and Animating: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidScientific Consultants: Mark Hillery, Scott AaronsonSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgSilicone heart footage courtesy of ETH ZürichFireball animation courtesy of Videocopilot.net
3 Ways Black Holes Could Break Physics What The Physics?! 2018-05-08 | What if the Earth were swallowed by a black hole? Would humanity’s legacy be gone forever? Or could you somehow get back that information from behind the event horizon? There are three possible answers to this question...but they all break physics as we know it!SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub Learn more in NOVA's two-hour special, "Black Hole Apocalypse": http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.htmlCREDITS: Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Research: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin, and Peter ChangWriting: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari Daniel Filming, Editing, and Animation: Greg Kestin and Samia BouzidScientific Consultants: Joe Polchinski, Netta Engelhardt, Steve GiddingsSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgImages: MEDIODESCOCIDO (Stewie Griffin) and Paul Anderson (Grumpy Cat)
360° Dive into a BLACK HOLE What The Physics?! 2018-04-27 | You just jumped into a black hole! Here's what you'll see as you hurtle toward the event horizon.SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?subLearn more in NOVA's two-hour special, "Black Hole Apocalypse": http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.htmlCREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Samia Bouzid, Peter ChangWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Scientific Consultants: Joe Polchinski, Andrew Hamilton, Netta Engelhardt, Steve Giddings, Ethan Siegel, Janna LevinEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming and Editing: Greg KestinAnimation: Greg Kestin and Francesco CastelnovoSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.org
BLACK HOLE Choose Your Own Adventure What The Physics?! 2018-04-27 | Have you ever wondered what it would be like to fall into a black hole? Take a 360° adventure to find out!SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?subLearn more in NOVA's two-hour special, "Black Hole Apocalypse": http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.htmlCREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Samia Bouzid, Peter ChangWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Scientific Consultants: Joe Polchinski, Andrew Hamilton, Netta Engelhardt, Steve Giddings, Ethan Siegel, Janna LevinEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming and Editing: Greg KestinAnimation: Greg Kestin and Francesco CastelnovoSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgLinks to unlisted videos along this adventure:Push Greg into Black Hole: youtube.com/watch?v=Mpgw0oWLzS8Jump into Black Hole: youtube.com/watch?v=YRPpwUA6nQAQuantum Death: youtube.com/watch?v=SiutiEXlS60Gravity Death: youtube.com/watch?v=QIsRZ0nNYcsGreg Quantum Death: youtube.com/watch?v=hEEtfkclPDwGreg Gravity Death: youtube.com/watch?v=u0VdQTkc-78
5 Unbelievable Facts: FAKE? or PHYSICS? What The Physics?! 2018-04-01 | Test yourself with our April Fools’ Day game: Fake or physics?SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?subLINKS AND DETAILS:More details:#1. Speed of sound: Unlike light, sound needs a medium to travel through, and its speed depends on characteristics of that medium like density and temperature. In the extreme environment of a neutron star’s core, sound can travel extremely fast. But knowing that sound can’t surpass the speed of light, physicists can narrow down their models of neutron stars to include only those where “extremely fast” is less than light speed.For more: http://www.phys.utk.edu/news/archives/2015/speed-of-sound.pdf#2. Invisibility: The invisibility lens pictured in the video was developed at the University of Rochester. For more on how it works: http://www.rochester.edu/newscenter/watch-rochester-cloak-uses-ordinary-lenses-to-hide-objects-across-continuous-range-of-angles-70592/A more recent attempt at invisibility: ft.com/content/c6864c76-de7d-11e7-a0d4-0944c5f49e46 #3. Relativity rainbows: A team at MIT created a game called “A Slower Speed of Light” that lets you see the world as you would at near-light speeds. Their trailer: youtube.com/watch?v=uu7jA8EHi_0#4. Acoustic levitation: A demo from Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations: youtube.com/watch?v=XpNbyfxxkWE#5: Quantum cloning: A video from MinutePhysics on why quantum mechanics doesn’t allow cloning: youtube.com/watch?v=owPC60Ue0BECREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming: Greg KestinEditing: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidMedia: Hubble, NASASpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Ultrasonic Levitation video footage courtesy Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture DemonstrationsUltrasonic Levitation still courtesy of Argonne National LaboratoryMusic provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.org
Stephen Hawking - His Wisdom, Wit, and Work What The Physics?! 2018-03-16 | "The past tells us who we are. Without it, we lose our identity." —Stephen HawkingToday we’re remembering Stephen Hawking, who shone light on the darkest places in the universe.Video about information paradox: youtu.be/jyFAsbBvZ70CreditsHost, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Editorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielBlack Hole Animations: EdgeworxSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.org
Do Parallel Universes Exist? What The Physics?! 2018-03-09 | Could we be living in one of many parallel universes? Find out why some physicists think we might.- Subscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestin*learn more about electron volts here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ElectronvoltHost, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Samia Bouzid, Drew Gannon, Peter ChangWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg Kestin Fish voices: Tiffany Dill, Arlo PerezScientific Consultant: Alan Lightman, Curtis McCullyEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming: Greg KestinAnimation and Editing: Greg Kestin Special thanks: Entire NOVA team From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
What is Dark Matter? A New Clue! What The Physics?! 2018-03-02 | Scientists may have found clues to the nature of dark matter in a signal from the universe’s first stars.- Subscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Here is the research paper: nature.com/articles/nature25792Authors: Judd D. Bowman, Alan E. E. Rogers, Raul A. Monsalve, Thomas J. Mozdzen & Nivedita MaheshThis evidence seems to suggest that the dark matter is particles that are less than four times the mass of a proton and are moving at non-relativistic speeds. This is consistent with dark matter particles being so-called WIMPs: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particles.Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestinCreditsHost, Producer: Greg Kestin Researchers: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidWriters: Greg Kestin, Samia BouzidScientific Consultant: Douglas FinkbeinerEditorial input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielFilming: Greg KestinAnimation and Editing: Greg Kestin Special thanks: Avi Loeb, entire NOVA team Media Courtesy of: NASA, ESO, and CERNDark matter halo footage courtesy of ESO/L. Calçada.From the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational Foundation Funding provided by FQXi Music provided by APM
The Biggest Puzzle in Physics: Quantum 💔 General Relativity What The Physics?! 2018-02-14 | If Quantum and Gravity were in a relationship...worst Valentine’s day in the Universe!Subscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestinCREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg KestinResearcher: Samia BouzidWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinScientific Consultants: Sabine Hossenfelder, Dave GoldbergEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari Daniel, David CondonFilming: Greg Kestin, Peter Chang, Samia BouzidAnimation and Editing: Greg KestinSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APM
Q&A with Greg – Black Holes, Consciousness, My Research, and More! What The Physics?! 2018-02-08 | We did something a little different in this episode and answered questions from you, our viewers. If you have a questions about the universe, past videos, or life as a scientist, leave a comment below!Subscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Three of the answers are related to previous videos:- How to See Quantum with the Naked Eye: youtube.com/watch?v=YiZP6YpnMds - Can We Measure Consciousness? youtube.com/watch?v=laOZjSFdj24 - 3 Things Faster than Light: youtube.com/watch?v=kNqf-FsUMwwImages courtesy of CERN and ATLAS.
How to See Quantum with the Naked Eye What The Physics?! 2018-01-31 | How can you train yourself to be a quantum detector? Quantum interactions happen at impossibly small scales. But the life-size effects are all around you. You can detect quantum mechanics all over — if you know how to look for it. Subscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestinCheck out youtube.com/user/EugeneKhutoryansky, who was kind enough to share his water wave animation with us.ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC NOTE: Quantum mechanics would be much more obvious if we had very sensitive eyes. If your eyes identified each photon individually, you would see them land as described in the video, and only build up to this wave pattern. The pattern that we see can be explained classically by waves, it is *ultimately* a quantum phenomenon. The only reason it's hard to tell is because our light detectors (eyes) aren't quite sensitive enough.CREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg KestinResearcher: Samia BouzidWriters: Samia Bouzid, Greg KestinScientific Consultant: Louis DeslauriersEditorial Input from: Julia Cort, Ari DanielAnimation and Editing: Greg KestinSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APMFootage of bridge and man holding child: VideoblocksSound effects: Freesound.org
Whats Inside a Black Hole? What The Physics?! 2018-01-24 | What's inside a black hole? Here are three awesome theories.Watch "Black Hole Apocalypse" Here: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.htmlSubscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestinHost, Writer, Producer: Greg KestinScientific Consultant: Samir MathurEditorial Input from: Julia CortAnimation: EdgeworxAnimation and Editing: Greg KestinSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.org
Black Hole Star Cake What The Physics?! 2018-01-17 | NOVA has teamed up with Cook's Illustrated to cook up a recipe for stars and black holes – a culinary "course" on how the most mysterious objects in the universe are created.Watch "Black Hole Apocalypse" Here: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.htmlSubscribe: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1Have questions, ask me:twitter @gkestinWriter, Host, Producer: Greg KestinCinematography: Brian Kantor and Ari DanielEditorial Input form: Julia CortEditor in Chief, Cook's Illustrated: Dan SouzaSenior Editor, Cook's Illustrated: Lan LamScientific Consultants: Scott KenyonAnimation: EdgeworxEditing and Animation: Greg KestinSpecial thanks: Entire NOVA and Cook's Illustrated teamsFrom the producers of PBS NOVA © WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APM
Everything You Wanted to Know About BLACK HOLES What The Physics?! 2018-01-10 | Greg talks with astrophysicist Janna Levin, host of NOVA's Black Hole Apocalypse: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/black-hole-apocalypse.html
How Much Does a Thought Weigh? What The Physics?! 2017-12-05 | How Much Does a Thought Weigh? a.) As much as an electron b.) As much as a water molecule c.) As much as a mosquitoSubscribe on YouTube: youtube.com/WhatThePhysics?sub_confirmation=1↓Want more info?↓SCIENTIFIC NOTES:* The relationship between information and energy comes from Landauer's Principle, which connects the erasure of information and energy. But, more generally changes in information (e.g. recording information) are related to changes in energy. I will talk more about this in a future episode about the physics of memory, and why you will forget everything you ever knew! en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle* The numbers calculated in this video give a lower limit on the energy to record a particular amount of information, but to create a more permanent storage of information would require more energy.* Retina display resolution, as it's name implies, is similar to the eye's resolution.CREDITS:Host, Producer: Greg KestinResearcher: Samia BouzidWriter:Samia BouzidGreg KestinAnimation & Compositing: Danielle GustitusGreg KestinContributing Writer: Lissy HermanScientific Consultants:Frank HaistMurti SalapakaFilming, Writing, & Editing Contributions from:Samia BouzidDavid GoodliffeBrian KantorGuest Appearances:Lindsey ChouAna AcevesDrew GannonEditorial Input form:Julia CortAnna RothschildSpecial thanks: Ari DanielAllison EckFernando BecerraGil KaplanEric BrassLauren MillerAnd the entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgNeuron & Digital Brain footage: Pond5
Can We Measure Consciousness? What The Physics?! 2017-11-01 | What makes a brain or machine conscious? Will robots become more conscious than we are? One theory, which can actually calculate consciousness, is beginning to provide some answers.Subscribe: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub_confirmation=1↓Want more info?↓SCIENTIFIC NOTES:* Simulation of animats (simulated beings) from generation to generation, showing increase of phi: http://integratedinformationtheory.org/animats.html* Research paper on Integrated Information Theory 3.0: http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003588* More on medical uses of IIT with EEG: http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/5/198/198ra105.short* More on Behavioral Zombies and Philosophical Zombies: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_zombie#Types_of_zombies* More on the relationship between consciousness and free will: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Integrated_information_theoryCREDITS:Host, Writer, Producer: Greg KestinAnimation & Compositing: Marquee Productions & Greg KestinContributing Writer: Lissy HermanScientific Consultants:Masafumi OizumiLarissa AlbantakisChristof KochFilming, Writing, & Editing Contributions from:Samia Bouzid and David GoodliffeImage Contributions from: Drew GanonEditorial Input form:Julia CortLauren AguirreAnna RothschildSpecial thanks: Ari DanielAllison EckFernando BecerraGil KaplanBella SolanotEric BrassLauren MillerAnd the entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgNeuron & MRI footage: Pond5Additional footage from: Rise of the Robots, find credits athttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/rise-of-the-robots.html
How to Build the Universe What The Physics?! 2017-08-16 | Don't build a universe at home before watching this!SUBSCRIBE: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub↓Want more info?↓Scientific notes:Stellar mass black holes vs. supermassive black holes* Stellar mass black holes form from the collapse of massive stars at the ends of their lives, so they have roughly the same mass as a star. Supermassive black holes are physically identical to their smaller counterparts, except they are 10 thousand to a billion times the size of the sun. However, their formation is more of a mystery. They may form from the merging of smaller black holes. http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/S/Supermassive+Black+HoleSupermassive black holes at the center of galaxies* Almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, but researchers are not yet sure (https://jila.colorado.edu/research/astrophysics/black-holes-galaxies) why that’s the case, how they originate, and what their role is in the creation and evolution of galaxies. Why are stars different colors?* The color of a star depends on its temperature (http://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html). The hotter a star, the higher energy its light will be. Higher energy/temperature corresponds with the blue end of the visible spectrum and lower energy/temperature corresponds with the red end. How does dark matter make stars spin faster?* In the 1960s, astronomers Vera Rubin and Kent Ford noticed that stars at the edges of galaxies were moving just as fast as stars at the center, which surprised them: it appeared that the force of gravity causing stars to orbit the center of the galaxy was not weakening over distance. Their observation implied that something else, distributed throughout the galaxy, was exerting a gravitation pull. We now know that that “something else,” now named dark matter, accounts for about 85% of the matter in the universe. (It existence was inferred in the 1930s, when the astronomer Fritz Zwicky(http://www2.astro.psu.edu/users/rbc/a1/week_10.html) noticed that galaxies in clusters were moving faster than they should.)Size of the universe* The universe is only 13.8 billion years old, but has a radius of about 46 billion light-years. If nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, how can that be? The expansion of the universe, driven by dark energy, is causing distances between objects to grow. Note that it is not moving those objects apart; rather, it is increasing the amount of space between them. phys.org/news/2015-10-big-universe.htmlCosmic webs* Galaxies are not distributed randomly (http://skyserver.sdss.org/dr1/en/astro/structures/structures.asp) in space; instead, clusters of galaxies form web-like patterns. These webs consist of filaments, where dark matter and ordinary (baryonic) matter are concentrated, and voids, where galaxies are scarce. Researchers believe that these large-scale structures grew out of minor fluctuations in density at the beginning of the universe. Composition of the early universe* Moments after the Big Bang, the universe formed the nuclei for what would be come the universe’s hydrogen and helium atoms, with one helium nucleus for every 10 or 11 hydrogen (http://umich.edu/~gs265/bigbang.htm). When the first stars formed, there were no heavier elements — those elements formed inside stars. String Theory Landscape* The String Theory Landscape is a theory that the universe we live in is one of many universes. It attempts to explain how certain constants of nature seem “fine-tuned” for life, which contradicts the anthropic principle, or the notion that we humans hold a special place in the universe. scientificamerican.com/article/multiverse-the-case-for-parallel-universe/%0ADisintegration of the universe* In the future Degenerate Era of the universe, as space-time expands and stars burn up, all of the matter in stars will be consumed by black holes. But even black holes are not forever. Stephen Hawking theorized that black holes will slowly radiate away their mass in what is now called Hawking radiation until they too dissipate away. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/a/adams-universe.html______MEDIA CREDITS:Music provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgAdditional Animations:- Galaxy within Universe: Edgeworx;- Stars at center of Milky Way - NASA/NCSA University of Illinois Visualization by Frank Summers, Space Telescope Science Institute, Simulation by Martin White and Lars Hernquist, Harvard UniversityFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXi
Unboxing the Universe What The Physics?! 2017-07-27 | What if everything in the universe came to your doorstep...in a box?! What The Physics is BACK! Future episodes will explore the universe—but first, let's unbox it. Subscribe: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub...↓Want more info?↓SCIENTIFIC NOTES:Explosive young stars* The average lifetime of a star is about 10 billion years, but the bigger the star, the shorter its life. One rare type of star, called a hypergiant, can be tens, hundreds, or even a thousand times the mass of our sun. These stars burn out and explode into supernovae in just a few million years. http://www.guide-to-the-universe.com/hypergiant-star.htmlBlack holes* Black holes form from the collapse of a massive star at the end of its life, but this only happens in stars about three times as massive as the sun. http://burro.case.edu/Academics/Astr201/EndofSun.pdfHow big is the universe? * Probably infinite. No one knows the size of the universe for sure, and we may never know, but the latest thinking is that it probably goes on forever. map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_shape.htmlStandard cosmological model* According to the standard cosmological model, the universe started with a big bang, underwent rapid inflation within the first fraction of a second, and continues to expand, driven by a vacuum energy called dark energy. All of the structure we see in the universe has come from interactions between dark energy and dark matter (which accounts for about 85% of the universe’s matter). This model describes and predicts many phenomena in the universe but is not perfect. physics.aps.org/articles/v8/108False vacuum model* The false vacuum model is a real, albeit unlikely theory. All the fundamental forces of nature have corresponding fields (e.g., gravitational fields, magnetic fields, etc.), and we generally believe that the universe is at rest in a global minimum of the potentials of those fields. But if we are instead at rest in a local minimum, or a “false vacuum,” the universe could potentially be nudged, catastrophically, into a lower minimum. Recycling stars into life* Before the first stars, the universe was all hydrogen and helium. All heavier elements, including the building blocks of life, were forged in stars.Dark matter and dark energy* Only 5% of the universe is made up of matter we can see. The “missing mass” later dubbed dark matter was first noticed in the 1930s; dark energy was discovered in the 1990s. In both cases, their existence was inferred by their effect on objects they interact with. However, they are still not directly observable, so nobody knows yet what they are made of. Leftover light from the Big Bang* The theory of the Big Bang predicted the existence of cool radiation pervading the universe, left over from its beginning. In an accidental discovery, two New Jersey scientists discovered the cosmic microwave background, a nearly uniform bath of radiation throughout the universe at a temperature of about 3 Kelvin, or -454 degrees Fahrenheit.Gravitational waves* Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in his theory of general relativity in 1916. According to his theory, the acceleration of massive objects, like black holes, should send ripples through space-time at the speed of light. A century after his prediction, two merging black holes sent a ripple through space-time that was detected on Earth as a signal that stretched the 4-kilometer arms of a detector by less than 1/1,000 the width of a proton. Cosmic dust* Cosmic dust is cast off from stars at the end of their lives and hovers in galaxies as clouds. These clouds of dust absorb ultraviolet and visible light, obscuring much of what lies behind them. This makes it notoriously difficult to study things like the dusty center of our galaxy. Fermi bubbles* Enormous bubbles of gamma rays protruding above and below the center of the galaxy, roughly along its axis of rotation. http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/understanding-fermi-bubblesThe observable universe* The universe is 13.8 billion years old. Since the distance we can observe is limited by the time it takes light to travel to Earth, we can only ever observe a fraction of the universe: an expanding sphere around us that is now about 46 billion years in radius. However, the universe is much larger than what we can observe. CREDITS:Host, Writer, Producer: Greg KestinAnimation & Compositing: Danielle GustitusContributing Writers: Lissy Herman, HCSUCSFilming, Writing, & Editing Contributions from:Samia Bouzid and David GoodliffeCreation of Sad Star Image: Drew GanonSpecial thanks: Julia CortLauren AguirreAri DanielAnna RothschildAllison EckFernando BecerraAnd the entire NOVA teamFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiMusic provided by APMSound effects: Freesound.orgImages: Big Bang – NASAAdditional Animations: Edgeworx
3 Things Faster Than Light What The Physics?! 2016-04-07 | These 3 things go "faster" than the speed of light. How's that even possible?Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj1gf...↓Want more info?↓More about the experiment: Marissa Giustina’s research: http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.03190Advanced scientific note about Doppler: If there is a light moving away from you at constant velocity in static flat (Minkowski) space-time, no matter how red it is, you will never conclude it is going faster than light. But, here I am discussing the conclusions one might come to if you mistakenly use Doppler in the context of the curved space-time of the universe (where there is expansion). Interpreting the huge redshift as a result of the doppler effect, could make one think that galaxies we see are moving away at speeds approaching light speed. And since what we are actually seeing is light from those galaxies from billions of years ago, and given that the universe is expanding, you might be tempted to say that they have since "accelerated" to faster than the speed of light. You might go further and say that there are more distant galaxies that we can't see which are moving away even faster. So you might conclude there are galaxies moving faster than light in the universe. But the redshift isn't from doppler and this "acceleration" of the expanding universe isn't actually causing a true increase in velocity. Sometimes astronomers do say there is a faster than light "recession speed" by pretending the expansion of the universe is causing distant galaxies to move away from each other at a corresponding velocity, but that's misleading. In general relativity, you can actually have an increase in space between objects without causing a corresponding increase in the relatives velocities of those objects.CREDITS:Host, Writer, Animator, Editor: Greg KestinFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiSpecial thanks: Marissa GiustinaNick HutzlerJulie ElksyByron DruryJacob BarandesTyler HoweLissy HermanAri DanielLauren AguirreKristine AllingtonAllison EckAnna RotschildMEDIA CREDITS:Music provided by APM:Deep_Science_No-percMysteries_of_Science_BDreaming_of_the_Stars_aCuriosity_Kills_the_Cat_2Conundrum_aImages:Stars - Rene BarriosEarth - Eirikagalaxy spiral (by coornio - diviantart)Squirrel with scissors - 60811670 - DollarphotoclubEquations - 91613623 - DollarphotoclubMaxresdefault - Sean StewartMarissa Giustina - LammerhuberTangled cat - David SwayzeCat doll - Vicky SommaStock footage:train-exits-tunnel - Pond5Bin_pulsar_442 - Courtesy of Nasa Expanding in space (40294) - Courtesy of Nasa WMAP_archive - Courtesy of Nasa
Does Gravity Change Colors? What The Physics?! 2016-03-17 | Does gravity change the color of light all around you? Einstein thought so. Did this ingenious experiment proved him right? Subscribe: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub...↓Want more info?↓More about the experiment: physics.aps.org/story/v16/st1uam.es/personal_pdi/ciencias/jcuevas/Teaching/Pound-Rebka-PRL1960.pdfCREDITS:Host, Writer, Animator, Editor: Greg KestinFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiSpecial thanks: Tyler HoweAri DanielPaul HorowitzSara TewksburySeeta JosephKarishma DesaiLauren AguirreKristine AllingtonAllison EckLauren MillerStuart McNeilMEDIA CREDITS:Music provided by APM:Inside_The_Lab_ASound effects:Freesound.orgStock footage:ambulance-city-street-night - Pond5train-exits-tunnel - Pond5
Whats the Physics Behind Texting? What The Physics?! 2016-02-10 | What’s the science behind texting? When you hit send, how does your message leave your phone and make the journey to your friend’s phone?Subscribe: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub_confirmation=1↓Want more info?↓CREDITS:Host, Writer, Animator, Editor: Greg KestinSpecial thanks: Tyler HoweJulie ElskyLissy HermanPatrick MitranJerry GibsonLauren AguirreKristine AllingtonAnna RothschildAllison EckAri DanielLauren MillerFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiSCIENTIFIC NOTES:- Messages can also be encoded by altering the phase of the signal being sent from the antenna.- Phones use several (~8) frequencies at one time, and since there are limited frequencies (~100) for the tower to use, manages the sharing of them.MEDIA CREDITS:Music provided by APM:Curio CSound effects:Freesound.orgImages:Two tree cell towers (Devra)Top of cell tower (Ervins Strauhmanis)Stock footage from Pond5:digital-computer-brain-binarybangkok-city-skyline-aerial-daaerial-fly-over-green-forest-c
Crazy Lake Experiment What The Physics?! 2016-01-21 | 1 tablespoon of olive oil destroys half an acre of waves on this lake. What The Physics?!Subscribe: http://youtube.com/whatthephysics?sub...↓Want more info?↓Try a mini version of this at home: youtu.be/ho0o7H6dXSUCREDITS:Host, Writer, Animator, Editor: Greg KestinFrom the producers of PBS NOVA© WGBH Educational FoundationFunding provided by FQXiSpecial thanks: Tyler HoweAri DanielLissy HermanKurt KolasinskiDavid AllaraPatrick LakeRyan MckellLauren AguirreKristine AllingtonAnna RothschildAllison EckLauren MillerPeter BehrooziFred BehrooziDaniel RosenbergKesto ProductionsMEDIA CREDITS:Music provided by APM:C'est La VieMagician's Waltz aLittle JynxAquatic FloraSound effects:Freesound.orgImages:Burnt Biscotti (Anna Ginsberg)Gangster Benjamin Franklin from Compton (Philip Taylor)Stock footage:sea_waves_prores - Pond5
