Better Pizza Through Chemistry Reactions 2021-09-29 | This week we show you how two simple changes can turn cardboard-y pizza into award winning pie (okay, award-winning might be a slight exaggeration, but we awarded ourselves a win, so deal with it). Here’s our simple recipe for making stellar pizza at home:Mix 1 package (0.25 oz) of dry yeast into 1 cup of warm waterLet sit for 5 minutes.Add 2.5 cups of bread flour and 1 tsp of salt. Mix.Knead the dough for a few minutes.Dust your hands with flour and form your pizza dough into a round ball. Transfer to a bowl.Let the dough sit, covered, in the fridge overnight. THIS IS KEY! Remove the dough from the fridge, let sit at room temperature for 30 minutes, then using your hands or a rolling pin spread out the dough.Set your oven as high as it can go (for many ovens that’s 550 degrees F)Add sauce and toppingsPut your pizza in the oven until the crust starts to brown (should be around 9 minutes, maybe a little longer if you like it crispy!)Let cool and enjoy!You might also like:The Science of Kombuchayoutube.com/watch?v=YxARRckS9dA We Found The Best Hot Pepper Cure (It’s Not Milk)youtube.com/watch?v=8R98O29Fs7s How Milk Becomes Cheeseyoutu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY We 🔥Burned🔥 Food to Figure Out How Many Calories It Has:youtu.be/ahvE5kuWcps Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDEmily Jane Buehler, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDPeter Reinhart Sources:The Bread Baker’s Apprenticebarnesandnoble.com/w/the-bread-bakers-apprentice-15th-anniversary-edition-peter-reinhart/1123130134Baking Bread: The Chemistry of Bread-Makinghttp://www.compoundchem.com/2016/01/13/breadThe chemistry of pizzaacs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/reactions/videos/2014/the-chemistry-of-pizza.htmlThe science and magic of breadmakingtheguardian.com/science/blog/2009/nov/26/science-breadmaking Bread Science: The Chemistry and Craft of Making Breadtwobluebooks.com/books [Excerpt] Bread Science: The Chemistry and Craft of Making Breadtwobluebooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Excerpt-BreadScience.pdf
What Science Says About Brining Your Bird Reactions 2022-11-23 | George and Andrew violently disagree on whether brining meat matters. George thinks brining is totally unnecessary; Andrew thinks George is a heathen. They resolve their dispute with the help of some chemistry, a blind tasting, and DC’s very own Roaming Rooster. Serving Up Science on PBS Foodyoutu.be/Mi84o9ZKuXsFor a guide on how to brine turkey (*not* 5 days) see J. Kenji’s comprehensive blog post:seriouseats.com/the-food-lab-the-truth-about-brining-turkey-thanksgiving You might also like other Reactions videos:Why the Maillard Reaction Makes Everything Delicious:youtu.be/rs1JLYXROVU Frying Your Way to Better Chicken:youtu.be/Vjj2OJBOQ_0 The Science of J. Kenji López-Alt's Roasted Potato Recipe:youtu.be/fehedawj1DM How to Fry a Thanksgiving Turkey Without Burning Your House Down:youtu.be/t9Dhhxnvt2Y Better Grilling Through Chemistry:youtu.be/RqUEh-B-U-k What is the Future of Fake Meat?youtu.be/uOT2_LNJmzg Credits:Executive Producer: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Laurence VuckovicElaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host:George ZaidanScientific Consultants:Dr. Mark Jones, Ph.D.Brianne Raccor, Ph.D. Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources:Polarized but illusory beliefs about tap and bottled water: A product- and consumer-oriented survey and blind tasting experiment - ScienceDirectsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718322666 Consumer preference for chicken breast may be more affected by information on organic production than by product sensory properties - ScienceDirectsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119395847#! CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCE OF BOTTLED AND TAP WATER - TEILLET - 2010 - Journal of Sensory Studies - Wiley Online Libraryonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2010.00280.x Different actions of salt and pyrophosphate on protein extraction from myofibrils reveal the mechanism controlling myosin dissociation - Shen - 2016 - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085314Histological Study of Ultrastructural Changes in Muscle Exposed to Various Concentrations of NaCl Brine - Astruc - 2018 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Librarydoi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14122Techniques for postmortem tenderisation in meat processing: effectiveness, application and possible mechanisms | Food Production, Processing and Nutrition | Full Textfppn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43014-021-00062-0 Structure of Muscle Fibers (IB Biology) - YouTubeyoutube.com/watch?v=iFreCZ8XiZg Myology - Skeletal Muscle (Sarcomere, Myosin and Actin) - YouTubeyoutube.com/watch?v=MZJ6kTKDFmw Science of Briningscienceofcooking.com/science-of-brining.html On the mechanism of water holding in meat: The swelling and shrinking of myofibrils - PubMedpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22055626 The Food Lab's Definitive Guide to Buying, Prepping, Cooking, and Carving Your Holiday Turkeyseriouseats.com/buying-prepping-cooking-carving-thanksgiving-turkey-complete-guide-food-lab The Right Way to Brine Turkey | The Food Labseriouseats.com/the-food-lab-the-truth-about-brining-turkey-thanksgiving How to Brine a Turkey for Thanksgivingseriouseats.com/quick-and-dirty-guide-to-brining-turkey-chicken-thanksgiving Physical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Pectoralis superficialis from Broiler Carcasses Chilled in Water or Brine Solutions Under Commercial Time and Temperature Conditions - ScienceDirectdoi.org/10.3382/ps.0640664 The Effect of Water Soaking, Brining and Cooking Procedure on Tenderness of Broilers1doi.org/10.3382/ps.0551494 A Comparison of Brined and Unbrined Paired Broiler Carcass-Halves for Tenderness1doi.org/10.3382/ps.0610716 Physical Characteristics of Pectoralis superficialis from Brine-Chilled Broiler Carcasses1doi.org/10.3382/ps.0620433
Some Sugar Free Gummy Bears Are Laxatives. No, Really. Reactions 2022-11-09 | Sugar free gummies are delicious, low on calories, and… technically laxatives? Reactions producer Andrew dives into the science to figure out how he can make delicious sugar free gummies without the uncomfortable side effects.#saccharin #aspartame #foodchemistryTiny Matters Podcast:acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/tiny-matters.htmlSugar: The addiction debate and an ancient DNA mutation that’s killing us today:acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/tiny-matters/the-addiction-debate-and-an-ancient-dna-mutation-thats-killing-us-today.htmlYou might also like other Reactions videos:How Much Candy Would Kill You?youtu.be/RNOycTzN-fg Why Do Things Taste Sweet?youtu.be/FaBFyEa8-eI How Do They Make Maple Syrup?youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc Why Doesn’t Banana Candy Taste Like Banana?youtu.be/zECg-21dYLI Why Does Salt Change the Taste of Everything?youtu.be/dWatMuHZIxE Credits:Executive Producer: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter:Alex DainisScientific Consultants:Dr. Peihua Jiang, Ph.D.Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.Leila Duman, Ph.D.Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Additional Sources:docs.google.com/document/d/1Ree80zAU4ExLcHpClTqHCqyuc5Vyjw89rB5HPu6bt9g/edit?usp=sharing
Is DNA the Future of Data Storage? Reactions 2022-10-26 | Could the future of data storage be DNA? It’s the original format after all, storing the information needed to build every living thing. and it has a handful of qualities that would make it perfect to store all the digital information in our world. With recent advances in DNA sequencing and DNA printing, it’s technically possible. But there are a few obstacles to overcome before this sci-fi sounding tech can become a household reality. You might also like other Reactions videos:Can Science Replace Blood Transfusions?youtu.be/Uy8p_Yzpe6o But Could CBD Make You Fail a Drug Test?youtu.be/BzmZ_sb5dZk How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War Oneyoutu.be/wnvo53xUxP4 Death and Decompositionyoutu.be/OBWnPo9UufE Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI Credits:Executive Producer: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverHost:Alex DainisScientific Consultants:Mark Bathe, PhDKarin Strauss, PhDExecutive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Additional Sources:lewisdgavin.medium.com/googles-data-footprint-will-blow-your-mind-2237cf8e0d4#:~:text=200%20Petabytes%20of%20data%20per,Search%20is%20handling%20per%20day.genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dnabrighterworld.mcmaster.ca/articles/ancient-dna-found-in-soil-samples-reveals-mammoths-yukon-wild-horses-survived-thousands-of-years-longer-than-believedphys.org/news/2017-03-short-movie-dna.htmltwistbioscience.com/blog/perspectives/dna-data-storage-setting-data-density-record-dna-fountaintwistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2355§ionid=185844443#:~:text=Nucleosides%20have%20a%20nitrogenous%20base,in%20ribonucleic%20acid%20or%20RNA.nature.com/scitable/definition/phosphate-backbone-273twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dnanature.com/articles/s41563-021-01021-3genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dnagenengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dnanature.com/articles/s41587-020-0695-9cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/dna/Enzymatic-DNA-synthesis-significant-new/100/i3dnastoragealliance.org/why
Why Does Salt Change the Taste of Everything? Reactions 2022-09-29 | If your coffee is too bitter, add a pinch of salt. If your salad isn’t sour enough, add a pinch of salt. If your beer is too bitter, add a pinch of salt. Salt has a seemingly magical ability to enhance good flavors and dampen bad ones. Come along on George’s epic journey into the wilds of salt science.You might also like other Reactions videos:How Does Salt Melt Ice?youtu.be/JkhWV2uaHaA Salt, Diamonds and DNA: 5 Surprising Facts About Crystalsyoutu.be/urq8SuPMZ_w Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable -- and Should We?youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE Is MSG Bad for You?youtu.be/VJw8r_YWJ9k The Science of Maple Syrup Productionyoutu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc Credits:Executive Producer: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific Consultants:Gary Beauchamp, Ph.D.Michelle Boucher, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources:An overview of binary taste-taste interactionsdoi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00110-6Handbook of Perception Volume 6A - Edward C. Carterette - Google Booksbooks.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XdgC8UDWfh4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=the+history+of+taste+research&ots=39cJ2ggnBj&sig=1SfgE5KEu_srfGbqsX8Rcey9-cQ#v=onepage&q=catfish&f=falseThe taste of table salt - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326615Bitterness suppression as revealed by split-tongue taste stimulation in humans - ScienceDirectsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031938485904123?fr=RR-2&ref=pdf_download&rr=750e1737fb669c1eTaste of Sodium Chloride Solutions after Adaptation to Sodium Chloride: Implications for the "Water Taste" | Sciencescience.org/doi/10.1126/science.143.3609.967
How Roundup Kills Weeds (And How Weeds are Fighting Back) Reactions 2022-09-14 | In 1997 there were 432 new patents for herbicides, by 2009 there were only 65. The development of broad spectrum glyphosate and “Roundup Ready crops” was a game changer that worked so well people basically stopped looking for new herbicides. That is until the weeds started fighting back. Chemical & Engineering News article on the search for new modes of actioncen.acs.org/environment/pesticides/crop-protection-herbicide-mode-action-glyphosate/100/i22Introduction to the Shikimate Pathwayyoutube.com/watch?v=FlBrJW-qbXA&list=PL833687AEAAE90961&index=155You might also like other Reactions videos:How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War Oneyoutu.be/wnvo53xUxP4 That Fresh Cut Grass Scent is Really a Signal of Distressyoutu.be/suGk8eZyN34 How Can Fertilizer Explode?youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c How Do Hydrangeas Change Colors?youtu.be/tmCxU8XY_pE The Chemistry of Poison Ivyyoutu.be/SJEU3PT0O5g Credits:Executive Producer: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverHost:Alex DainisScientific Consultants:Mark Loux, PhDPatrick J. Tranel, PhDTodd Gaines, PhDMithila Jugulam, Ph.D.Leila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Additional Sources:Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready cropsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559744THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAYannualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.473Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years?onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2333The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Reviewfrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2020.615470/fullThe cost of herbicide resistancehttps://crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/bob-hartzler/cost-herbicide-resistanceDevelopment and Characterization of a CP4 EPSPS-Based, Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn Eventweb.archive.org/web/20090319094255/http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/329?ijkey=44fad6f377d5b5dfe274484eb51a4c79d0d7ff63&keytype2=tf_ipsecshaTyrosine Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Catabolism in Plantsbit.ly/3CsMiiSBiosynthesis and Metabolic Fate of Phenylalanine in Conifersncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942462Auxin driven indoleamine biosynthesis and the role of tryptophan as an inductive signal in Hypericum perforatum (L.)ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6797091Finding of No Significant ImpactAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServicePetition for Non-regulated Status for Soybean Line MON 89788 (APHIS 06-178-01p)aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_17801p_ea.pdfGlyphosate resistance: state of knowledgeonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.3743
Carbon Structures from Pencils to Jetpacks Reactions 2022-08-31 | Buckyballs, nanotubes, and graphene sheets have been the way of the future for *decades* but so far, the science just hasn’t lived up to the hype. Yet there are new carbon structures that pop up about once a year claiming to be the next big thing. So… how far are we actually from carbon structures revolutionizing the world and finally bringing us jetpacks?#carbon #graphene #buckyballsYou might also like other Reactions videos:What is an Electron?youtu.be/dgqHFpP1w2kWhat Your Chemistry Teacher Got Wrong About Wateryoutu.be/dlHxV0Hpt5I CreditsExecutive ProducerMatthew RadcliffProducersElaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/HostAlex Dainis, PhDScientific ConsultantsMatthew Diasio, PhDRichard Kaner, PhDLeila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources:Graphite and diamond structurehttps://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch10/carbon.php#:~:text=Graphite%20consists%20of%20extended%20planes,and%20boiling%20point%20of%20graphite.)scientificamerican.com/article/how-can-graphite-and-diam/#:~:text=In%20a%20diamond%2C%20the%20carbon,an%20infinite%20network%20of%20atoms.Buckyballs - “Magic Molecules” PopSci Articlepopsci.com/buckyball-magic-moleculeOriginal Buckyballs papernature.com/articles/318162a0Uses of Fullerenesmstnano.com/fullerene-usesNYTimes article on Buckyballs’ “growing pains” from 2000nytimes.com/2000/10/10/science/a-prodigious-molecule-and-its-growing-pains.html1991 Science Magazine Molecule of the Yearscience.org/doi/10.1126/science.254.5039.1705Grow your own nanotubestechnologyreview.com/2019/08/21/133477/grow-your-own-nanotubesNanotubes uses and creationnanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction/introduction_to_nanotechnology_22.php#:~:text=In%20the%20CVD%20process%2C%20manufacturers,inside%20a%20high%2Dtemperature%20furnace.&text=The%20CVD%20process%20can%20be%20purely%20catalytic%20or%20plasma%2Dsupported.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1782#:~:text=Buckytubes%20or%20carbon%20nanotubes%20are,at%20this%20point%20in%20time.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526001790hitachi-hightech.com/global/products/device/semiconductor/about.html#:~:text=Semiconductors%20are%20substances%20with%20properties,Silicon%20forms%20most%20of%20ICs.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039602801015588cen.acs.org/materials/electronic-materials/Carbon-nanotube-computers-face-makebreak/97/i8;news.mit.edu/2020/carbon-nanotube-transistors-factory-0601phys.org/news/2014-03-carbon-nanotubes-real-world-applications.htmlSemiconductorsgraphene-info.com/graphene-semiconductorChemical vapor depositionsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619616001819#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20reported%20that,chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20(CVD).graphenea.com/pages/cvd-graphene#.YulAFezMJmoHow to make graphenenature.com/articles/nmat3944chemistryworld.com/news/graphene-made-in-a-kitchen-blender/7282.articlegoogle.com/url?q=physicsworld.com/a/how-to-make-graphene/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1659456641525480&usg=AOvVaw0vHX8uAk2E9VE1oC92eBfnGraphene facts and usesnature.com/articles/nature.2014.14676chemistryworld.com/opinion/the-write-stuff/1010048.article popsci.com/adam-weiner/article/2008-09/when-carbon-electrical-conductorsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128158111000041#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20areas%20that,and%20other%20applications%20%5B16%5D.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00026/fulliopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/7/2/023002 nanene.comtechradar.com/news/dummy-40-ways-graphene-is-about-to-change-your-lifeTwistronicsphysicsworld.com/a/twistronics-tunes-2d-material-propertiesscience.org/content/article/twisted-graphene-could-power-new-generation-superconducting-electronics#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20a%20group%20of,twisted%20one%20ever%20so%20slightlydoi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00840-0https://news.mit.edu/2021/physicists-create-tunable-superconductivity-twisted-graphene-nanosandwich-0201Sheets of buckyballscen.acs.org/materials/2-d-materials/Chemists-create-single-2-D/100/web/2022/06nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04771-5Will graphene power our world soon? mckinsey.com/industries/semiconductors/our-insights/graphene-the-next-s-curve-for-semiconductors
Are Wine & Food Pairings All Nonsense? Reactions 2022-08-24 | Check out The Bigger Picture on @PBS : youtu.be/Wnr4RJxDifwFoodies know that coffee and chocolate go well together. But add garlic to the mix and you get a taste sensation that *absolutely* broke my brain. I dig into the science of flavor pairings, especially when it comes to the famous (infamous?) combo of wine and cheese.You might also like other Reactions videos:A Deep(er) Dive Into Whiskey Distilling Science:youtu.be/a1IruS1bKN8 The Science of Kombucha:youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA The Science of Maple Syrup Production:youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc Color changing tea:youtu.be/ORl6EKQI1ws Better Pizza Through Chemistry:youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc Credits:Executive Producers: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific Consultants:Charles Spence, Ph.D.Leila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingAssistant Director of Programming for PBS: John CampbellReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources:A Dinner Demonstration of Threshold Differences in Taste and Smellscience.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.81.2108.504 Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literaturepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466920 New Insights into Wine Taste: Impact of Dietary Lipids on Sensory Perceptions of Grape Tanninspubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06589 What are Tannins, Really?winemag.com/2018/09/11/tannins-wine-guide/#:~:text=Tannins%20can%20stem,a%20red%20wine. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistryphytojournal.com/archives/2012/vol1issue3/PartA/8.1.pdf The Science of Melting Cheeseseriouseats.com/the-science-of-melting-cheese#:~:text=Technically%20speaking%2C%20cheese%20is%20an%20emulsion%20of%20dairy%20fat%20and%20water%2C%20held%20together%20by%20a%20network%20of%20proteins. Catechinssciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/catechin#:~:text=Catechins%20can%20polymerize%20to%20form%20tannins%2C%20which%20can%20be%20hydrolyzable%20or%20condensed%20(proanthocyanidins)%20(Gadkari%20and%20Balaraman%2C%202015%3B%20Rauf%20et%20al.%2C%202019). FOOD PAIRING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN FOOD DATABASEhttp://docplayer.net/37924766-Food-pairing-from-the-perspective-of-the-volatile-compounds-in-food-database.html Food & Wine:https://www.apps.fst.vt.edu/extension/enology/extonline/foodwine.html#:~:text=Food%20and%20wine%20pairing%20is%20almost%20entirely%20a%20matter%20of%20personal%20preference Umami synergy as the scientific principle behind taste‑pairing champagne and oystersnature.com/articles/s41598-020-77107-w.pdf Handbook of Enology - Volume 2: The chemistry of Wine Stabilization and Treatmentsvinumvine.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/p-ribereau-gayon-y-glories-a-maujean-d-dubourdieu-handbook-of-enology-volume-2-the-chemistry-of-wine-stabilization-and-treatments.pdf Iron Is an Essential Cause of Fishy Aftertaste Formation in Wine and Seafood Pairingpubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901656k Pairing flavours and the temporal order of tastingflavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13411-017-0053-0.pdf Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literaturepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466920
How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War One Reactions 2022-08-10 | Can a medicine cause a war? When chemists isolated a new compound from the bark of a South American tree, they had no idea they were changing world history, and cocktails, forever. If we look at how the bark of the cinchona tree is used to treat malaria, we can see cutting edge chemistry showing quinine binding to an enzyme that is essential for the malaria parasite’s survival. But if we look from another angle, we can see how that coincidental affinity may have been a major contributing factor to World War One.#malaria #medicinalchemistry #historyCheck out the new shows on PBS Terra:Why Am I Like This: youtu.be/eWzBNfBnFysFar Out: youtu.be/jpUjze3v_6c You might also like:What Happens When You Distill Whiskey?youtu.be/a1IruS1bKN8 The Science of Maple Syrup Production:youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire:youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA What Exactly Happened at Chernobyl?youtu.be/uvpS2lUHZD8 The Science of Kombuchayoutu.be/YxARRckS9dA Credits:Executive Producers: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sophia RobertsScientific Consultants:Selasi Dankwa, PhDLeila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD James Webb, PhDExecutive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources and more information:Identifying purine nucleoside phosphorylase as the target of quinine using cellular thermal shift assaypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30602534Monitoring Drug Target Engagement in Cells and Tissues Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assayscience.org/doi/10.1126/science.1233606The cellular thermal shift assay for evaluating drug target interactions in cellsnature.com/articles/nprot.2014.138Population genetic analysis of the DARC locus (Duffy) reveals adaptation from standing variation associated with malaria resistance in humansncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365118Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malarianature.com/articles/s41598-018-32254-zPlasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase is critical for viability of malaria parasitespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18957439Types of Malaria Parasitesstanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/primary-care/malaria/types.htmlHistorical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quininencbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973170Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malariancbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121651Mortality among European settlers in pre-colonial West Africa: The “White Man’s Grave” revisitedhttps://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/49666Malaria’s Impact Worldwidecdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.htmlPortrait of a serial killernature.com/articles/news021001-6Antimalarial Drug Discovery: From Quinine to the Dream of Eradicationpubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml4004414Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trialsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621009430Quinine's Targetscience.org/content/blog-post/quinine-s-targetQuinine fevernature.com/articles/s41557-021-00872-2Hemoglobin degradation in malaria-infected erythrocytes determined from live cell magnetophoresisncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728832Dramatic evolution within human genome may have been caused by malaria parasitescience.org/content/article/dramatic-evolution-within-human-genome-may-have-been-caused-malaria-parasite#:~:text=vivax%20accounts%20for%20fewer%20than,parasite%20needs%20to%20gain%20entryGerman Empirebritannica.com/place/German-EmpireBerlin 1884: Remembering the conference that divided Africaaljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/15/berlin-1884-remembering-the-conference-that-divided-africa
SPACE TRASH! ft. Chemistry Reactions 2022-07-13 | Remember when Elon Musk launched a car into space? It’s not just peacefully drifting through a vacuum–it’s hurtling around the sun at 63,592 mph, being bombarded by solar radiation. It might be in pieces.But, not the same pieces it would be in if it was down here on Earth. The environment of space breaks it down differently. And the space debris a little closer to us, all the stuff that we humans have sent into space and just left there to orbit us? The unusual environment of space means it too breaks down and degrades differently than it would down here on earth. But… how long does it take to break down? Does it all break down? And how is that car looking right about now…You might also like:We Are Made of "Star Stuff"youtu.be/2bm479V8qPs Challenger: The Real Story of an Avoidable Disasteryoutu.be/uI174WMnWl4 What Do Astronauts Do With Pee in Space?youtu.be/w6x54zYuqXk What Does the Moon Smell Like?youtu.be/iQod_oYnFTc What Could An Explosion On the Sun Do Here On Earth?youtu.be/i7mZBaleCFE Credits:Executive Producers: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific Consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJohn Crassidis, PhD; Jer Chyi (J.-C.) Liou, PhD;Brianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezDirector of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle EwingReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources: whereisroadster.com education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/meteoroidnasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2004.tb00765.x dewesoft.com/daq/every-satellite-orbiting-earth-and-who-owns-themearth.org/space-junk-what-is-it-what-can-we-do-about-it/#:~:text=But%20how%20does%20space%20junk,detrimental%20effects%20on%20Earth's%20environmenthttps://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Space_Debris/Space_debris_by_the_numbers nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2004.tb00765.x ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160012733 scientificamerican.com/article/webb-telescopes-giant-mirror-struck-by-micrometeoroid spacelegalissues.com/space-law-the-kessler-syndrome nasa.gov/news/debris_faq.html sciencefocus.com/space/does-metal-corrode-or-rust-in-spacesciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252 sciencing.com/write-chemical-reaction-rusting-iron-8558862.htmlfaa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/III.4.1.2_The_Space_Environment.pdf sciencefocus.com/space/does-metal-corrode-or-rust-in-spacehttp://esmat.esa.int/publications/published_papers/corrosion_in_space.pdfsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252 web.archive.org/web/20060624082520/http://triz-journal.com/archives/1998/07/a/index.htmsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.physchem.49.1.73 nature.com/articles/354048a0 livescience.com/61680-will-spacex-roadster-survive-in-space.htmlhttp://esmat.esa.int/publications/published_papers/corrosion_in_space.pdfhttps://www.esa.int/Applications/Telecommunications_Integrated_Applications/Sustainable_connectivity_in_space sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211029103127.htmelpasoheraldpost.com/amys-everyday-astronomy-cold-welding-what-is-it-and-can-it-be-done-on-earth/#:~:text=Don't%20worry%2C%20though%2C,%2Dwelding%20doesn't%20occur http://esmat.esa.int/Publications/Published_papers/STM-279.pdfresearchgate.net/publication/352145728_Cold_Welding_Based_Space_Debris_Removal_System livescience.com/61680-will-spacex-roadster-survive-in-space.html
Can Science Replace Blood Transfusions? Reactions 2022-06-30 | Blood from a lamb, into a human – this sounds like a horror movie, but it’s actually the first recorded blood transfusion… four hundred years ago. In this video we look at how far we’ve come, and the century-long quest for the Holy Grail of transfusion medicine: synthetic blood.00:00 Introduction01:08 Why we need synthetic blood02:09 What is synthetic blood02:44 Why we can't use water as a blood substitute06:38 Liquid breathing experiments and the 1989 movie The Abyss08:37 Perfluorocarbon approach to liquid breathing10:40 Creating synthetic red blood cellsYou might also like:How Does Chemotherapy Treat Breast Cancer?youtu.be/QcgnVuRx20s The Science of Maple Syrup Production:youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc Does Sugar Cause Diabetes?youtu.be/DCwNR3r217I Does Melatonin Do Anything?youtu.be/qjUKsW93qRU Your Liver and Kidneys Are Good Enough, Put Down the Detox Tea:youtu.be/zv0chkuT7cQ Credits:Executive Producers: Matthew RadcliffProducers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific Consultants:Jonathan S. Jahr, MD, PhD, FASAMichelle Boucher, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezAssociate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki WalkerReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.#syntheticblood #blooddonation #blooddonation SOURCES:Facts About Blood Supply In The U.S. | Red Cross Blood Servicesredcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/how-blood-donations-help/blood-needs-blood-supply.html#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20an%20estimated%206.8,the%20U.S.%20in%20a%20year.Can Humans Breathe Liquid Like in The Abyss?todayifoundout.com/index.php/2021/08/can-humans-breathe-liquid-like-in-the-abyssBlood Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics: A Review : Anesthesia & Analgesiajournals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2021/01000/Blood_Substitutes_and_Oxygen_Therapeutics__A.20.aspxA Review of Blood Substitutes: Examining The History, Clinical Trial Results, and Ethics of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728196Making artificial blood for transfusions - American Chemical Societyacs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2017/acs-presspac-april-19-2017/making-artificial-blood-for-transfusions.htmlBlood substitutes - Winslow - 1989 - Transfusion - Wiley Online Libraryonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29990070175.xArtificial Blood: The Future of Patient Care? — Stanford Blood Centerstanfordbloodcenter.org/pulse-artificial-blood-the-future-of-patient-careOxyglobin | HbO2 Therapeuticshbo2therapeutics.com/copy-of-manufacturingHemopure | HbO2 Therapeuticshbo2therapeutics.com/our-productOxyglobin | European Medicines Agencyhttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/oxyglobinPacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Bloodphlbi.org/divisions/blood-disorders/artificial-bloodOxygen therapeutics: can we tame haemoglobin? | Nature Reviews Drug Discoverynature.com/articles/nrd1307Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: oxygen carriers, pressor agents, or oxidants? | Nature Biotechnologynature.com/articles/nbt0699_545Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cells as a function of hematocrit and oxygenation - PubMedpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16186121Surgical blood conservation: Acute normovolemic hemodilution - UpToDateuptodate.com/contents/surgical-blood-conservation-acute-normovolemic-hemodilution#:~:text=Acute%20normovolemic%20hemodilution%20(ANH)%20is,and%2For%20colloid%20replacement%20fluid.History of Blood Transfusionncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7945273/pdf/annmedhist148147-0003.pdfBlood Lust: The Early History of Transfusion - Scientific American Blog Networkblogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/blood-lust-the-early-history-of-transfusionHemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578950The role of circulating cell-free hemoglobin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury - PMCAcute normovolemic hemodilution - PMCncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3592192Pacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Bloodphlbi.org/divisions/blood-disorders/artificial-bloodBiomimetic Rebuilding of Multifunctional Red Blood Cells: Modular Design Using Functional Components | ACS Nanopubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.9b08714First Blood Transfusion: A History - JSTOR Dailydaily.jstor.org/first-blood-transfusionClinical Results of Perftoran Application: Present and Futuretandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/BIO-200046654?needAccess=true
How is Whiskey Made? A Deeper Dive Into Distilling. Reactions 2022-06-15 | Have you ever wanted to make your own bourbon? Don’t! The process might be relatively simple- heat a fermented liquid and keep only the boiled alcohol – but it is dangerous and illegal without a license. This video discusses how to separate one type of liquid from a slurry of others through boiling points and the intermolecular forces that influence them.#whiskey #distilling #chemistry You might also like:The Science of Kombucha:youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA Better Pizza Through Chemistry:youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc Making Drinking Water From Sewage:youtu.be/X9fAoyjjX6M Why They Don’t Make Grade B Maple Syrup Anymore:youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sophia RobertsScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDWilliam Parsons, OhDBrianne Raccor, PhD James Chickos, PhDSources:Distillationchem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation 2.2:Distillationchem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_How_to_be_a_Successful_Organic_Chemist_(Sandtorv)/02%3A_COMMON_ORGANIC_CHEMISTRY_LABORATORY_TECHNIQUES/2.02%3A_Distillation Distillationchem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation 10.22: Distillationchem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Solutions/10.22%3A_Distillation 3.S: Functional Groups (Summary)chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(GSU_-_Dr._Osborne)/03%3A_Organic_Nomenclature_-_Functional_Groups/3.S%3A_Functional_Groups_(Summary) 8.14: Alcoholschem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_North_Texas/UNT%3A_CHEM_1410_-_General_Chemistry_for_Science_Majors_I/Text/08%3A_Properties_of_Organic_Compounds/8.14%3A_Alcohols 2.11: Intermolecular Forces and Relative Boiling Points (bp)chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)/02%3A_Structure_and_Properties_of_Organic_Molecules/2.11%3A_Intermolecular_Forces_and_Relative_Boiling_Points_(bp) Distillationchem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation Overview of Distilled Spiritspubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2019-1321.ch011 6 - Chemical Constituents of Grapes and Winesciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123736468500093
Your Gas Stove is Polluting Your Home Reactions 2022-06-01 | Most people absolutely love their gas stoves and prefer them to electric. But these gas ranges are polluting our homes. #gasstove #pollution #cookingYou might also like: …Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY Why They Don’t Make Grade B Maple Syrup Anymore:youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc What Actually Is Premium Gas?youtu.be/-R39-Tx2808 How Do Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work?youtu.be/R6AdX-bdDaw How Carbon Capture Works:youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific Consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDRob Jackson, PhD (Stanford) Brett SingerTara KahanBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezAssociate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki WalkerReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.SOURCES: docs.google.com/document/d/1oEwYMecDvuWsHE9TdV_VNlCPaqw_eu3vHVUFmsJG55w/edit?usp=sharing
How Do They Make Maple Syrup? Reactions 2022-05-04 | Are you a grade B maple syrup fan? Well, you can’t get it anymore. To understand why, we have to look at the science behind the whole process, from sap to syrup. On the way, we’ll cover hydrometers, reverse osmosis, boiling point elevation, and George’s dislike of Maillard reaction diagrams.#maillard #foodscience #maplesyrupYou might also like:Better Pizza Through Chemistry:youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc Surströmming: The Secrets of this Stinky Swedish Fish:youtu.be/U-Y8qqdjDAk Why Can’t You Buy *Fresh* Olives?youtu.be/oStoeHntfG8 How Milk Becomes Cheese:youtu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY Is White Chocolate Actually Chocolate?youtu.be/4qI8qbfTkys Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanThanks to Bill and Susan FreemanGlastenview Maple FarmScientific Consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDTimothy D. Perkins, PhD (UVM) David W. Ball, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Drone Operator:Kayo SobeyExecutive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezAssociate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki WalkerReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources:The Chemical Composition of Maple Syrup:cooksinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/David-Ball-The-Chemical-Composition-of-Maple-Syrup.pdf Chemical composition of five standard grades of pure maple syrup:mapleresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/0215chemicalcomposition.pdf United States Standards for Grades of Maple Sirup (Syrup):federalregister.gov/documents/2015/01/29/2015-01618/united-states-standards-for-grades-of-maple-sirup-syrup#:~:text=U.S.%20Grade%20A%20Golden%20(delicate,taste%2C%20%3C25.0%25Tc) 168.140 Maple sirup:ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-168/subpart-B/section-168.140 Agriculture - Maple Statistics:https://www.uvm.edu/extension/agriculture/maple-statistics Consumer Preference for Graded Maple Syrup:mapleresearch.org/pub/ne_rp402 Sap flow, wounding and compartmentalization in maple:themaplenews.com/story/sap-flow-wounding-and-compartmentalization-in-maple/374 North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual full:https://holmes.osu.edu/sites/holmes/files/imce/Program_Pages/Maple/North%20American%20Maple%20Syrup%20Producers%20Manual%20full%20pdf.pdf Making the Grade—The Color and Flavor of Maple Syrup:https://extension.unh.edu/blog/2022/03/making-grade-color-flavor-maple-syrup Formation of flavour compounds in the Maillard reaction:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073497500500145X Maple syrup production from sap preconcentrated to ultra high °Brix by membrane technology: Composition and properties:mapleresearch.org/pub/centreacerro Assessment of the Flavor of Syrup Produced with High-Brix RO Systems:mapleresearch.org/pub/m1217highbrix United States Standards for Grades of Maple Syrup:http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/uploads/7/0/9/2/7092109/revised_u.s._standards_for_grades_of_maple_syrup_march_2,2015_1.pdf Maple syrup grades:vermontmaple.org/maple-syrup-grades
Making Drinking Water From Sewage Reactions 2022-04-20 | Sure, drinking toilet water *sounds* gross, but with the right cleaning methods we can turn the dirtiest water you can think of back into clean, safe, refreshing drinking water. In this video we’ll walk through how humans have cleaned water over centuries, and how we’ve managed to get so good at it that we can turn wastewater into a refreshing drink again! Toilet to tap is possible… it just needs a good rebrand!#earthday #waterfiltration #drinkingwaterYou might also like:You Don't Actually Know How Water Works:youtu.be/dlHxV0Hpt5I How Much Water Can Kill You?:youtu.be/TvcbIXvWl_k Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable -- and Should We?:youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE Extracting Gold from Seawater:youtu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific Consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJohn Dorsey (LMU)Brianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezAssociate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki WalkerReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/1r4yKLBmHK7LwcSvQ8ee3FRSALhKZT7zgOcZJdFL2lZs/edit?usp=sharing
How Do We Demo a Building Without Exploding Everything Around It? Reactions 2022-03-24 | How do you demolish a massive building – in the middle of a populated city – in a matter of seconds… safely? Counterintuitively, you do it with explosives. We explore how chemistry, engineering, and more than a little artistry come together to safely bring down massive structures.#implosion #controlledDemolition #dynamite #nitroglycerine You might also like:Science of Concrete & the Surfside Condo Collapse:youtu.be/4Nr3w1BQE18 Is Premium Gas Really Different From Regular?youtu.be/-R39-Tx2808 How Can Fertilizer Explode?youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY Bomb Sniffing Military Dog vs. Machine (and Sam):youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDBrent BlanchardJacqueline Akhavan, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel LopezAssociate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki WalkerReactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.SOURCES:docs.google.com/document/d/1RP9qtH1bYSwLxwJWtW7AeH7vCtAavolkPH5zXr_Tg4Q/edit?usp=sharing
You Dont Understand Water (and Neither Does Anyone Else) Reactions 2022-03-09 | Water is weird… really weird. We’re gonna dive into the controversial chemistry and heated debates around the science of what gives water it’s super unusual properties, and maybe bust a popular water myth along the way.#H2O #hydrogenbonding #dinosaurpeeYou might also like:Extracting Gold from Seawateryoutu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E Why is There Plastic in Our Rain?youtu.be/HUAaurZKi6U How Much Water Can Kill You?youtu.be/TvcbIXvWl_k Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable - and Should We?youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDXijie Wang, PhDEmiliano Brini, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Sources:How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure andEnergies:pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00259 Why is the maximum density of water at 4°C?socratic.org/questions/why-is-the-maximum-density-of-water-at-4-c A Two-State Picture of Water and the Funnel of Life:arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02757.pdf What is life?-lecture: Lars G M Pettersson:youtube.com/watch?v=1ijHgccuhLE Dipole-Dipole Force:courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/dipole-dipole-force/#:~:text=The%20permanent%20dipole%20in%20water,slight%20negative%20charge%20(%CE%B4%2D). Nuclear Quantum Effects in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions from Neural Network Molecular Dynamics Simulations:pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06433#:~:text=Nuclear%20quantum%20effects%20(NQEs)%20cause,bonding%20and%20proton%20transfer%20barriers Nuclear quantum effects enter the mainstream:nature.com/articles/s41570-017-0109 Supercooled water reveals its secrets:science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar3575 Why Water Doesn’t Behave Like a “Normal” Liquid: ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/05/water-anomalies Direct Evidence in the Scattering Function for the Coexistence of Two Types of Local Structures in Liquid Water:pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.9b11211 A mechanism for water splitting and oxygen production in photosynthesis: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28368386 Origin of Water’s Strange Properties: Scientists Capture a “Quantum Tug” Between Neighboring Water Molecules:scitechdaily.com/origin-of-waters-strange-properties-scientists-capture-a-quantum-tug-between-neighboring-water-molecules SLAC Megaelectronvolt Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Instrument: MeV-UED:https://lcls.slac.stanford.edu/instruments/mev-ued#:~:text=The%20MeV%2DUED%20instrument%2C%20part,chemical%20and%20 Supercritical water anomalies in the vicinity of the Widom line:nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51843-0#:~:text=Usually%20the%20locus%20of%20specific,like%20behavior Markov state model of the two-state behaviour of water:https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/132025/1/132025.pdf New study provides evidence for decades-old theory to explain the odd behaviors of water:https://www.princeton.edu/news/2020/07/16/new-study-provides-evidence-decades-old-theory-explain-odd-behaviors-water Second critical point in two realistic models of water:science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb9796 What is life?-lecture: Lars G M Pettersson:youtube.com/watch?v=1ijHgccuhLE LDL vs HDL water:youtube.com/watch?v=zh1Srcuh2nI
This Toxic Gas is Responsible for Almost All Our Food Reactions 2022-02-23 | Anhydrous ammonia can cause headline-grabbing disasters, but it’s also responsible for 50% of the food on your table. It all boils down to nitrogen, and the process of turning the inert dinitrogen in our air into useful fertilizer. So what is this stuff, how is it used, and how is something so dangerous also so vital?You might also like:How Can Fertilizer Explode?:youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill You:youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8 What is an Electron?:youtu.be/dgqHFpP1w2k How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire:youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA Can Mixing Cleaning Chemicals Kill You?:youtu.be/FH1h0oWjark Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDDaniel R. Kuespert, PhD Carson Arch, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD SOURCES: docs.google.com/document/d/1E8D3n_8x5GwzssBffT2lQgtbmBB7rSPAQ1jEC_so1e4/edit?usp=sharing
Whats In Premium Gas? Reactions 2022-02-09 | Is it worth it to put premium gas into your car? And what’s even the difference between the regular and premium gas? It all has to do with the octane rating, which we’ll explain with fire, ice-cream, and a bit of chemistry trivia.00:00 - Intro01:18 - What Does Octane Measure?01:29 - How Combustion Works in a Gasoline Engine02:13 - How Compression Leads to Self-Ignition03:00 - Engine Knock03:31 - How is Gasoline Produced?04:11 - How is the Octane Rating Measured?05:29 - Why They Used to Put Lead in Gas07:07 - Which Gas Should I Use?#octane #engine #premiumgasYou might also like:Fuel Cell Cars: The Future or Gas Guzzlers in Disguise?:youtu.be/R6AdX-bdDaw Chemtrails:youtu.be/ZonPvpgcBc0 How Oxygen Masks Brought Down a Plane:youtu.be/KejaV70RWPk I Created an Oil Spill in My House:youtu.be/n2761go6OYg Credits:Executive Producers: Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJohn Heywood, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Sources:Here's What 'Compression Ratio' Actually Means And Why It Mattersjalopnik.com/heres-what-compression-ratio-actually-means-and-why-it-1819723873 Here's How Your Car's Engine Workscaranddriver.com/features/a26962316/how-a-car-works Benefits of a Diesel Enginekiowacountypress.net/content/benefits-diesel-engine#:~:text=Diesel%20engines%20have%20fewer%20moving,to%20be%20changed%20or%20repaired Why No Diesel Cars in the U.S.? And, Why is Diesel So Popular Abroad?rentar.com/no-diesel-cars-u-s-diesel-popular-abroad/#:~:text=Since%20the%20advent%20of%20cars,living%20in%20the%20United%20States Engine Pre-Ignitionhelp.summitracing.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5008/~/engine-pre-ignition 25 Dr Andy Explains the Relationship Between Engine Knock and Octaneyoutube.com/watch?v=cIL5PT3_G5I Fractional distillation of petroleumphilipharris.co.uk/blogs/experiments/fractional-distillation-of-petroleum-experiment#:~:text=Petroleum%20can%20be%20separated%20into,the%20process%20of%20refining%20Petroleum.&text=The%20Petroleum%20is%20heated%20up,produced%20enters%20the%20fractionating%20column Crude oil distillation and the definition of refinery capacityeia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=6970 What is Gasoline?http://www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/factsheets/gasoline.htm#:~:text=Gasoline%20is%20a%20mixture%20of,%2C%20toluene%2C%20and%20xylenes Difference Between RON and MONdifferencebetween.com/difference-between-ron-and-mon/#:~:text=The%20key%20difference%20between%20RON,at%20high%20temperatures%20and%20speeds.&text=The%20term%20MON%20refers%20to%20the%20motor%20octane%20number Fact Sheet | A Brief History of Octane in Gasoline: From Lead to Ethanoleesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-a-brief-history-of-octane#:~:text=Ethanol%20as%20an%20Octane%20Booster&text=Currently%2C%20refiners%20create%20'sub%2D,value%20on%20the%20gas%20pump The World Has Finally Stopped Using Leaded Gasoline. Algeria Used The Last Stockpilenpr.org/2021/08/30/1031429212/the-world-has-finally-stopped-using-leaded-gasoline-algeria-used-the-last-stockp Lead TetraEthyl and MTBEhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/leadtet/leadh.htm What is OCTANE in Gasoline? (& Octane Booster Explained)youtube.com/watch?v=yRPsfvT8Ucc Here's What 'Compression Ratio' Actually Means And Why It Mattersjalopnik.com/heres-what-compression-ratio-actually-means-and-why-it-1819723873 Watch Out For ‘Regular’ Cars That Need Premium Fuelforbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2020/05/05/watch-out-for-regular-cars-that-need-premium-fuel/?sh=1c27bbf63abc Does Higher Compression Mean More Power? Yes, and Here’s Why.motortrend.com/how-to/compression-ratio-means-more-power Fuel Economy - Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyfueleconomy.gov/feg/PowerSearch.do?action=PowerSearch&year1=2018&year2=2019&minmsrpsel=0&maxmsrpsel=0&city=0&highway=0&combined=0&cbftmidgasoline=Midgrade+Gasoline&YearSel=2018-2019&MakeSel=&MarClassSel=&FuelTypeSel=Midgrade+Gasoline&VehTypeSel=&TranySel=&DriveTypeSel=&CylindersSel=&MpgSel=000&sortBy=Comb&Units=&url=SearchServlet&opt=new&minmsrp=0&maxmsrp=0&minmpg=&maxmpg=&rowLimit=10 What Is Midgrade Gas?blog.consumerguide.com/what-is-midgrade-gascnet.com/roadshow/news/the-myth-of-midgrade-gasocregister.com/2020/11/06/why-do-gas-stations-insist-on-offering-mid-grade-octane
How is Climate Change Affecting Hibernation Patterns of Animals? Reactions 2022-01-26 | Think hibernation is just a nap bears take during the wintertime? It’s way more complicated–and climate based. With climate change happening, how will hibernating animals be affected and will animals who don’t hibernate now begin to? You might also like:We Made Pop Rocks at Home with Science:youtu.be/VKKltJy_vck Why Don’t Antarctic Fish Freeze to Death?:youtu.be/k4gKYyXgX5g Can You Cryogenically Freeze Your Body and Come Back to Life?:youtu.be/Wk2NxBYCe6s Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY The Loneliest Whale:youtu.be/L7mTZAhCeyA Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDSarah Mohr, YaleElena Gracheva, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Sources:What is hibernation?annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-012820-095945nature.discoveryplace.org/blog/ask-a-naturalist-hibernation-vs.-brumation-vs.-estivation#:~:text=Brumation%20is%20known%20as%20the%20hibernation%20for%20cold%2Dblooded%20animals.&text=Their%20activity%2C%20body%20temperature%2C%20heart,do%20not%20move%20at%20allFat tailed lemursnature.com/articles/429825aDOI 10.1007/s00360-002-0300-1https://lemur.duke.edu/discover/meet-the-lemurs/fat-tailed-dwarf-lemur/What is metabolism?livescience.com/metabolismHow does metabolism change in hibernation?karger.com/Article/Pdf/228829karger.com/Article/Pdf/228829Metabolism geneticspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15506953academic.oup.com/gbe/article/8/8/2413/2198153academic.oup.com/biohorizons/article/doi/10.1093/biohorizons/hzy002/4969915pnas.org/content/pnas/89/15/7119.full.pdf nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31506-2Examples of climate change affecting hibernationacademic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham/scientist-charts-effects-of-climate-change-on-hibernating-chipmunks/https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham/scientist-charts-effects-of-climate-change-on-hibernating-chipmunks/researchgate.net/publication/236230921_The_Relationship_between_Climate_Warming_and_Hibernation_in_Mammalsacademic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539?login=trueExamples of warmer temps increasing hibernationsciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120808132707.htmresearchgate.net/publication/232694352_Population_and_habitat_relationships_of_Piute_ground_squirrels_in_southwest_Idahoonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/een.13081
What is an Electron? Reactions 2022-01-12 | You learned what an electron is in school… or DID YOU? You probably learned that it’s a “negatively charged particle” but there’s *so* much more to these weird, wild little particles than that. #electrons #atoms #theoreticalchemistry You might also like:How Can You See an Atom?:youtube.com/watch?v=ipzFnGRfsfE&t=1s How Oxygen Masks Brought Down a Plane:youtu.be/KejaV70RWPk What Are Isotopes? | Chemistry Basics:youtube.com/watch?v=GyviEsmrVp0 Forever Chemicals:youtu.be/tqKEG5LxPiY Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway):youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: George ZaidanScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDMichael E. Peskin, PhD Paul Lujan, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Sources:Interview with Michael Peskin PhDbbvaopenmind.com/en/science/physics/how-to-film-an-electron-the-chemistry-of-the-improbabletheguardian.com/science/2014/apr/05/einstein-equation-emc2-special-relativity-alok-jhanature.com/articles/nature10104nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25932-6.pdfhttps://engineering.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/04/researchers-measure-breakup-single-chemical-bond wired.com/story/how-did-people-find-the-fundamental-charge-with-drops-of-oil sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211004203433.htm u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/press/z0508_00117.html frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.00213/full#h12 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/molecule/NaCl.html#c1https://web1.eng.famu.fsu.edu/~dommelen/quantum/style_a/pr.html
We Made Pop Rocks at Home with Science Reactions 2021-12-29 | Pop Rocks are just sugar and high-pressure CO2, but making them at home is way harder than it looks. In this video, we use three different methods to try and capture carbon dioxide in sugar: a middle-school chemical reaction, a state transition, and biological production!Pop Rocks® is a registered trademark of Zeta Espacial S.A.; ACS is not affiliated with Zeta Espacial S.A. To learn more about Pop Rocks®, visit www.pop-rocks.com.You might also like:I Created an Oil Spill in My House:youtu.be/n2761go6OYg Extracting Gold from Seawater:youtu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why:youtube.com/watch?v=I1YLPfSuNXY Science of Concrete & the Surfside Condo Collapse:youtu.be/4Nr3w1BQE18 Better Pizza Through Chemistry:youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDLeila Duman, PhD Richard Hartel, PhD Sources:How much pressure is inside a pop rock:mentalfloss.com/article/525313/what-makes-pop-rocks-pop allsensors.com/blog/tag/champagne/#:~:text=Depending%20on%20the%20wine%20and,proper%20precautions%20are%20not%20taken.Pop rocks were originally invented to be an instant soda:youtube.com/watch?v=Fo8QwdhrIv4 Enzymes on your tongue convert CO2 into protons:scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/carbonation-has-a-taste-09-10-16/; ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3654389 Your tongue detects CO2 as sour:wired.com/2009/10/your-tongue-the-carbon-dioxide-sensorWhy do we like carbonated foods? popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/fyi-carbonated-water-addictive Claire Saffitz Makes Pop Rocksbonappetit.com/video/watch/gourmet-makes-pastry-chef-attempts-to-make-gourmet-pop-rocks Citric Acid and Baking Soda Reaction:acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/outreach/kidschemistry/chemical-reaction-kids-and-chemistry-kit-teacher-guide.pdf Fizzy Fruit recipe:youtube.com/watch?v=So4ZrzBkJsAYeast produce CO2scientificamerican.com/article/single-celled-science-yeasty-beasties/#:~:text=When%20yeasts%20eat%20sugar%20and,process%20is%20known%20as%20fermentation.&text=When%20salt%2C%20baking%20soda%20or,when%20only%20sugar%20was%20used. What temperature kills yeast? google.com/search?q=what+temp+kills+yeast&oq=what+temp+kills+yeast&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30l9.3979j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#:~:text=Yeast%20Kill%20%7C%20Baking,processes%20%E2%80%BA%20yeast-kill
I Ate Gold To Prove a Point Reactions 2021-12-22 | Why are some heavy metals deadly while others keep us alive? Check out Tiny Matters, a new science podcast from the American Chemical Society, hosted and produced by former Reactions writer and host Sam Jones:Apple Podcasts: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tiny-matters/id1599757941Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/5bfRJU0XPaGKJ7Os4vJQFkStitcher: stitcher.com/show/tiny-mattersAudible: audible.com/pd/Podcast/B08JJMYZ3QAnd to help us get Tiny Matters on the charts, please follow, rate and subscribe! We appreciate your support!#chemistry #foodchemistry #goldleafYou might also like:How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empireyoutu.be/4k7CvSiomlAHow Do Blacksmiths Make Swords?youtu.be/Y_43_u9u_Ag We Tried to Preserve a Strawberry Forever. Things Got…Ugly:youtu.be/E25TcUUjqDU Extracting Gold From Seawateryoutube.com/watch?v=j5eomDz4Z0EBetter Pizza Through Chemistry:youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Adam Blumenberg, MDLeila Duman, PhDJuewen Liu, PhD Brianne Raccor, PhD Sources:Lab safety guide (dimethylmercury):https://www.ehs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/lab_safety_guideline_dimethylmercury.pdfIron and folate in fortified cerealspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11444421Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metalsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427717 How to extract iron from cerealsciencefocus.com/science/how-to-extract-iron-from-cerealGet the Iron out—of Your Breakfast Cerealscientificamerican.com/article/get-the-iron-out-of-your-breakfast-cereal-bring-science-homeHemochromatosismayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443Type 2 diabetes and the role of body iron storesjournals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0004563216646397Gold nanoparticles inside cells are not inert, say researchersphysicsworld.com/a/gold-nanoparticles-inside-cells-are-not-inert-say-researchers Zincods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-ConsumerIntroductory Chapter: Introducing Heavy Metalsintechopen.com/chapters/59857 Methylmercury, an environmental electrophile capable of activation and disruption of the Akt/CREB/Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway in SH-SY5Y cellsnature.com/articles/srep28944 Antioxidants Mediate Both Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stressncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537786Mercury in the environmentwww2.usgs.gov/themes/factsheet/146-00A Tribute to Karen Wetterhahnhttps://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/about-us/a-tribute-to-karen-wetterhahn/Mercury Factsheetcdc.gov/biomonitoring/Mercury_FactSheet.htmlAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)atsdr.cdc.gov Environmental Mercury and Its Toxic Effectsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988285Methylmercury Impact on Adult Neurogenesis: Is the Worst Yet to Come From Recent Brazilian Environmental Disasters?frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.591601/full Methylmercury Exposure and Health Effectsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514465 Delayed Cerebellar Disease and Death after Accidental Exposure to Dimethylmercurynejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199806043382305Enhancing mineral bioavailability from cereals: Current strategies and future perspectivesncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174934 Find us on all these places: Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions Facebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactions Twitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactions Instagram! instagram.com/acsreactions
How Do Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work? Reactions 2021-12-08 | Each year, PBS Digital Studios conducts an audience survey. It helps us understand what you like and what you would want to see more of. You also get to help PBS pick new shows! It only takes a few minutes but your feedback is extremely valuable to us: to.pbs.org/2022Survey Hydrogen fuel cell cars seem great: hydrogen and oxygen in, nothing but water out. But if that hydrogen comes from dirty, carbon-emission spewing power plants, your sustainable car might not be so green after all. #fuelcell #electriccars #emissionsYou might also like:Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY How Do Airbags Work?:youtu.be/Y2sjYOGSV7E How Air Conditioning Works:youtu.be/PT38gaGciP4 How Carbon Capture Works:youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk Bomb Sniffing Military Dog vs. Machine (and Sam):youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJay B. Benziger, PhD Leila Duman, PhD Sources: How internal combustion engines workenergy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/internal-combustion-engine-basics#:~:text=The%20engine%20consists%20of%20a,in%20turn%20rotates%20the%20crankshaft.&text=After%20the%20piston%20compresses%20the,piston%20during%20the%20power%20stroke. caranddriver.com/features/a26962316/how-a-car-works energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/internal-combustion-engine-basics#:~:text=The%20engine%20consists%20of%20a,in%20turn%20rotates%20the%20crankshaft.&text=After%20the%20piston%20compresses%20the,piston%20during%20the%20power%20stroke. Hydrogen combustion engineswww1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm03r0.pdf motorauthority.com/news/1132103_could-hydrogen-keep-the-internal-combustion-engine-alive Fuel cell chemistryafdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-fuel-cell-electric-cars-work Natural gas reformingenergy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-natural-gas-reforming 96% of hydrogen made from fossil fuelsonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ese3.956 The production of hydrogen for all kinds of industries, not just fuel cells, is responsible for 830 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/hydrogen Energy production more efficient at a central plantforbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2018/08/19/myths-and-shibboleths-about-electric-vehicles-the-long-tailpipe-theory/#:~:text=The%20reason%20is%20as%20simple,the%20efficiency%20of%20these%20vehicles.&text=An%20internal%20combustion%20engine%20in,energy%20simply%20lost%20as%20heat. EV more efficient than fuel celltheconversation.com/hydrogen-cars-wont-overtake-electric-vehicles-because-theyre-hampered-by-the-laws-of-science-139899 Benefits of hydrogen powered carslexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1bf1cbf0-ac2f-4b39-a3de-2df77a9a515e Green methods of producing hydrogenhttp://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/hydrogen/basics/production-solar.htm#:~:text=Pigments%20in%20algae%20absorb%20solar,water%20splitting%20using%20thermochemical%20steps energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-photoelectrochemical-water-splitting What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3
How Oxygen Masks Brought Down a Plane Reactions 2021-11-24 | The same safety feature that gives you oxygen during an airplane emergency caused a plane to crash in 1996. How did something meant to keep you safe end up killing over 100 people?#planecrash #oxygenmask #oxygengenerator You might also like:How can fertilizer explode?youtube.com/watch?v=-SeT3N3A19c Chemtrailsyoutube.com/watch?v=ZonPvpgcBc0 What could an explosion on the sun do here on earth?youtube.com/watch?v=i7mZBaleCFE How did climate change help turn the sky orange?youtube.com/watch?v=foeLC08-nrk What causes auroras (and where you should see them)youtube.com/watch?v=8S_LPFOa-zs Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Alex Dainis, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJohn Graf, PhD Brianne Raccor, PhD Sources:Background on the disastercoffeytriallaw.com/valujet-flight-592-miami-flAmount of oxygen at 30,000 feetmilehightraining.com/altitude-to-oxygen-chart Size and shape of chemical oxygen generatorslessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2 youtube.com/watch?v=_MTgo_1pwKQ Canister componentsdarylariawan.com/writing/2019/3/26/truth-behind-planes-oxygen-masks#:~:text=Above%20every%20row%20of%20seats,less%20than%201%25%20potassium%20perchlorate . ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9706.pdf Decomposition reactionscience.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/question258.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20an%20oxygen%20canister%20contains,of%20the%20reaction%20sustains%20itself. NTSB accident report ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9706.pdf How airplane oxygen generators workhttps://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Chemical_Oxygen_Generators Why the O2 mask might smell smokeyusatoday.com/story/travel/columnist/cox/2019/09/27/ask-captain-why-have-bag-oxygen-system-if-wont-inflate/3772763002/#:~:text=Answer%3A%20The%20design%20of%20passenger,is%20a%20continuous%20flow%20design.&text=During%20the%20time%20when%20you,fully%20inflate%20during%20this%20process. The role of barium peroxide in chemical oxygen generatorspubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00017a028 Amount of oxygen generatedlessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2 Oxygen candle use on submarines and ISS youtube.com/watch?v=g3Ud6mHdhlQ space.com/1099-space-station-crew-ignite-oxygen-generating-candles.html FAA Accident lessons learnedlessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2 Contractor found guilty, mechanic still on the runnytimes.com/1999/12/07/us/contractor-found-guilty-in-trial-on-valujet-crash.html#:~:text=SabreTech%20Inc.%2C%20the%20aircraft%20maintenance,improperly%20handling%20the%20hazardous%20materials .clickorlando.com/news/local/2021/05/11/25-years-since-deadly-valujet-592-crash-an-airline-mechanic-remains-on-the-run ; fbi.gov/news/stories/new-reward-for-fugitive-in-1996-valujet-crash-040518 Oxygen jar experiment pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed076p914 Fire melted aluminum componentswashingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/27/valujet-cabin-fire-melted-aluminum/a8ed401f-cbee-4f95-aa75-c17100521224 Safety regulations changed after the crash wtsp.com/article/news/regional/florida/valujet-crash-change-air-safety-regulations/67-5c3235c1-0578-4806-a07f-73d273787d40
Extracting Gold from Seawater Reactions 2021-11-10 | Take the PBS Digital Studios audience survey: to.pbs.org/2021surveyThe ocean has around 700 trillion dollars worth of gold in it and Sam’s going to try to get (some of) it.#gold #mining #OceanChemistryYou might also like:I Created an Oil Spill in My House:youtu.be/n2761go6OYg Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?:youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable—and Should We?:youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE How Seashells Are Made:youtu.be/iUeMxjkSPyM Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDLeila Duman, PhDWesley Farrell, PhDKelly K. Falkner, PhD Wendy L. Queen, PhDSources:Gold in seawater sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0012821X9090060B?via%3DihubIs there gold in the ocean?oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/gold.htmlThere’s gold in seawater but we can’t get to itatlasobscura.com/articles/gold-ocean-sea-hoax-science-water-boom-rush-treasureNew England Gold Hoax of 1898: Greed Meets Moxienewenglandhistoricalsociety.com/new-england-gold-hoax-1898 Extraction of gold from seawaternature.com/articles/148171b0.pdf Patent design for extracting gold from seawaterpatents.google.com/patent/US679215A/en'Sunbeams from cucumbers': an early twentieth-century gold-from-seawater extraction scheme in northern New South Walesjstor.org/stable/29544589Prescott Jernegan and the Gold from Seawater Swindlemvtimes.com/2012/07/25/prescott-jernegan-gold-from-seawater-swindle-11663Chemistry: Mining the Seahttp://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,871061,00.htmlScientists invent method to extract gold from liquid wastebigthink.com/surprising-science/extracting-gold-from-liquid-waste?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1$771 Trillion Worth Of Gold Lies Hidden In The Ocean: Good Luck Getting Itforbes.com/sites/trevornace/2017/09/15/771-trillion-worth-gold-hidden-ocean/?sh=61cc3fcb23d3Germany’s Post-World War I Scheme to Extract Gold from Watergizmodo.com/germany-s-post-world-war-i-scheme-to-extract-gold-from-499793752 Science: Gold in sea water – not enough to get richnewscientist.com/article/mg12717242-800-science-gold-in-sea-water-not-enough-to-get-rich Diving into the History of Seabed Miningedgeeffects.net/seabed-mining Rapid, Selective Extraction of Trace Amounts of Gold from Complex Water Mixtures with a Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)/Polymer Compositepubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b09555Metal-organic frameworksciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metal-organic-frameworksUranium removal from seawater by means of polymeric fabrics grafted with diallyl oxalate through a single-step, solvent-free processncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927380 Optimizing and evaluating the operational factors affecting the cyanide leaching circuit of the Aghdareh gold processing plant using a CCD modelroyalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2015.0681#:~:text=Gold%20cyanidation%20follows%20an%20electrochemical
I Created an Oil Spill in My House Reactions 2021-10-27 | Bacteria are often painted as our adversaries, but when it comes to oil spills, toxic chemicals, and radioactive waste, they could be what save us from ourselves.#microbes #bacteria #oilspills You might also like:How Carbon Capture Works:youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk Is There Plastic in My Rain?:youtu.be/HUAaurZKi6U Forever Chemicals:youtu.be/tqKEG5LxPiY How Do We Fight the California Fires?:youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8 The Science of How Life Started:youtu.be/f44OWlsLeT0 Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDPaige Novak, PhD, Brianne Raccor, PhD Gemma Reguera, PhDSources:Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spillepa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spillBacteria used to clean at-home oil spill (video demo)grainger.com/product/ULTRATECH-Product-Type-Granular-Oil-6XMG7 We still don’t know all of the impacts of the BP oil spillnationalgeographic.com/science/article/bp-oil-spill-still-dont-know-effects-decade-laterAdaptive synthesis of a rough lipopolysaccharide in Geobacter sulfurreducens for metal reduction and detoxificationjournals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00964-21A review in the current developments of genus Dehalococcoides, its consortia and kinetics for bioremediation options of contaminated groundwatersciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468203917301668Degradation of Deepwater Horizon oil buried in a Florida beach influenced by tidal pumpingsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X17309037?via%3Dihub Diverse, rare microbial taxa responded to the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea hydrocarbon plumenature.com/articles/ismej2015121 Computer modeling could help chlorine-hungry bacteria break down toxic wastehttps://news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/06/helping-chlorine-eating-bacteria-clean-toxic-wasteHow Microbes Clean Up Our Environmental Messespopularmechanics.com/science/environment/a7176/how-microbes-will-clean-up-our-messes Extracellular reduction of uranium via Geobacter conductive pili as a protective cellular mechanismpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21896750Characterization of mercury bioremediation by transgenic bacteria expressing metallothionein and polyphosphate kinasebmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6750-11-82 It looks like microbes can help clean up mining pollutionmassivesci.com/articles/microbes-pollution-mining-cleanup Breathing' bacteria clean up toxic waste: Civil engineering professor Paige Novak and her colleagues rise to the challengehttps://cse.umn.edu/college/feature-stories/breathing-bacteria-clean-toxic-waste Microbial communities clean toxic waste and generate useful chemicalshttps://biodesign.asu.edu/news/microbial-communities-clean-toxic-waste-and-generate-useful-chemicals Deepwater Horizon and the Rise of the Omicseos.org/features/deepwater-horizon-and-the-rise-of-the-omics These bacteria clean up radioactive wastehttps://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2021/bacteria-clean-up-radioactive-waste Cleaning Up Electronic Waste (E-Waste)epa.gov/international-cooperation/cleaning-electronic-waste-e-waste Risk Management for Trichloroethylene (TCE)epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-management-trichloroethylene-tce Meet the Microbes Eating the Gulf Oil Spill [Slide Show]scientificamerican.com/slideshow/gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show Radiation-eating bacteria could make nuclear waste safernewscientist.com/article/mg23431211-300-radiation-eating-bacteria-could-make-nuclear-waste-safer Electrified Bacterial Filaments Remove Uranium from Groundwaterscientificamerican.com/article/electrified-bacterial-remove-uranium-groundwater Molecular structure of different petroleum hydrocarbon representatives researchgate.net/figure/Molecular-structure-of-different-petroleum-hydrocarbon-representatives_fig1_316965728Anaerobic Oxidation of Ethane, Propane, and Butane by Marine Microbes: A Mini Reviewfrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02056/fullPetroleum Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria for the Remediation of Oil Pollution Under Aerobic Conditions: A Perspective Analysisfrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02885/full
Death and Decomposition Reactions 2021-10-13 | Are humans destroying the circle of life? #decomposition #death #burial #ecosystem Check out episode 1 of Vitals! youtu.be/xus08qnUxPEYou might also like:The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill You:youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8 Can You Cryogenically Freeze Your Body and Come Back to Life?youtu.be/Wk2NxBYCe6s How to Dispose of a Dead Body:youtu.be/1C0AF_y_Ms8 We Tried to Preserve a Strawberry Forever. Things Got…Ugly:youtu.be/E25TcUUjqDU What Happens When You Overdose?:youtu.be/xLSz3wEgwJ8 Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverAndy AdkinsWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDAndy AdkinsScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSasha Voss, PhDDanny Wescott, PhDSources:Identifying human diamine sensors for death related putrescine and cadaverine moleculesncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783396 Putrescine and cadaverine rsc.org/images/TM0512-putrescine-cadaverine_tcm18-221656.pdfBiochemistry Changes That Occur after Death: Potential Markers for Determining Post-Mortem Intervalncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836773/#:~:text=An%20early%20study%20reported%20that,by%2096%20hours%20post%2Dmortem. A greener way to go: what’s the most eco-friendly way to dispose of a body?theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jul/09/greener-way-to-go-eco-friendly-way-dispose-of-body-burial-cremationMore People Want a Green Burial, but Cemetery Law Hasn’t Caught Uppewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2019/11/20/more-people-want-a-green-burial-but-cemetery-law-hasnt-caught-up#:~:text=While%20no%20state%20laws%20explicitly,burial%20to%20gain%20a%20foothold.Thinking About Having a ‘Green’ Funeral? Here’s What to Knownytimes.com/2018/03/22/smarter-living/green-funeral-burial-environment.htmlScientists search for death’s aromacen.acs.org/articles/94/i14/Scientists-search-deaths-aroma.htmlRecycling the deadsciencenewsforstudents.org/article/recycling-deadDecomposersscienceworld.ca/resource/decomposersLife after death: the science of human decompositiontheguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2015/may/05/life-after-deathModeling a cadaver decomp island http://www.mat.ucm.es/momat/2010-05-11NadiaSmithRepotOxfordCadaver.pdfThe science of human decayvox.com/2014/10/28/7078151/body-farm-texas-freeman-ranch-decayCadaver decomposition in terrestrial ecosystemspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091303Human versus animal: contrasting decomposition dynamics of mammalian analogues in experimental taphonomypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23550805The Chemistry Decomposition in Human Corpsesresearchgate.net/publication/318772231_The_Chemistry_Decomposition_in_Human_CorpsesPostmortem Changesncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539741Burial & cremation rates in USnfda.org/news/statistics#:~:text=Rates%20of%20Cremation%20and%20Burial,up%208.1%25%20from%202015).
Science of Concrete & the Surfside Condo Collapse Reactions 2021-09-15 | Even earthquakes aren’t supposed to bring down concrete buildings. So how did the Surfside Condominium—a modern building built in 1981—fail?You might also like:How Can Fertilizer Explode?youtube.com/watch?v=-SeT3N3A19c Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?:youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY The Great MOLASSES Flood of 1919:youtu.be/iMPGm3OSvMg How Carbon Capture Works:youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Laurence Vuckovic Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverElaine Seward Host: George ZaidanSam Jones, PhDWriter: Andrew Sobey Scientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDMaria Juenger, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Sources:Champlain Towers structural field survey:townofsurfsidefl.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/town-clerk-documents/champlain-towers-south-public-records/8777-collins-ave---structural-field-survey-report.pdf?sfvrsn=882a1194_2Quotes from the top half of pg 7:"failed waterproofing is causing major structural damage""concrete slab is not sloped to drain... This is a major error in the development of the original contract documents prepared by [the architects]"Ex-Maintenance Manager for Surfside Condo That Collapsed Recalls Saltwater Intrusionweb.archive.org/web/20210629225013/newsweek.com/ex-maintenance-manager-surfside-condo-that-collapsed-recalls-saltwater-intrusion-1604508Composition and density of nanoscale calcium–silicate–hydrate in cementnature.com/articles/nmat1871Steel Corrosionsciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/steel-corrosion‘The building was in OK shape.’ The upscale condo near Miami Beach still collapsed.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article252325063.html
Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds? Reactions 2021-09-01 | There might be a quadrillion tons of diamonds 100 miles below Earth’s surface. But the furthest we’ve traveled is 7 miles down, so how could we know that? #diamonds #seismicwaves #earthYou might also like:The Chemical Origins of Lifeyoutube.com/watch?v=f44OWlsLeT0 How Do We Know How Old the Earth Is?youtu.be/7cFYPYaD4zQ Salt, Diamonds and DNA: 5 Surprising Facts About Crystalsyoutu.be/urq8SuPMZ_w Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJoshua Garber, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhD Suzette Timmerman, PhDSources:Multidisciplinary Constraints on the Abundance of Diamond and Eclogite in the Cratonic Lithosphereagupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GC007534Diamondiferous garnet harzburgites from the Finsch kimberlite, Northern Cape, South Africalink.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00310887 Earthquakes and the Earth's internal structureamnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet-earth/why-are-there-ocean-basins-continents-and-mountains/plate-tectonics/earthquakes-and-the-earth-s-internal-structureUnderstanding Earth’s interiorcourses.lumenlearning.com/geophysical/chapter/understanding-earths-interiorHow we know what lies at Earth’s corehttp://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150814-what-is-at-the-centre-of-earthDiamonds Unearthedsmithsonianmag.com/science-nature/diamonds-unearthed-141629226 Seismic waveshttps://topex.ucsd.edu/es10/es10.1997/lectures/lecture20/secs.with.pics/node3.htmlMost diamonds share a common origin storysciencenews.org/article/most-diamonds-share-common-origin-storyMetastability of diamond ramp-compressed to 2 terapascalsnature.com/articles/s41586-020-03140-4.epdf?sharing_token=upSwbPHhx_HxaQigxdCP_9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0M6LLrOYqAnbf2oqumzx__KT0aNTBUaZAyxpwikI8fH8pWQKL31NAilWtIQa2CU2p7tECnWhK7W3i6RStSb1HezJFrEgMYD1ziBITScJT58aYC1vYaIQ0AmyInnUoPah7E9xjJ5km11mT07PmUF2VP4z2YV_Dok9BXJsEXxIern0HCnpDJYN0PfXbGXhxmjHqU%3D&tracking_referrer=www.sciencenews.orgRare Diamond Confirms That Earth's Mantle Holds an Ocean's Worth of Waterscientificamerican.com/article/rare-diamond-confirms-that-earths-mantle-holds-an-oceans-worth-of-waterDiamonds show depth extent of Earth's carbon cyclephys.org/news/2011-09-diamonds-depth-extent-earth-carbon.htmlA quadrillion tons of diamonds lurk deep within Earthnationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-earth-diamonds-gems-rare-minerals-earthquakesHope diamond formed stunningly close to Earth's corelivescience.com/hope-cullinan-diamonds-deep-origins.htmlEarth’s layersspace.com/17777-what-is-earth-made-of.html
Why is There Plastic in Our Rain? Reactions 2021-08-18 | Every year more than 1,000 tons of plastic rains down onto national parks and wilderness in the western U.S. Where does that plastic come from? And is it also in rain that falls on Washington, DC?#microplastic #pollution #plasticrainYou might also like:How Plastic Recycling Actually Works:youtu.be/zO3jFKiqmHo Can Plastic Be Composted?:youtu.be/Q02Xi7S5PTM Cellulose: From Trees to Explosivesyoutube.com/watch?v=6KRl0lg7XmQHow Do We Fight the California Fires?:youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8 Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDLeila Duman, PhDChristine Knauss, PhDJesse Meiller, PhDAlterra Sanchez, PhDSources:Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdfWhat are microplastics? oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.htmlMarine debris fact sheetmarinedebris.noaa.gov/fact-sheets/microplastic-marine-debris-fact-sheet Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: a reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34226995 Time to Safeguard the Future Generations from the Omnipresent Microplasticspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34223933 Microplastics and human health science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6530/672Synthetically engineered microbial scavengers for enhanced bioremediationpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34218189Microplastics in the soil-groundwater environment: Aging, migration, and co-transport of contaminants - A critical reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34186423The potential effects of microplastics on human health: What is known and what is unknownpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34185251A review on occurrence, characteristics, toxicology and treatment of nanoplastic waste in the environmentpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34173146Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential health repercussions of micro- and nanoplasticspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34162123Plastic Rain Is the New Acid Rainwired.com/story/plastic-rain-is-the-new-acid-rainPlastic Rain: More Than 1,000 Tons Of Microplastic Rain Onto Western USearthsky.org/earth/microplastic-rain-western-usPlastic rain in protected areas of the United Statesscience.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1257Microplastics are raining down from the skynationalgeographic.com/environment/article/microplastics-pollution-falls-from-air-even-mountainsForget acid rain. Plastic rain is now falling across the U.S.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/12/plastic-rain-now-falling-across-u-s-new-study-found/3174549001It's raining plastic: microscopic fibers fall from the sky in Rocky Mountainstheguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/12/raining-plastic-colorado-usgs-microplastics‘It is raining plastic’: Scientists find colorful microplastic in raincnn.com/2019/08/14/health/plastic-rain-colorado-trnd/index.htmlImari Walker on microplasticshttps://today.duke.edu/2020/09/imari-walker-mission-protect-our-health-microplasticsDuke’s Imari Walker Uses YouTube to Explain Dangers of Plastic Water Bottles in Entertaining Fashionsullivanfdn.org/imari-walkerQuantification of Microplastics and Microfibers on U.S. National Park Beachesmarinedebris.noaa.gov/research/quantification-microplastics-and-microfibers-us-national-park-beachesThe microplastics crisis: you are the first responderhttps://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/microplastics-crisis/In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and duration of human pregnancy.ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.6202Bisphenol A (BPA)niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa/index.cfmEffects of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical DDT on Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cellsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286277
We Tried to Preserve a Strawberry Forever. Things Got…Ugly Reactions 2021-08-04 | To learn more about preservatives, check out George’s book http://www.rebrand.ly/IngredientsYou’ve heard of the epoxy hot dog, but how about the epoxy strawberry? On this week’s episode we’re going to try to make a strawberry last forever. #preservatives #epoxyhotdog #epoxystrawberryYou might also like:The Science of Kombuchayoutube.com/watch?v=YxARRckS9dAAre Food Calories Bulloney?youtube.com/watch?v=ahvE5kuWcpsIs Milk Really the Best Solution to Hot Pepper Heat?youtube.com/watch?v=8R98O29Fs7s&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kVHow Milk Becomes Cheese:youtu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDAndy Hirneisen, MABrianne Raccor, PhDSelina Wang, PhDSpecial thanks to Catie Profaci and the Daneman Lab at UC San DiegoSources:Floor sealer safety data sheethttp://sds.betco.com/sds/BetcoSDS/607.pdfChapter 13 - Mycotoxins in Foods: Mycotoxicoses, Detection, and Managementsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128115152000135The history of preserving food at homehttps://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_preservation_is_as_old_as_mankindSPOILAGE PROBLEMS | Problems Caused by Fungisciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847300003153Embalming products in Death Caresynergist.aiha.org/201903-mortal-exposuresPreserving meat undergroundnorwegianamerican.com/from-preservation-technique-to-delicacy/#:~:text=Burying%20fish%2C%20or%20meat%2C%20in,sand%20to%20keep%20it%20cold.Paraformaldehyde fixativencbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5359366/#:~:text=PFA%20causes%20covalent%20cross%2Dlinks,properties%20of%20the%20cell%20surface.&text=Compared%20to%20an%20unfixed%20cell,entire%20cell%20surface%20%5B11%5D.Pickling at homehttps://nchfp.uga.edu/how/can6b_pickle.htmlThe human skin microbiomenature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157 Find us on all these places: Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions Facebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactions Twitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactions Instagram! instagram.com/acsreactions Tumblr! http://acsreactions.tumblr.com
How Does Sunscreen Work? Can it Really Prevent Wrinkles and Cancer? Reactions 2021-07-21 | To learn more about sunscreen, check out Ingredients at http://www.rebrand.ly/Ingredients Does slathering on sunscreen do anything beyond preventing a sunburn? Can it actually stop us from getting wrinkles or skin cancer? #sunscreen #skincancer #sunburn #wrinklesYou might also like:The World's Most Unavoidable Carcinogen:youtu.be/7ZXvngquyT4 How Do Anti-Wrinkle Creams Work?:youtu.be/2ueEEwg7bck What is Ringworm and How Do You Get Rid of It?:youtu.be/oM3HlbVIw6A How Does Moisturizer Work?:youtu.be/QdNPiW4ZULk What's the Deal with Acne?:youtu.be/KrMbwDil1hc Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDBrian Diffey, PhD Uli Osterwalder, MSBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:Ingredients: The strange chemistry of what we put in us and on uspenguinrandomhouse.com/books/599202/ingredients-by-george-zaidanShedding More Light on Sunscreen Absorptionfda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/shedding-more-light-sunscreen-absorptionFDA advances new proposed regulation to make sure that sunscreens are safe and effectivefda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-advances-new-proposed-regulation-make-sure-sunscreens-are-safe-and-effectiveNew sunscreens and the precautionary principlepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26885870Protein oxidation, UVA and human DNA repairncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4962777 Use of sunscreen and risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29620003 How do the chemicals in sunscreen protect our skin from damagetheconversation.com/how-do-the-chemicals-in-sunscreen-protect-our-skin-from-damage-74355 Sunscreen and Prevention of Skin Agingacpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002?articleid=1691733&UV rayshealthline.com/health/skin/uva-vs-uvb#uv-ray-strengthMechanisms of DNA damage by UV raysnews-medical.net/life-sciences/The-Mechanism-of-DNA-Damage-by-UV-Radiation.aspxSunscreen historyhttps://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2016/05/summer_skin.phpSunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesionssciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584917300382 UVA-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA: a direct photochemical mechanism?pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2010/ob/b924712b#!divAbstract How does sunscreen protect you?yalescientific.org/2012/05/how-does-sunscreen-protect-youTanning and your skinskincancer.org/risk-factors/tanningRisks of tanningfda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/risks-tanningSunscreen and skin cancervox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/25/17500704/sunscreen-skin-cancerThe sunscreen gaphealthline.com/health/black-people-need-sunscreenSkin cancer foundationskincancer.org/blog/photoaging-what-you-need-to-knowGeneration of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanineresearchgate.net/figure/Generation-of-8-oxo-7-8-dihydroguanine-and-its-altered-base-pairing-property-A_fig2_309755347Wait, What’s the Deal With Sunscreen? Does It Work or Not?wired.com/story/whats-deal-with-sunscreen-does-it-work-or-not
How Carbon Capture Works Reactions 2021-07-07 | Elon Musk is shelling out a hundred millions dollars to anyone who can come up with a way of removing CO2 from our atmosphere. Time to win that sweet, sweet carbon capture money.Here’s that very cool carbon dioxide removal and storage proposal we mentioned in the video: pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561#carboncapture #co2 #climatesolutionsYou might also like:Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY How Do We Fight the California Fires?:youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8 How Did Climate Change Help Turn the Sky Orange?:youtu.be/foeLC08-nrk The Chemical Origins of Life:youtu.be/f44OWlsLeT0 Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDPeter Psarras, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:Carbonplan.org carbonplan.orgCarbon Dioxide removal primercdrprimer.orgWeight of Earth’s atmospherebritannica.com/story/how-much-does-earths-atmosphere-weigh#:~:text=The%20total%20mass%20of%20Earth's,one%20millionth%20of%20Earth's%20mass.CO2 emitted each year usgs.gov/faqs/how-much-carbon-dioxide-does-united-states-and-world-emit-each-year-energy-sources?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_productsCarbon capture and storagehttps://www.nap.edu/read/10922/chapter/9#85 CC prizesmassivesci.com/articles/elon-musk-prize-earthshot-bezosElon Musk’s X prizexprize.org/prizes/elonmuskCompressing CO2ascoco2.com/us/co2-production-and-co2-recovery-plants/general-information-about-co2Better carbon capture through chemistrycen.acs.org/articles/93/web/2015/12/Better-Carbon-Capture-Through-Chemistry.htmlvCarbon Capture Technologies Are Improving Nicelyscientificamerican.com/article/carbon-capture-technologies-are-improving-nicelyCarbon capture and storagehttps://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/climate-solutions/carbon-capture-storageCarbon capture and storage 101rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-capture-and-storage-101Carbon capturec2es.org/content/carbon-captureCarbon capture technology has been around for decades — here’s why it hasn’t taken offcnbc.com/2021/01/31/carbon-capture-technology.html Underground storage of carbon captured directly from air—green and economicalphys.org/news/2021-06-underground-storage-carbon-captured-airgreen.htmlWhat is carbon sequestration?usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_productsCarbon capture coalition carboncapturecoalition.orgCarbonate chemistrysciencelearn.org.nz/resources/469-carbonate-chemistryTo Combat Climate Change, Researchers Want to Pull Carbon Dioxide From the Ocean and Turn It Into Rocksmithsonianmag.com/innovation/combat-climate-change-researchers-want-to-pull-carbon-dioxide-from-ocean-and-turn-it-into-rock-180977903IPCC carbon stats https://www.ipcc.ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/Carbon absorbed by treessierraclub.org/sierra/2016-2-march-april/ask-mr-green/how-much-carbon-do-trees-really-storeDaily CO2https://www.co2.earth/daily-co2Saline Water-Based Mineralization Pathway for Gigatonne-Scale CO2 Managementpubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561Running Tide Technologiesnpr.org/2021/03/01/970670565/run-the-oil-industry-in-reverse-fighting-climate-change-by-farming-kelpSaline Aquifershttp://igutek.scripts.mit.edu/terrascope/?page=Saline
How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire Reactions 2021-06-23 | Ancient Rome’s emperors did some pretty bizarre stuff—bursting into uncontrollable fits of laughter, appointing a horse as a priest, dressing in animal skins and attacking people… the list goes on. Why did they act this way? Possibly… lead poisoning. In this week’s episode, we unwrap the possibility that lead caused the Roman Empire’s collapse. You might also like:The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill Youyoutube.com/watch?v=4hQ0G0GaYR8 How Do Blacksmiths Make Swords?:youtu.be/Y_43_u9u_Ag The US Military Gave Out Shark Repellent For Years. . . So Why Did They Stop?youtube.com/watch?v=4u54c7cRAog Are We Breathing Caesar's Last Breath:youtu.be/a4v5U4J373k Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDChristopher Holstege, MDBrianne Raccor, PhDSean Scott, PhDSOURCESWhy ancient Rome kept choosing bizarre and perverted emperorsvox.com/2015/5/7/8564895/crazy-roman-emperors Neuronal Calcium Signaling cell.com/neuron/comments/S0896-6273(00)80510-3The cationic (calcium and lead) and enzyme conundrumpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917763 Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicityncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909981 Lead and Lead Poisoning from Antiquity to Modern Timeshttps://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/23252/V088N3-078.pdf?sequence=1The Exposure of Some Romano-British Populations to Leadjstor.org/stable/26294986?seq=1 Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with leadsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0048969787903664 Enhanced methods for assessment of the trace element composition of Iron Age bone sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969708002350 The first artificial sweetener poisoned lots of Romansgizmodo.com/the-first-artificial-sweetener-poisoned-lots-of-romans-5877587Lead Chemistryrsc.org/periodic-table/element/82/leadWhy lead is dangerous, and the damage it doestheconversation.com/why-lead-is-dangerous-and-the-damage-it-does-116506 Lead poisoning and health https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health Tracking Roman lead sources using lead isotope analysis. A case study from the imperial rural estate at Vagnari (Puglia, Italy)sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X2100033X?via%3DihubLead between the linesnature.com/articles/nchem.1761Lead in ancient Rome’s city waterspnas.org/content/111/18/6594Lead poisoning and the fall of Romewashingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/02/17/lead-poisoning-and-the-fall-of-romeDeadly lead: how lead poisoning affected the Roman Empiresheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/lead-poisoning-roman-empire-research-italy-archaeology-1.740191 Londinium Romans’ blood lead levels so high they may have lowered birth rateschemistryworld.com/news/londinium-romans-blood-lead-levels-so-high-they-may-have-lowered-birth-rates/4010808.article Lead: Versatile Metal, Long Legacyhttps://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/more-metals/lead-versatile-metal-long-legacy/ Ancient Roman Metal Used for Physics Experiments Ignites Science Feudscientificamerican.com/article/ancient-roman-lead-physics-archaeology-controversy ScienceShot: Did Lead Poisoning Bring Down Ancient Rome?sciencemag.org/news/2014/04/scienceshot-did-lead-poisoning-bring-down-ancient-rome#:~:text=Some%20historians%20argue%20that%20lead,and%20hastened%20the%20empire's%20fall.&text=While%20the%20lead%20contamination%20was,major%20culprit%20in%20Rome's%20demise. Elevated lead exposure in Roman occupants of Londinium: New evidence from the archaeological recordonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/arcm.12513 Saturnine Gout among Roman Aristocrats — Did Lead Poisoning Contribute to the Fall of the Empire?nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM198303173081123The deadly biology of lead exposurehttps://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/deadly-biology-lead-exposure/ Former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder Charged In Flint Water Crisisnpr.org/2021/01/13/956592508/new-charges-in-flint-water-crisis-including-former-michigan-gov-rick-snyder
Pub Chemistry Trivia to Help You Interact With Humans Reactions 2021-06-09 | Excited to get back out in the world but worried you’ve forgotten how to talk to other humans? We have some chemistry trivia to help ease you back in.#trivia #chemistry++ Note: A viewer pointed out (thank you Ryan Herold!) that we said pickle fermentation produces vinegar (acetic acid) but it actually produces lactic acid. Acetic acid is also a product of fermentation, just not the same fermentation involved in pickling.You might also like:Will It Kombucha?youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA Are Food Calories Bulloney?youtube.com/watch?v=ahvE5kuWcps COVID, One Year Later: What Do We Know Now?youtu.be/41l4DBdK7Bw The Ultimate Coffee Roasting Chemistry Throwdownyoutu.be/4Wey8GSglkw Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDMatt Hartings, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:‘Sniffing out’ fruity thiols in hoppy beers acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2021/acs-presspac-january-6-2021/sniffing-out-fruity-thiols-in-hoppy-beers.htmlFor A Proper Pretzel Crust, Count On Chemistry And Memoriesnpr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/08/09/338591194/for-a-proper-pretzel-crust-count-on-chemistry-and-memories#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20the,small%20sugars%20and%20amino%20acids. Food chemists uncover the secrets behind pretzels’ unique scentcen.acs.org/environment/food-science/Food-chemists-uncover-secrets-behind/97/i25 Cracking open the mystery of how many bubbles are in a glass of beer acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2021/acs-presspac-april-21-2021/cracking-open-the-mystery-of-how-many-bubbles-are-in-a-glass-of-beer.htmlHopshopculture.com/what-are-hopsThe chemistry of cocktail foamcompoundchem.com/2016/04/18/shtb-foamsMolecular mixed drinks viralnova.com/molecular-mixology
Does Sugar Cause Diabetes? Reactions 2021-05-26 | If you have diabetes, you have way too much sugar in your bloodstream. So does eating a lot of sugar cause it? #diabetes #bloodsugar #insulin You might also like:Are Food Calories Bull-oney?:youtu.be/ahvE5kuWcps How Much Candy Would Kill You?:youtu.be/RNOycTzN-fg What's the Difference Between Sugar and High Fructose Corn Syrup?:youtu.be/fXMvregmU1g Do Ketogenic Diets Really Work?:youtu.be/nU07pvKK7nw How to Stay Awake Without Caffeine:youtu.be/SvEQBURrPow Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Thomas Delong, PhD Leila Duman, PhDPeter Havel, DVM, PhDKatie Page, MDBrianne Raccor, PhDKimber Stanhope, PhDSources:Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fractionbmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3576Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetescare.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/11/2477 A Prospective Study of Sugar Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Womencare.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/26/4/1008.full.pdfGestational diabetesdiabetes.org/diabetes/gestational-diabetes/how-will-this-impact-my-babyType 2 diabetescdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.htmlDiabetesmayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444Visceral fat and diabetesdiabetes.co.uk/body/visceral-fat.htmlGestational diabetesmayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339Symptoms & Causes of Diabetesniddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causesSugar and diabetesdiabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/eating-with-diabetes/food-groups/sugar-and-diabetesDoes eating too much sugar cause diabetes?chicagocaresdpp.org/does-eating-too-much-sugar-cause-diabetesWhy too much sugar is bad for youhealthline.com/nutrition/too-much-sugarDoes sugar cause diabetes?healthline.com/nutrition/does-sugar-cause-diabetes#bottom-lineBelly fat promotes diabeteshttps://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/belly-fat-promotes-diabetes-under-orders-liver#:~:text=The%20fat%20that%20builds%20up,determining%20what%20causes%20the%20inflammation.Sugar and diabetespcrm.org/news/blog/does-sugar-cause-diabetesReiser, S., et al., Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. II. Effect on fasting blood insulin, glucose, and glucagon and on insulin and glucose response to a sucrose load. Am J Clin Nutr, 1979. 32(11): p. 2206-16. Hallfrisch, J., et al., Effects of dietary fructose on plasma glucose and hormone responses in normal and hyperinsulinemic men. J Nutr, 1983. 113(9): p. 1819-26.Reiser, S., et al., Serum insulin and glucose in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose. Am J Clin Nutr, 1981. 34(11): p. 2348-58.Schwarz, J.M., et al., Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(6): p. 2434-42.Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, Sze L, Murer SB, Tappy L, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano T, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1322-34.
We 🔥Burned🔥 Food to Figure Out How Many Calories It Has Reactions 2021-05-12 | Did you know that a calorie label only has to be accurate within twenty percent? It’s a wide margin, but it exists for a reason: calories are complicated.You might also like:Why Doesn’t Banana Candy Taste Like Banana?:youtu.be/zECg-21dYLI Will It Kombucha?:youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA Is Milk Really the Best Solution to Hot Pepper Heat?:youtu.be/8R98O29Fs7s The Ultimate Coffee Roasting Chemistry Throwdown:youtu.be/4Wey8GSglkw #calories #nutrition #dietCredits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDJanet Novotny, PhDJoshua Petimar, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:Energy in pistachiospubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21733319Baer D J, Gebauer SK, Novotny JA. Measured energy value of pistachios in the human diet. Br J Nutr 2012; 107 (1):120-5. Energy in almondspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22760558Novotny JA, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ. Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96 (2):296-301. Energy in walnutspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581681Baer DJ, Gebauer SK, Novotny JA. Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors. J Nutr 2016; 146 (1):9-13. Energy in different forms of almondspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27713968Gebauer SK, Novotny JA, Bornhorst GM, Baer DJ. Food processing and structure impact the metabolizable energy of almonds. Food & Function 2016; 7(10):4231-4238. Energy in cashewspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586843Baer DJ, Novotny JA. Metabolizable Energy from Cashew Nuts is Less than that Predicted by Atwater Factors. Nutrients 2019; 24;11(1).Weighing in on caloriesacs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/2017-2018/april2018/weighing-in-on-calories.htmlCalorie restrictionnia.nih.gov/health/calorie-restriction-and-fasting-diets-what-do-we-knowH.R.3562 - Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/3562What are calories?livescience.com/52802-what-is-a-calorie.htmlUnderstanding caloriesnhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/understanding-caloriesFood label accuracyhealth.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2012/08/21/when-nutrition-labels-lie#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20Nutrition%20Facts%20labels%20are,not%20be%20violating%20the%20law.Bomb calorimetersciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/bomb-calorimeterHow are calories calculated? livescience.com/62808-how-calories-are-calculated.html#:~:text=To%20use%20this%20tool%2C%20scientists,only%20way%20to%20measure%20calories.How Do Food Manufacturers Calculate the Calorie Count of Packaged Foods?scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-food-manufacturersGeneral chemistry: calorimetercourses.lumenlearning.com/sanjacinto-atdcoursereview-genchemistry1-1/chapter/calorimetry
Can Science Make Less Addictive Opioids? Reactions 2021-04-29 | Will we ever have painkillers as good as opioids, but without the risk of addiction and overdose?#opioids #heroin #opioidcrisis You might also like:What Happens When You Overdose?:youtu.be/xLSz3wEgwJ8 Why Are Synthetic Drugs So Dangerous?:youtube.com/watch?v=83gIiBD365E The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill You:youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8 Can You Take Expired Drugs?:youtu.be/aT4qzgEQr-Y What is Addiction?:youtu.be/C6I3CHhBGeQ Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDKelly Dunn, PhD Leila Duman, PhDKim Janda, PhDSources:Frederich Serturnerpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1786314Opioid toxicityncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431077Opioid overdoses--world stats https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose#:~:text=difficulties%20with%20breathing.-,Worldwide%2C%20about%200.5%20million%20deaths%20are%20attributable%20to%20drug%20use,of%20opioid%20overdose%20in%202017Opioid death rates in the USdrugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates#:~:text=Opioid%2Dinvolved%20overdose%20deaths%20rose,in%202018%20with%2046%2C802%20deaths.Inside the Story of America’s 19th-Century Opiate Addictionsmithsonianmag.com/history/inside-story-americas-19th-century-opiate-addiction-180967673Abuse-deterrent opioidspubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09545-cover2NIH solicits research into vaccines that protect against opioid use genengnews.com/insights/nih-solicits-research-into-vaccines-to-protect-against-opioid-useVaccines against addictive drugs push forward despite past failurescen.acs.org/articles/96/i8/Vaccines-against-addictive-drugs-push.html?utm_source=ACSMembership&utm_medium=Webinar&utm_campaign=CENLooking beyond opioids for safer pain reliefcen.acs.org/articles/95/i45/chemists-responding-opioid-epidemic.html?utm_source=ACSMembership&utm_medium=Webinar&utm_campaign=CENOpioid abuse timeline (FDA)fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant-events-addressing-opioid-misuse-and-abuseOverdose death ratesdrugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates#:~:text=Opioid%2Dinvolved%20overdose%20deaths%20rose,in%202018%20with%2046%2C802%20deaths.Prostaglandinschem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Lipids/Fatty_Acids/Prostaglandins#:~:text=Prostaglandin%20Structure-,Prostaglandins%20are%20unsaturated%20carboxylic%20acids%2C%20consisting%20of%20of%20a%2020,two%2C%20or%20three%20double%20bonds.&text=A%20typical%20structure%20is%20on%20the%20left%20graphic.God’s Own Medicineskepticalinquirer.org/2017/03/gods-own-medicineHeroinpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/HeroinIbuprofenpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/IbuprofenOxycodonepubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/OxycodoneHeroin chaptersciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0123693977004568Structure of ibuprofen bound to COX-2ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276492Use of Oxycodone in Pain Managementncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4018705/#:~:text=Oxycodone%20is%20an%20analgesic%20opioid,market%20in%201996%20(2).Overcoming opioids: The quest for less addictive drugsstatnews.com/2017/04/17/opioids-quest-less-addictive-drugsRats prefer sugar to heroinpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28645064NIDA heroin infodrugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/heroinrrs_11_14.pdfHeroin Historyhazelden.org/HAZ_MEDIA/7988_heroin.pdfFrontline PBS: Opium throughout history pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history.htmlThe Ongoing Opioid Prescription Epidemic: Historical Contextncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940677Heroin’s Addiction’s Fraught Historytheatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/02/heroin-addictions-fraught-history/284001Heroin Prescription and Historycore.ac.uk/reader/189542775?utm_source=linkoutAddiction medicationsamericanaddictioncenters.org/addiction-medicationsOpiate historymichaelshouse.com/opiate-rehab/history-of-opiatesDeath Tollscdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.htmlOverdose Increasescdc.gov/media/releases/2020/p1218-overdose-deaths-covid-19.htmlEtanerceptncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545252Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Heres Why. Reactions 2021-04-20 | Celebrate Earth Day with our friends at PBS: bit.ly/3elpV1wHead over to Eons to find out more about how they're celebrating Earth Day, and tell them Reactions sent you! youtu.be/P-YLTbm2GNQCatalytic converter theft is on the rise, and that’s partly because of their chemistry.You might also like:How Did Climate Change Help Turn the Sky Orange?:youtu.be/foeLC08-nrk Space Mirrors and Other Weird Ways to Fight Climate Changeyoutube.com/watch?v=9agoVDFJs8AThe Chemical Origins of Life:youtu.be/f44OWlsLeT0 Testing the Best Bomb Detectors:youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac How Do Lithium-Ion Batteries Work?:youtu.be/zUlbHMDCosI Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Deborah Aruguete, PhDLeila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDLuis Ricardez Sandoval, PhDSources:History of Reducing Air Pollution from Transportation in the United Statesepa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/accomplishments-and-success-air-pollution-transportationHow smog affects health epa.ohio.gov/dapc/echeck/whyecheck/healthefCurrent scenario of CNG vehicular pollution and their possible abatement technologies: an overviewlink.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-020-10361-7Libre texts: Catalytic converterschem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/07%3A_Case_Studies-_Kinetics/7.01%3A_Catalytic_ConvertersPlatinum Group Metal Recovery from Spent Catalytic Converters Using XRFthermofisher.com/blog/metals/platinum-group-metal-recovery-from-spent-catalytic-converters-using-xrfWashington University catalytic converters lab tutorial http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/CourseTutorials/Tutorials/AirQuality/CatalyticConverter.htmBBC Bitesizebbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqd2mp3/revision/6Thieves Nationwide Are Slithering Under Cars, Swiping Catalytic Convertersnytimes.com/2021/02/09/climate/catalytic-converter-theft.htmlAs precious metals prices soar, Minnesota becomes hot spot for catalytic converter theftsmprnews.org/story/2021/03/16/as-precious-metals-prices-soar-minnesota-becomes-a-hotspot-for-catalytic-converter-theftsHydrogen peroxide reduction on single platinum nanoparticlespubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/sc/d0sc00379dEffects of Platinum Electrode on Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Aqueous Phase Pulsed Corona Electrical Dischargepubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie0511480Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part 1. An adsorption-controlled mechanismsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013468697001254A precious metal that costs 15 times the price of gold is driving a surge in thefts of catalytic converterswashingtonpost.com/world/africa/catalytic-converter-theft-south-africa-rhodium/2021/03/03/dc288192-777d-11eb-9489-8f7dacd51e75_story.htmlProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Forever Chemicals Reactions 2021-03-31 | Forever chemicals are used in everything from rain jackets to jet fuel. But the chemistry behind what makes them useful also makes them stick around in the environment and us...forever?#pfas #foreverchemicals #pfoa #genx #pfosYou might also like:Testing the Best Bomb Detectors:youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill Youyoutube.com/watch?v=4hQ0G0GaYR8The Chemical Origins of Lifeyoutube.com/watch?v=f44OWlsLeT0Can Mixing Cleaning Chemicals Kill You?youtube.com/watch?v=FH1h0oWjarkCredits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:David Andrews, PhDJamie DeWitt, PhD Leila Duman, PhDCheryl Hogue Brianne Raccor, PhDSources:First study on PFAS binding to human serumjbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65805-3/pdfPFAS Half-Lifenrdc.org/sites/default/files/media-uploads/nrdc_pfas_report.pdfAlbumin is the major carrier protein for PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA and PFDA in human plasmasciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019331964PFAS in the environmenttn.gov/content/dam/tn/environment/solid-waste/documents/esos/sw_esos-13_2018-05-16-1540-jones.pdfAn overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/em/d0em00291g#!divAbstractUnderstanding organofluorine chemistry. An introduction to the C–F bondpubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2008/cs/b711844a/unauth#!divAbstractEPA Takes Action to Address PFAS in Drinking Waterepa.gov/newsreleases/epa-takes-action-address-pfas-drinking-waterThe hunt is on for GenX chemicals in peoplecen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/hunt-GenX-chemicals-people/97/i14Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Classpubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effectspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30470793‘Forever chemicals’ no more? These technologies aim to destroy PFAS in watercen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Forever-chemicals-technologies-aim-destroy/97/i12Deposition of PFAS 'forever chemicals' on Mt. Everestpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33353778A review of the emerging treatment technologies for PFAS contaminated soilspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32063301Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through drinking water: A review of the recent scientific literaturepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31421451PFAS guidecen.acs.org/sections/pfas.htmlPFAS Researchniehs.nih.gov/research/programs/pfas/index.cfmEndocrine Disruption of Androgenic Activity by Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Clinical and Experimental Evidenceacademic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/4/1259/5158211EPA Action Plan (2019)epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/pfas_action_plan_021319_508compliant_1.pdfPFAS FDAfda.gov/food/chemicals/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfasContamination map in USewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/mapAccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissuessciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412013001220High Levels Of ‘Forever Chemicals’ Detected In Northern Virginia Drinking Waterdcist.com/story/21/03/10/high-levels-toxic-pfas-forever-chemicals-northern-virginia-drinking-waterPFAS fact sheetngwa.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/pfas/pfastop-10.pdf?sfvrsn=8c8ef98b_2#:~:text=Studies%20have%20estimated%2095%20percent,%2C%20inhalation%2C%20and%20occupational%20contact.Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissuessciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412013001220?via%3DihubBinding of PFOS to serum albumin and DNA: insight into the molecular toxicity of perfluorochemicalsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656506How to say goodbye to PFAScen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/say-goodbye-PFAS/97/i46Viscous Microemulsions of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) and Jet Fuel A Inhibit Infiltration and Subsurface Transportpubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00868Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Working Dogs vs. Machines, Bomb Detection Reactions 2021-03-17 | #bombsniffer #k9 #bombdetector #chemicaldetectorWhat’s better at finding a hidden bomb--a dog, or an electronic chemical detector? Let’s find out.You might also like:How Can Fertilizer Explode?:youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c What Makes Smartphones Explode?youtube.com/watch?v=pY-kzHn9kvoWhat Could An Explosion On the Sun Do Here On Earth?youtube.com/watch?v=i7mZBaleCFEWhat Exactly Happened at Chernobyl?youtube.com/watch?v=uvpS2lUHZD8Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Lauryn DeGreef, PhDLeila Duman, PhDMark Fisher, PhDSimon Gadbois, PhDBraden C. Giordano, PhD Eileen Jenkins, DVMSteven Munger, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:Detection of land mines by amplified fluorescence quenching of polymer films: a man-portable chemical sniffer for detection of ultratrace concentrations of explosives emanating from land mines spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/4038/0000/Detection-of-land-mines-by-amplified-fluorescence-quenching-of-polymer/10.1117/12.396225.short?SSO=1Is It Possible to Predict the Odor of a Molecule on the Basis of its Structure?ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627536 Odors: from chemical structures to gaseous plumes. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31931034Vapor Pressure of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) Estimated Using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26505487Detection dogs sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914018303552?via%3DihubProstate cancer and dog sense of smell ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808627Sniffing animals as a diagnostic tool in infectious diseases ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734357Demining Dogs in Colombia - A Review of Operational Challenges, Chemical Perspectives, and Practical Implications ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320400The Limits of Detection newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-limits-of-detectionSniffing Out Bombs: Canine vs. Machine wired.com/2002/04/sniffing-out-bombs-canine-vs-machineCan next-generation bomb ‘sniffing’ technology outdo dogs on explosives detection?theconversation.com/can-next-generation-bomb-sniffing-technology-outdo-dogs-on-explosives-detection-60610Dogs Teach Bomb-Sniffing Machines New Tricks [Podcast episode, 2017] scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/dogs-teach-bomb-sniffing-machines-new-tricksAmerica Is Running Out of Bomb-Sniffing Dogs [2017 article] nytimes.com/2017/08/04/opinion/sunday/bomb-sniffing-dogs-terrorism-security.htmlDog sniffing at the superbowl abcnews.go.com/US/mans-best-friend-bomb-sniffing-dogs-securing-super/story?id=68691182Birds and Dogs: Toward a Comparative Perspective on Odor Use and Detection ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103309Dogs' olfactory diagnostics applied on human species: state of the art and clinical perspectives. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27598027Odor Perception by Dogs: Evaluating Two Training Approaches for Odor Learning of Sniffer Dogs academic.oup.com/chemse/article/42/5/435/3747759Olfaction and aging karger.com/Article/FullText/381619Olfactory Generalization in Detector Dogs ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31546835When the Nose Doesn’t Know: Canine Olfactory Function Associated With Health, Management, and Potential Links to Microbiota ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884888Explosives-sniffing grasshoppers? newscientist.com/article/2233645-cyborg-grasshoppers-have-been-engineered-to-sniff-out-explosivesSniffer dogs in the melanoma clinic? (This is the first study that indicated dogs might be able to sniff out cancers, but it was a case study) thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(89)92257-5/fulltextCanine scent detection for the diagnosis of lung cancer in a screening-like situation iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/046003/metaConducting polymers in sensor design intechopen.com/books/conducting-polymers/conducting-polymers-in-sensor-design DARPA Dog’s Nosediscovermagazine.com/technology/future-tech-19Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
The Science of How Life Started Reactions 2021-03-04 | How did life get started on Earth? And how are we using what we know to look for it throughout the galaxy?You might also like:Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)youtube.com/watch?v=VUiDwrM2YPISpace Mirrors and Other Weird Ways to Fight Climate Changeyoutube.com/watch?v=9agoVDFJs8AWhat Meteors Reveal About Earth’s Hidden Pastyoutu.be/3TE1eedWO9w What Does the Moon Smell Like?youtu.be/iQod_oYnFTc Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Michelle Boucher, PhDJason Dworkin, PhDLelia Duman, PhDNicholas Hud, PhDSources:Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venusnature.com/articles/s41550-020-1174-4Habitable zones of different starsnasa.gov/ames/kepler/habitable-zones-of-different-starsThe Habitable Zoneplanetary.org/articles/what-is-the-habitable-zone#:~:text=Earth%20is%20the%20only%20planet,Sun%20to%20harbor%20liquid%20water.&text=Venus%20may%20have%20once%20had,the%20liquid%20water%20to%20evaporate.Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Codechem.libretexts.org/Courses/Eastern_Mennonite_University/EMU%3A_Chemistry_for_the_Life_Sciences_(Cessna)/19%3A_Nucleic_Acids/19.4%3A_Protein_Synthesis_and_the_Genetic_Code#:~:text=The%20genetic%20code%20can%20therefore,seen%2C%20is%20called%20a%20codon.Early life on earthbbc.com/future/article/20200115-what-the-earliest-life-on-earth-looked-likePhosphate backbone nature.com/scitable/definition/phosphate-backbone-273Phosphodiester Bondsciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/phosphodiester-bondPrimordial souppopularmechanics.com/science/a34649466/primordial-soup-theory-origins-of-life-darwinLife on Venus? The picture gets cloudiernytimes.com/2021/02/08/science/venus-life-phosphine.htmlA Biologist Explains: What is Life?forbes.com/sites/jvchamary/2019/03/27/what-is-life/?sh=42ca4f0e1c77Alternative Definitions of Life: Perspective Matterssfu.ca/colloquium/PDC_Top/OoL/whatislife/Vikingmission.html#:~:text=The%20NASA%20Astrobiology%20Institute%20Definition,a%20simple%20test%20for%20life.The Seven Pillars of Lifescience.sciencemag.org/content/295/5563/2215Darwinian Evolutionlivescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.htmlWater on Marsspace.com/8642-flashback-water-mars-announced-10-years.htmlLife on other planets?exoplanets.nasa.gov/faq/5/is-there-life-on-other-planetsExoplanet atmosphereshttps://www.physics.uu.se/research/astronomy-and-space-physics/research/planets/exoplanet-atmospheres/#:~:text=The%20most%20successful%20method%20for,is%20the%20transit%20spectroscopy%20method.&text=By%20measuring%20the%20fraction%20of,the%20atmosphere%20can%20be%20inferred.Hubble versus James Webb Telescopejwst.nasa.gov/content/about/comparisonWebbVsHubble.html#:~:text=Webb%20will%20primarily%20look%20at,it%20has%20some%20infrared%20capabilityIngredients for life in space nhm.ac.uk/discover/eight-ingredients-life-in-space.htmlHabitability on Mars from a Microbial Point of Viewhttps://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00866015/documentVocabulary of Definitions of Life Suggests a Definitiontandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/073911011010524992Goddard Media Studios--transit spectroscopysvs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11428Phosphine gas found in Venus’ atmosphere may be ‘a possible sign of life’sciencenews.org/article/phosphine-gas-found-venus-atmosphere-possible-sign-life#:~:text=But%20the%20signature%20of%20phosphine,absorbs%20light%20in%20that%20wavelength.&text=Phosphine%20takes%20a%20fair%20amount,is%20found%20in%20Venus'%20atmosphere.NASA definition of lifeastrobiology.nasa.gov/research/life-detection/about/#:~:text=The%20NASA%20definition%20of%20life,life%20we%20know%20%E2%80%94Terran%20life.Meteoritic Amino Acids: Diversity in Compositions Reflects Parent Body Historiespubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00074A search for amino acids and nucleobases in the Martian meteorite Roberts Massif 04262 using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometryonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/maps.12103The 1953 Stanley L. Miller Experiment: Fifty Years of Prebiotic Organic Chemistrylink.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024807125069Prebiotic Soup--Revisiting the Miller Experimentscience.sciencemag.org/content/300/5620/745.fullProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
COVID, One Year Later: What Do We Know Now? Reactions 2021-02-16 | We’re catching up with experts we talked to at the start of the pandemic and asking: what do we know now that we didn’t back then?CDC guidance on masks:cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.htmlYou might also like:Why Are Antibody Tests Failing?youtube.com/watch?v=jqudyDnnvJoCoronavirus Drugs: Where Are We and What's Next?youtube.com/watch?v=AIpeZDR9i3EHow Much Do Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus?youtube.com/watch?v=knCseXki4gEModerna COVID Vaccine: 95% Effective (So Far), How Does It Work?youtube.com/watch?v=gDY8pH6OWBcCan Soap REALLY "Kill" the Coronavirus?youtube.com/watch?v=K2pMVimI2bwCredits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Sam Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Leila Duman, PhDBenjamin Neuman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDShan Soe-Lin, PhDVincent Racaniello, PhDSources:Continually updated mask guidelinescdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html Scientific Brief: Community Use of Cloth Masks to Control the Spread of SARS-CoV-2cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/masking-science-sars-cov2.htmlSARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitorsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420302294Receptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusionnature.com/articles/s41586-020-2772-0Final report confirms remdesivir benefits for COVID-19nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/final-report-confirms-remdesivir-benefits-covid-19#:~:text=Studies%20in%20cells%20and%20animals,interrupting%20production%20of%20the%20virus.Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2pnas.org/content/117/21/11727US: Fauci says CDC may recommend wearing two masks to fight viruslivemint.com/news/world/us-fauci-says-cdc-may-recommend-wearing-two-masks-to-fight-virus-11612284079702.htmlCo-receptorsciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/co-receptorEvidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Responsejvi.asm.org/content/85/9/4122Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916WHO timelinehttps://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline#!Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variantscdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.htmlEurope’s growing mask ask: Ditch the cloth ones for medical-grade coveringswashingtonpost.com/world/europe/europe-coronavirus-masks-regulations/2021/01/20/23463c08-5a74-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.htmlTime to double or upgrade masks as coronavirus variants emerge, experts saywashingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/27/double-mask-variants-guidanceAntiviral Drugs That Are Approved or Under Evaluation for the Treatment of COVID-19covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapyProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Why Doesn’t Banana Candy Taste Like Banana? Reactions 2021-02-03 | There’s a myth that one variety of banana tastes a lot like artificial banana flavoring. We tracked it down to investigate if it’s as “banana-y” as the myth claims.#banana #grosmichel #cavendish #isoamylacetate #artificialflavorYou can check out Dr. Curtis Pulliam’s preliminary banana data here: http://bit.ly/3rfhgSLWhile we ate some Laffy Taffys in the making of this video, we have no connection with the Laffy Taffy company. You might also like:Coffee Roasting Chemistry Throwdown: PhD vs. BSyoutube.com/watch?v=4Wey8GSglkw&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kV&index=69Why Does Food Make Your Mouth Water?youtube.com/watch?v=lWdR87Qnb3gThe Science of Spotting Fake Foodsyoutube.com/watch?v=V_JIjJJ8Zq0The Ultimate Donut Battle: Cake vs. Yeastyoutube.com/watch?v=u68ZnxzWj5k&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kV&index=58Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Nadia Berenstein, PhDPamela Dalton, PhDLelia Duman, PhDMichelle Boucher, PhDSources:A History of Flavoring Food With Beaver Butt Juicevice.com/en/article/a3m885/a-history-of-flavoring-food-with-beaver-butt-juiceMaking isoamyl acetate in a chemistry labchemistryworld.com/podcasts/isoamyl-acetate/7609.articleInfluence of different banana cultivars on volatile compounds during ripening in cold storagesciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996912003225Influence of harvest season on volatile aroma constituents of two banana cultivars by electronic nose and HS-SPME coupled with GC-MSsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442382030042XBanana flavor: Insights into isoamyl acetate productionresearchgate.net/publication/232768660_Banana_flavor_Insights_into_isoamyl_acetate_productionAromatic Profile of Aqueous Banana Essence and Banana Fruit by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography−Olfactometry (GC-O)pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf010471kA Perspective on Chemosensory Quality Codingsciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012809324523784XProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Why is Breast Milk Special (Making Better Formula) Reactions 2021-01-15 | Why don’t we have baby formula that’s just as good as breast milk? Sam chats with chemist Dr. Steven Townsend, who’s trying to figure out which sugar molecules in breast milk make it so unique and difficult to recreate in the lab. #breastmilk #babyformula #formula #milkFor more about Dr. Townsend and his research, check out his C&EN Talented 12 profile: cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Steven-D-Townsend/97/i33You might also like:You Might Not Want to Mix These 5 Things With Birth Controlyoutube.com/watch?v=34tp9CCpOA0&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=27How Do Pregnancy Tests Work?youtube.com/watch?v=jc2_iBZ9r_k&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=33Why Do We Get Allergies?youtube.com/watch?v=vFZlxQU0Pyk&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=30Is Aspartame Safe?youtube.com/watch?v=vFZlxQU0Pyk&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=30Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Lelia Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSteven D. Townsend, PhDSources:Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity: A Randomized Multicenter Trial pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28107288A Solution to Antifolate Resistance in Group B Streptococcus: Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies Human Milk Oligosaccharide-Induced Perturbations that Result in Potentiation of Trimethoprim. mbio.asm.org/content/11/2/e00076-20?rss=1Interrogation of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fucosylation Patterns for Structural Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Trends in Group B Streptococcus. pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00234Lacto-N-Tetraose Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Against Group B Streptococcus.pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/OB/C8OB02080A#!divAbstractAntimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii. pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00183The Human Milk Glycome as a Defense Against Infectious Diseases pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00209Human Milk Oligosaccharides Exhibit Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Properties Against Group B Streptococcus.pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00064Steven D. Townsend: Oligosaccharide explorer is solving the mysteries of breast milk sugars cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Steven-D-Townsend/97/i33
The Science of Kombucha Reactions 2020-12-15 | What is kombucha? And are there limits to what we can turn into kombucha? #kombucha #fermentation #ferment You might also like:How is Kimchi Made?youtu.be/DG4afs7C1XI What is Natto? youtube.com/watch?v=a9a7LKle9AQWhat Are Century Eggs?youtube.com/watch?v=NL8kMj-GlLsHow Is Whiskey Made?youtu.be/cR7Bt9Ei_zI Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Andrew Sobey Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Lelia Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:Code of Federal Regulations Title 21accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=114&showFR=1Kombucha Tea Fermentation: Microbial and Biochemical Dynamicspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26796581Hepatoprotective and Curative Properties of Kombucha Tea Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicitypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19420997Sequence-based Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Compositions of Multiple Kombucha (Tea Fungus) Samplespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24290641The Yeast Spectrum of the 'Tea Fungus Kombucha'pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8559192Surviving Antioxidant Supplementspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505064Lead Induced Oxidative Stress: Beneficial Effects of Kombucha Teapubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14631833Studies on Toxicity, Anti-Stress and Hepato-Protective Properties of Kombucha Teapubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11723720Kombucha Fermentation and Its Antimicrobial Activitypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10888589Hypoglycemic and Antilipidemic Properties of Kombucha Tea in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Ratspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591682Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activity of Traditional Kombucha and Satureja Montana L. Kombuchapubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18979556Taking a bite out of food wasteblog.frontiersin.org/2020/02/28/taking-a-bite-out-of-food-wasteWasted Bread as Substrate for the Cultivation of Starters for the Food Industryfrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00293/full?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=nblog&utm_campaign=ba-sl-fmicb-wasted-bread-industryA Case of Kombucha Tea Toxicitypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19460826Probable Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Kombucha Tea: Is This Beverage Healthy or Harmful?pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9346462Kombucha Scienceillinoisscience.org/2019/07/kombucha-science-behind-crazeUnderstanding Kombucha Tea Fermentation:A Reviewonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.14068FDA’s guidelines on pHaccessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=114&showFR=1#:~:text=(1)%20Acidified%20foods%20shall%20be,accordance%20with%20the%20scheduled%20process.Acetic Acid Bacteria in the Food Industry: Systematics, Characteristics and Applicationsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117990A Review on Kombucha Tea—Microbiology, Composition, Fermentation, Beneficial Effects, Toxicity, and Tea Fungusonlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12073#:~:text=Acetic%20acid%20bacteria%20from%20kombucha,used%20as%20a%20carbon%20source.&text=Glucuronic%20and%20gluconic%20acids%20are,fermentation%20process%20on%20traditional%20substrateProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
What’s That “Fall Smell” and Why Do We Love It? Reactions 2020-11-24 | Thank you to Target for supporting PBS. You can learn more at: target.com/communityShare your story today: to.pbs.org/3izZeXhWe asked people across the country “What does fall mean to you?,” and most of them couldn’t stop talking about fall smells. So what’s the chemistry behind those smells, and why do they make us so happy? #fall #smell #autumnYou might also like:That Fresh Cut Grass Scent is Really a Signal of Distressyoutu.be/suGk8eZyN34 How Did Climate Change Help Turn the Sky Orange?youtu.be/foeLC08-nrk Why Does Humidity Feel Gross?youtu.be/GtmOlpbkQDw Why Do Leaves Change Color?youtu.be/X0nWmTeQPfo How to Survive the Snow and Iceyoutu.be/KOtVJxQXBNM Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Lelia Duman, PhDRachel Herz, PhDSteven D. Munger, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSources:The scent of a season: Explaining the aromas of fallwashingtonpost.com/weather/2018/10/19/scent-season-explaining-aromas-fallThe Science Behind The Smell Of Falltheodysseyonline.com/does-october-really-have-smellThe science behind the smell of fallcbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/the-smell-of-fall-1.5265513#:~:text=The%20dominant%20earthy%20smells%20of,smell%20of%20a%20leaf%20pile.It’s One of Autumn’s Best Scents, but Not Everyone Smells Itnytimes.com/2019/10/26/science/katsura-leaves-scent.htmlWhy Do We Smell the Change of Seasons?gizmodo.com/why-do-we-smell-the-change-of-seasons-1735548623The Real Reason Why Fall Air Has a Unique Smellbestlifeonline.com/fall-smell-causes/?nab=1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2FWhy Fall Feels Different in the Bay Areabaynature.org/article/fall-feels-different-bay-area-smell-changeFall smells around the worldmichiganradio.org/post/what-fall-smells-michigan-and-around-worldRose compoundsscience.sciencemag.org/content/349/6243/81.longThe Smells of Fallmentalfloss.com/article/17089/smells-fallProduced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
Do Your Dog’s Paws Smell Like Fritos? Reactions 2020-11-17 | Do your dog’s paws smell like Fritos? This week we explore why. #fritopaws #cornchippaws #cheetopaws #dogpawsYou might also like:Why Do Wet Dogs Stink? + Other Canine Chemistryyoutu.be/X9AozZLZnCU World’s Deadliest (& Cutest) Animalsyoutu.be/fb0FLuYMh84 What's In Dog Food?youtu.be/_UJWctZyguY How to Get Rid of Skunk Smellyoutu.be/7i_NGMV63HQ Credits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producers: Elaine Seward Writer/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Lelia Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDAmelia White, DVMSources:Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant- derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30251442 Microbiota and Malodor—Etiology and Management pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32326126Proteus Mirabilis Infectionsncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442017Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Healthcare Settingscdc.gov/hai/organisms/pseudomonas.htmlUse of 2-aminoacetophenone production in identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC273058Androscoggin Animal Hospital androscogginanimalhospital.com/blog/funky-feet-when-your-pets-paws-smell-like-fritos/#:~:text=The%20Case%20of%20Corn%20Chips,nothing%20to%20be%20concerned%20about.&text=When%20it%20comes%20to%20the,create%20a%20%E2%80%9Cyeasty%E2%80%9D%20smell.Hampton Veterinary Hospitalhamptonveterinaryhospital.com/blog/my-dogs-paws-smell-like-fritosTake a sniff of your dog’s paws. Smell like corn chips? Here’s whykansascity.com/news/nation-world/article215823795.htmlThis Is Why Your Dog's Paws Smell Like Fritoshuffpost.com/entry/this-is-why-your-dogs-paws-smell-like-fritos_n_55b1347be4b07af29d57d25c?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFRMbEBOYQAEBgNPBoHyF38vHn2RniDZxIyhwVZC7QrWYG5k3K9gcy8rgOGbCZ1ZoUSXBT7Za6KtKFYXYahKUxxpNrMl4BZF2CplGFyJ7JjfRMCn019_YRrsXHdXD9LnSyg64py4C7VaA_v311h7ec0ijoDbpGYEwlgOFCvwJZ0gArlington Animal Hospitalhttp://www.myarlingtonvet.com/blog/corn-chip-feet-why-your-dogs-feet-smell-like-fritosWhich Bacteria Smell Like Tortillas, Flowers, or Delicious Browned Butter?discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/which-bacteria-smell-like-tortillas-flowers-or-delicious-browned-butterLab 12: Isolation and Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas, Part 1bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs/Microbiology_Labs_II/Lab_12%3A_Isolation_and_Identification_of_Enterobacteriaceae_and_Pseudomonas%2C_Part_1Why Do Your Dog's Feet Smell Like Popcorn?mentalfloss.com/article/25030/why-do-your-dogs-feet-smell-popcornSniffing The Feet For Infectionpopsci.com/sniffing-feet-infectionIn-vitro diagnosis of single and poly microbial species targeted for diabetic foot infection using e-nose technologybmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-015-0601-5Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
How Can Fertilizer Explode? Reactions 2020-10-21 | Ammonium nitrate has been involved in dozens of disasters and terrorist attacks but, under normal circumstances, it’s totally harmless. What turns it deadly? #beirut #explosive #ammoniumnitrateFind us on all these places:Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactionsFacebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactionsTwitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactionsInstagram! instagram.com/acsreactionsTumblr! http://acsreactions.tumblr.comYou might also like:The Chemistry of Fireworksyoutu.be/nPHegSulI_M How Pee Helped Win the Revolutionary War (Maybe...)youtube.com/watch?v=45fNvmdUrI8What Makes Smartphones Explode?youtu.be/pY-kzHn9kvo Mind-Blowing Movie Explosions Explainedyoutube.com/watch?v=3e839o4YGaoCredits:Executive Producers: George Zaidan Hilary Hudson Producer: Darren WeaverWriter/Host: Samantha Jones, PhDScientific consultants:Jackie Akhavan, PhDGerald Kagan, PhDLeila Duman, PhDBrianne Raccor, PhDSOURCESWhat footage of the Beirut explosion tells us about the blastnytimes.com/2020/08/05/video/beirut-explosion-footage.htmlThe mechanism of the spontaneous detonation of ammonium nitrate in reactive groundssciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343717306425#!Explosions of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in storage or transportation are preventable accidentssciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389415301680Review on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitratetandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07370652.2011.573523Raman spectroscopy for detection of ammonium nitrate as an explosive precursor used in improvised explosive devicespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32146426Safety and security issues relating to low capacity storage of AN-based fertilizerspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15885898Lessons to be learned from an analysis of ammonium nitrate disasters in the last 100 yearspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203808U.S. Contractor Knew of Explosive Material in Beirut Since at Least 2016nytimes.com/2020/08/10/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-us-contractor.htmlAmmonium nitratepubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ammonium-nitrateThe chemistry behind the Beirut explosioncen.acs.org/safety/industrial-safety/chemistry-behind-Beirut-explosion/98/web/2020/08What Is Ammonium Nitrate, the Chemical That Exploded in Beirut?scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-ammonium-nitrate-the-chemical-that-exploded-in-beirutWhy Beirut’s ammonium nitrate blast was so devastatingnature.com/articles/d41586-020-02361-xBeirut blast: How does ammonium nitrate create such devastating explosions?livescience.com/28841-fertilizer-explosions-ammonium-nitrate.htmlTexas City, Beirut linked by dangers of ammonium nitratehoustonchronicle.com/local/bayou-city-history/article/Texas-City-Beirut-linked-by-dangers-ammonium-15464668.phpThe deadly history of ammonium nitrate, the explosive linked to the Beirut blastnationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/deadly-history-ammonium-nitrate-explosive-linked-to-beirut-blastThe self-sustaining decomposition of ammonium nitrate fertiliser: Case study, Escombreras valley, Spainpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31761644What is ammonium nitrate and what happens when it explodes?compoundchem.com/2020/08/05/ammonium-nitrateCrop nutrition resource librarycropnutrition.com/resource-library/ammonium-nitrateBeirut explosion: What we know so farbbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53668493Tianjin chemical blast: China jails 49 for disasterbbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37927158Beirut Explosion Generates Seismic Waves Equivalent Of A Magnitude 3.3 Earthquakeforbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2020/08/06/beirut-port-explosion-triggers-magnitude-3-earthquake/#37eab2f51426Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
