Reactions
Can Mixing Cleaning Chemicals Kill You?
updated
Serving Up Science on PBS Food
youtu.be/Mi84o9ZKuXs
For a guide on how to brine turkey (*not* 5 days) see J. Kenji’s comprehensive blog post:
seriouseats.com/the-food-lab-the-truth-about-brining-turkey-thanksgiving
You might also like other Reactions videos:
Why the Maillard Reaction Makes Everything Delicious:
youtu.be/rs1JLYXROVU
Frying Your Way to Better Chicken:
youtu.be/Vjj2OJBOQ_0
The Science of J. Kenji López-Alt's Roasted Potato Recipe:
youtu.be/fehedawj1DM
How to Fry a Thanksgiving Turkey Without Burning Your House Down:
youtu.be/t9Dhhxnvt2Y
Better Grilling Through Chemistry:
youtu.be/RqUEh-B-U-k
What is the Future of Fake Meat?
youtu.be/uOT2_LNJmzg
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Laurence Vuckovic
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Dr. Mark Jones, Ph.D.
Brianne Raccor, Ph.D.
Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
Polarized but illusory beliefs about tap and bottled water: A product- and consumer-oriented survey and blind tasting experiment - ScienceDirect
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969718322666
Consumer preference for chicken breast may be more affected by information on organic production than by product sensory properties - ScienceDirect
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119395847#!
CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCE OF BOTTLED AND TAP WATER - TEILLET - 2010 - Journal of Sensory Studies - Wiley Online Library
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2010.00280.x
Different actions of salt and pyrophosphate on protein extraction from myofibrils reveal the mechanism controlling myosin dissociation - Shen - 2016 - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26085314
Histological Study of Ultrastructural Changes in Muscle Exposed to Various Concentrations of NaCl Brine - Astruc - 2018 - Journal of Food Science - Wiley Online Library
doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14122
Techniques for postmortem tenderisation in meat processing: effectiveness, application and possible mechanisms | Food Production, Processing and Nutrition | Full Text
fppn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s43014-021-00062-0
Structure of Muscle Fibers (IB Biology) - YouTube
youtube.com/watch?v=iFreCZ8XiZg
Myology - Skeletal Muscle (Sarcomere, Myosin and Actin) - YouTube
youtube.com/watch?v=MZJ6kTKDFmw
Science of Brining
scienceofcooking.com/science-of-brining.html
On the mechanism of water holding in meat: The swelling and shrinking of myofibrils - PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22055626
The Food Lab's Definitive Guide to Buying, Prepping, Cooking, and Carving Your Holiday Turkey
seriouseats.com/buying-prepping-cooking-carving-thanksgiving-turkey-complete-guide-food-lab
The Right Way to Brine Turkey | The Food Lab
seriouseats.com/the-food-lab-the-truth-about-brining-turkey-thanksgiving
How to Brine a Turkey for Thanksgiving
seriouseats.com/quick-and-dirty-guide-to-brining-turkey-chicken-thanksgiving
Physical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Pectoralis superficialis from Broiler Carcasses Chilled in Water or Brine Solutions Under Commercial Time and Temperature Conditions - ScienceDirect
doi.org/10.3382/ps.0640664
The Effect of Water Soaking, Brining and Cooking Procedure on Tenderness of Broilers1
doi.org/10.3382/ps.0551494
A Comparison of Brined and Unbrined Paired Broiler Carcass-Halves for Tenderness1
doi.org/10.3382/ps.0610716
Physical Characteristics of Pectoralis superficialis from Brine-Chilled Broiler Carcasses1
doi.org/10.3382/ps.0620433
#saccharin #aspartame #foodchemistry
Tiny Matters Podcast:
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/tiny-matters.html
Sugar: The addiction debate and an ancient DNA mutation that’s killing us today:
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/tiny-matters/the-addiction-debate-and-an-ancient-dna-mutation-thats-killing-us-today.html
You might also like other Reactions videos:
How Much Candy Would Kill You?
youtu.be/RNOycTzN-fg
Why Do Things Taste Sweet?
youtu.be/FaBFyEa8-eI
How Do They Make Maple Syrup?
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
Why Doesn’t Banana Candy Taste Like Banana?
youtu.be/zECg-21dYLI
Why Does Salt Change the Taste of Everything?
youtu.be/dWatMuHZIxE
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer:
Alex Dainis
Scientific Consultants:
Dr. Peihua Jiang, Ph.D.
Michelle Boucher, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, Ph.D.
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Additional Sources:
docs.google.com/document/d/1Ree80zAU4ExLcHpClTqHCqyuc5Vyjw89rB5HPu6bt9g/edit?usp=sharing
You might also like other Reactions videos:
Can Science Replace Blood Transfusions?
youtu.be/Uy8p_Yzpe6o
But Could CBD Make You Fail a Drug Test?
youtu.be/BzmZ_sb5dZk
How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War One
youtu.be/wnvo53xUxP4
Death and Decomposition
youtu.be/OBWnPo9UufE
Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)
youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Host:
Alex Dainis
Scientific Consultants:
Mark Bathe, PhD
Karin Strauss, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Additional Sources:
lewisdgavin.medium.com/googles-data-footprint-will-blow-your-mind-2237cf8e0d4#:~:text=200%20Petabytes%20of%20data%20per,Search%20is%20handling%20per%20day.
genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dna
brighterworld.mcmaster.ca/articles/ancient-dna-found-in-soil-samples-reveals-mammoths-yukon-wild-horses-survived-thousands-of-years-longer-than-believed
phys.org/news/2017-03-short-movie-dna.html
twistbioscience.com/blog/perspectives/dna-data-storage-setting-data-density-record-dna-fountain
twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2355§ionid=185844443#:~:text=Nucleosides%20have%20a%20nitrogenous%20base,in%20ribonucleic%20acid%20or%20RNA.
nature.com/scitable/definition/phosphate-backbone-273
twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.
twistbioscience.com/blog/science/simple-guide-phosphoramidite-chemistry-and-how-it-fits-twist-biosciences-commercial#:~:text=Phosphoramidite%20chemistry%20is%20the%20gold,200%20base%20pairs%20in%20length.
genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dna
nature.com/articles/s41563-021-01021-3
genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dna
genengnews.com/topics/omics/dna/could-we-store-all-of-the-worlds-data-in-a-coffee-mug-full-of-dna
nature.com/articles/s41587-020-0695-9
cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/dna/Enzymatic-DNA-synthesis-significant-new/100/i3
dnastoragealliance.org/why
You might also like other Reactions videos:
How Does Salt Melt Ice?
youtu.be/JkhWV2uaHaA
Salt, Diamonds and DNA: 5 Surprising Facts About Crystals
youtu.be/urq8SuPMZ_w
Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable -- and Should We?
youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE
Is MSG Bad for You?
youtu.be/VJw8r_YWJ9k
The Science of Maple Syrup Production
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Gary Beauchamp, Ph.D.
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
An overview of binary taste-taste interactions
doi.org/10.1016/S0950-3293(02)00110-6
Handbook of Perception Volume 6A - Edward C. Carterette - Google Books
books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=XdgC8UDWfh4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=the+history+of+taste+research&ots=39cJ2ggnBj&sig=1SfgE5KEu_srfGbqsX8Rcey9-cQ#v=onepage&q=catfish&f=false
The taste of table salt - PMC
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326615
Bitterness suppression as revealed by split-tongue taste stimulation in humans - ScienceDirect
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031938485904123?fr=RR-2&ref=pdf_download&rr=750e1737fb669c1e
Taste of Sodium Chloride Solutions after Adaptation to Sodium Chloride: Implications for the "Water Taste" | Science
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.143.3609.967
Chemical & Engineering News article on the search for new modes of action
cen.acs.org/environment/pesticides/crop-protection-herbicide-mode-action-glyphosate/100/i22
Introduction to the Shikimate Pathway
youtube.com/watch?v=FlBrJW-qbXA&list=PL833687AEAAE90961&index=155
You might also like other Reactions videos:
How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War One
youtu.be/wnvo53xUxP4
That Fresh Cut Grass Scent is Really a Signal of Distress
youtu.be/suGk8eZyN34
How Can Fertilizer Explode?
youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c
How Do Hydrangeas Change Colors?
youtu.be/tmCxU8XY_pE
The Chemistry of Poison Ivy
youtu.be/SJEU3PT0O5g
Credits:
Executive Producer:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Host:
Alex Dainis
Scientific Consultants:
Mark Loux, PhD
Patrick J. Tranel, PhD
Todd Gaines, PhD
Mithila Jugulam, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Additional Sources:
Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559744
THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAY
annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.473
Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years?
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2333
The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2020.615470/full
The cost of herbicide resistance
https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/bob-hartzler/cost-herbicide-resistance
Development and Characterization of a CP4 EPSPS-Based, Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn Event
web.archive.org/web/20090319094255/http://crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/329?ijkey=44fad6f377d5b5dfe274484eb51a4c79d0d7ff63&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Tyrosine Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Catabolism in Plants
bit.ly/3CsMiiS
Biosynthesis and Metabolic Fate of Phenylalanine in Conifers
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942462
Auxin driven indoleamine biosynthesis and the role of tryptophan as an inductive signal in Hypericum perforatum (L.)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6797091
Finding of No Significant Impact
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Petition for Non-regulated Status for Soybean Line MON 89788 (APHIS 06-178-01p)
aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_17801p_ea.pdf
Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.3743
#carbon #graphene #buckyballs
You might also like other Reactions videos:
What is an Electron?
youtu.be/dgqHFpP1w2k
What Your Chemistry Teacher Got Wrong About Water
youtu.be/dlHxV0Hpt5I
Credits
Executive Producer
Matthew Radcliff
Producers
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific Consultants
Matthew Diasio, PhD
Richard Kaner, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
Graphite and diamond structure
https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch10/carbon.php#:~:text=Graphite%20consists%20of%20extended%20planes,and%20boiling%20point%20of%20graphite.)
scientificamerican.com/article/how-can-graphite-and-diam/#:~:text=In%20a%20diamond%2C%20the%20carbon,an%20infinite%20network%20of%20atoms.
Buckyballs - “Magic Molecules” PopSci Article
popsci.com/buckyball-magic-molecule
Original Buckyballs paper
nature.com/articles/318162a0
Uses of Fullerenes
mstnano.com/fullerene-uses
NYTimes article on Buckyballs’ “growing pains” from 2000
nytimes.com/2000/10/10/science/a-prodigious-molecule-and-its-growing-pains.html
1991 Science Magazine Molecule of the Year
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.254.5039.1705
Grow your own nanotubes
technologyreview.com/2019/08/21/133477/grow-your-own-nanotubes
Nanotubes uses and creation
nanowerk.com/nanotechnology/introduction/introduction_to_nanotechnology_22.php#:~:text=In%20the%20CVD%20process%2C%20manufacturers,inside%20a%20high%2Dtemperature%20furnace.&text=The%20CVD%20process%20can%20be%20purely%20catalytic%20or%20plasma%2Dsupported.
azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1782#:~:text=Buckytubes%20or%20carbon%20nanotubes%20are,at%20this%20point%20in%20time.
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080431526001790
hitachi-hightech.com/global/products/device/semiconductor/about.html#:~:text=Semiconductors%20are%20substances%20with%20properties,Silicon%20forms%20most%20of%20ICs.
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039602801015588
cen.acs.org/materials/electronic-materials/Carbon-nanotube-computers-face-makebreak/97/i8;news.mit.edu/2020/carbon-nanotube-transistors-factory-0601
phys.org/news/2014-03-carbon-nanotubes-real-world-applications.html
Semiconductors
graphene-info.com/graphene-semiconductor
Chemical vapor deposition
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876619616001819#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20reported%20that,chemical%20vapour%20deposition%20(CVD).
graphenea.com/pages/cvd-graphene#.YulAFezMJmo
How to make graphene
nature.com/articles/nmat3944
chemistryworld.com/news/graphene-made-in-a-kitchen-blender/7282.article
google.com/url?q=physicsworld.com/a/how-to-make-graphene/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1659456641525480&usg=AOvVaw0vHX8uAk2E9VE1oC92eBfn
Graphene facts and uses
nature.com/articles/nature.2014.14676
chemistryworld.com/opinion/the-write-stuff/1010048.article
popsci.com/adam-weiner/article/2008-09/when-carbon-electrical-conductor
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128158111000041#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20areas%20that,and%20other%20applications%20%5B16%5D.
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00026/full
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2043-6262/7/2/023002
nanene.com
techradar.com/news/dummy-40-ways-graphene-is-about-to-change-your-life
Twistronics
physicsworld.com/a/twistronics-tunes-2d-material-properties
science.org/content/article/twisted-graphene-could-power-new-generation-superconducting-electronics#:~:text=In%202018%2C%20a%20group%20of,twisted%20one%20ever%20so%20slightly
doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-00840-0
https://news.mit.edu/2021/physicists-create-tunable-superconductivity-twisted-graphene-nanosandwich-0201
Sheets of buckyballs
cen.acs.org/materials/2-d-materials/Chemists-create-single-2-D/100/web/2022/06
nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04771-5
Will graphene power our world soon?
mckinsey.com/industries/semiconductors/our-insights/graphene-the-next-s-curve-for-semiconductors
Foodies know that coffee and chocolate go well together. But add garlic to the mix and you get a taste sensation that *absolutely* broke my brain. I dig into the science of flavor pairings, especially when it comes to the famous (infamous?) combo of wine and cheese.
You might also like other Reactions videos:
A Deep(er) Dive Into Whiskey Distilling Science:
youtu.be/a1IruS1bKN8
The Science of Kombucha:
youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA
The Science of Maple Syrup Production:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
Color changing tea:
youtu.be/ORl6EKQI1ws
Better Pizza Through Chemistry:
youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Charles Spence, Ph.D.
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
A Dinner Demonstration of Threshold Differences in Taste and Smell
science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.81.2108.504
Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literature
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466920
New Insights into Wine Taste: Impact of Dietary Lipids on Sensory Perceptions of Grape Tannins
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06589
What are Tannins, Really?
winemag.com/2018/09/11/tannins-wine-guide/#:~:text=Tannins%20can%20stem,a%20red%20wine.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
phytojournal.com/archives/2012/vol1issue3/PartA/8.1.pdf
The Science of Melting Cheese
seriouseats.com/the-science-of-melting-cheese#:~:text=Technically%20speaking%2C%20cheese%20is%20an%20emulsion%20of%20dairy%20fat%20and%20water%2C%20held%20together%20by%20a%20network%20of%20proteins.
Catechins
sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/catechin#:~:text=Catechins%20can%20polymerize%20to%20form%20tannins%2C%20which%20can%20be%20hydrolyzable%20or%20condensed%20(proanthocyanidins)%20(Gadkari%20and%20Balaraman%2C%202015%3B%20Rauf%20et%20al.%2C%202019).
FOOD PAIRING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN FOOD DATABASE
http://docplayer.net/37924766-Food-pairing-from-the-perspective-of-the-volatile-compounds-in-food-database.html
Food & Wine:
https://www.apps.fst.vt.edu/extension/enology/extonline/foodwine.html#:~:text=Food%20and%20wine%20pairing%20is%20almost%20entirely%20a%20matter%20of%20personal%20preference
Umami synergy as the scientific principle behind taste‑pairing champagne and oysters
nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77107-w.pdf
Handbook of Enology - Volume 2: The chemistry of Wine Stabilization and Treatments
vinumvine.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/p-ribereau-gayon-y-glories-a-maujean-d-dubourdieu-handbook-of-enology-volume-2-the-chemistry-of-wine-stabilization-and-treatments.pdf
Iron Is an Essential Cause of Fishy Aftertaste Formation in Wine and Seafood Pairing
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf901656k
Pairing flavours and the temporal order of tasting
flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13411-017-0053-0.pdf
Food and beverage flavour pairing: A critical review of the literature
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32466920
If we look at how the bark of the cinchona tree is used to treat malaria, we can see cutting edge chemistry showing quinine binding to an enzyme that is essential for the malaria parasite’s survival. But if we look from another angle, we can see how that coincidental affinity may have been a major contributing factor to World War One.
#malaria #medicinalchemistry #history
Check out the new shows on PBS Terra:
Why Am I Like This: youtu.be/eWzBNfBnFys
Far Out: youtu.be/jpUjze3v_6c
You might also like:
What Happens When You Distill Whiskey?
youtu.be/a1IruS1bKN8
The Science of Maple Syrup Production:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire:
youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA
What Exactly Happened at Chernobyl?
youtu.be/uvpS2lUHZD8
The Science of Kombucha
youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sophia Roberts
Scientific Consultants:
Selasi Dankwa, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
James Webb, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources and more information:
Identifying purine nucleoside phosphorylase as the target of quinine using cellular thermal shift assay
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30602534
Monitoring Drug Target Engagement in Cells and Tissues Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1233606
The cellular thermal shift assay for evaluating drug target interactions in cells
nature.com/articles/nprot.2014.138
Population genetic analysis of the DARC locus (Duffy) reveals adaptation from standing variation associated with malaria resistance in humans
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365118
Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malaria
nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32254-z
Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase is critical for viability of malaria parasites
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18957439
Types of Malaria Parasites
stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/primary-care/malaria/types.html
Historical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quinine
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973170
Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121651
Mortality among European settlers in pre-colonial West Africa: The “White Man’s Grave” revisited
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/49666
Malaria’s Impact Worldwide
cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.html
Portrait of a serial killer
nature.com/articles/news021001-6
Antimalarial Drug Discovery: From Quinine to the Dream of Eradication
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml4004414
Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621009430
Quinine's Target
science.org/content/blog-post/quinine-s-target
Quinine fever
nature.com/articles/s41557-021-00872-2
Hemoglobin degradation in malaria-infected erythrocytes determined from live cell magnetophoresis
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728832
Dramatic evolution within human genome may have been caused by malaria parasite
science.org/content/article/dramatic-evolution-within-human-genome-may-have-been-caused-malaria-parasite#:~:text=vivax%20accounts%20for%20fewer%20than,parasite%20needs%20to%20gain%20entry
German Empire
britannica.com/place/German-Empire
Berlin 1884: Remembering the conference that divided Africa
aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/15/berlin-1884-remembering-the-conference-that-divided-africa
But, not the same pieces it would be in if it was down here on Earth. The environment of space breaks it down differently. And the space debris a little closer to us, all the stuff that we humans have sent into space and just left there to orbit us? The unusual environment of space means it too breaks down and degrades differently than it would down here on earth. But… how long does it take to break down? Does it all break down? And how is that car looking right about now…
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We Are Made of "Star Stuff"
youtu.be/2bm479V8qPs
Challenger: The Real Story of an Avoidable Disaster
youtu.be/uI174WMnWl4
What Do Astronauts Do With Pee in Space?
youtu.be/w6x54zYuqXk
What Does the Moon Smell Like?
youtu.be/iQod_oYnFTc
What Could An Explosion On the Sun Do Here On Earth?
youtu.be/i7mZBaleCFE
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
John Crassidis, PhD;
Jer Chyi (J.-C.) Liou, PhD;
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
whereisroadster.com
education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/meteoroid
nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2004.tb00765.x
dewesoft.com/daq/every-satellite-orbiting-earth-and-who-owns-them
earth.org/space-junk-what-is-it-what-can-we-do-about-it/#:~:text=But%20how%20does%20space%20junk,detrimental%20effects%20on%20Earth's%20environment
https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Space_Debris/Space_debris_by_the_numbers
nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2004.tb00765.x
ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160012733
scientificamerican.com/article/webb-telescopes-giant-mirror-struck-by-micrometeoroid
spacelegalissues.com/space-law-the-kessler-syndrome
nasa.gov/news/debris_faq.html
sciencefocus.com/space/does-metal-corrode-or-rust-in-space
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252
sciencing.com/write-chemical-reaction-rusting-iron-8558862.html
faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/III.4.1.2_The_Space_Environment.pdf
sciencefocus.com/space/does-metal-corrode-or-rust-in-space
http://esmat.esa.int/publications/published_papers/corrosion_in_space.pdf
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252
web.archive.org/web/20060624082520/http://triz-journal.com/archives/1998/07/a/index.htm
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780815515005500252
annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.physchem.49.1.73
nature.com/articles/354048a0
livescience.com/61680-will-spacex-roadster-survive-in-space.html
http://esmat.esa.int/publications/published_papers/corrosion_in_space.pdf
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Telecommunications_Integrated_Applications/Sustainable_connectivity_in_space
sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211029103127.htm
elpasoheraldpost.com/amys-everyday-astronomy-cold-welding-what-is-it-and-can-it-be-done-on-earth/#:~:text=Don't%20worry%2C%20though%2C,%2Dwelding%20doesn't%20occur
http://esmat.esa.int/Publications/Published_papers/STM-279.pdf
researchgate.net/publication/352145728_Cold_Welding_Based_Space_Debris_Removal_System livescience.com/61680-will-spacex-roadster-survive-in-space.html
00:00 Introduction
01:08 Why we need synthetic blood
02:09 What is synthetic blood
02:44 Why we can't use water as a blood substitute
06:38 Liquid breathing experiments and the 1989 movie The Abyss
08:37 Perfluorocarbon approach to liquid breathing
10:40 Creating synthetic red blood cells
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How Does Chemotherapy Treat Breast Cancer?
youtu.be/QcgnVuRx20s
The Science of Maple Syrup Production:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
Does Sugar Cause Diabetes?
youtu.be/DCwNR3r217I
Does Melatonin Do Anything?
youtu.be/qjUKsW93qRU
Your Liver and Kidneys Are Good Enough, Put Down the Detox Tea:
youtu.be/zv0chkuT7cQ
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Jonathan S. Jahr, MD, PhD, FASA
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
#syntheticblood #blooddonation #blooddonation
SOURCES:
Facts About Blood Supply In The U.S. | Red Cross Blood Services
redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/how-blood-donations-help/blood-needs-blood-supply.html#:~:text=Each%20year%2C%20an%20estimated%206.8,the%20U.S.%20in%20a%20year.
Can Humans Breathe Liquid Like in The Abyss?
todayifoundout.com/index.php/2021/08/can-humans-breathe-liquid-like-in-the-abyss
Blood Substitutes and Oxygen Therapeutics: A Review : Anesthesia & Analgesia
journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2021/01000/Blood_Substitutes_and_Oxygen_Therapeutics__A.20.aspx
A Review of Blood Substitutes: Examining The History, Clinical Trial Results, and Ethics of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers - PMC
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728196
Making artificial blood for transfusions - American Chemical Society
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2017/acs-presspac-april-19-2017/making-artificial-blood-for-transfusions.html
Blood substitutes - Winslow - 1989 - Transfusion - Wiley Online Library
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1537-2995.1989.29990070175.x
Artificial Blood: The Future of Patient Care? — Stanford Blood Center
stanfordbloodcenter.org/pulse-artificial-blood-the-future-of-patient-care
Oxyglobin | HbO2 Therapeutics
hbo2therapeutics.com/copy-of-manufacturing
Hemopure | HbO2 Therapeutics
hbo2therapeutics.com/our-product
Oxyglobin | European Medicines Agency
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/oxyglobin
Pacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Blood
phlbi.org/divisions/blood-disorders/artificial-blood
Oxygen therapeutics: can we tame haemoglobin? | Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
nature.com/articles/nrd1307
Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: oxygen carriers, pressor agents, or oxidants? | Nature Biotechnology
nature.com/articles/nbt0699_545
Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cells as a function of hematocrit and oxygenation - PubMed
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16186121
Surgical blood conservation: Acute normovolemic hemodilution - UpToDate
uptodate.com/contents/surgical-blood-conservation-acute-normovolemic-hemodilution#:~:text=Acute%20normovolemic%20hemodilution%20(ANH)%20is,and%2For%20colloid%20replacement%20fluid.
History of Blood Transfusion
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7945273/pdf/annmedhist148147-0003.pdf
Blood Lust: The Early History of Transfusion - Scientific American Blog Network
blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/blood-lust-the-early-history-of-transfusion
Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins - PMC
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3578950
The role of circulating cell-free hemoglobin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury - PMC
Acute normovolemic hemodilution - PMC
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3592192
Pacific Heart, Lung & Blood Institute - Artificial Blood
phlbi.org/divisions/blood-disorders/artificial-blood
Biomimetic Rebuilding of Multifunctional Red Blood Cells: Modular Design Using Functional Components | ACS Nano
pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.9b08714
First Blood Transfusion: A History - JSTOR Daily
daily.jstor.org/first-blood-transfusion
Clinical Results of Perftoran Application: Present and Future
tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1081/BIO-200046654?needAccess=true
#whiskey #distilling #chemistry
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youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA
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youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc
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Why They Don’t Make Grade B Maple Syrup Anymore:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sophia Roberts
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
William Parsons, OhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
James Chickos, PhD
Sources:
Distillation
chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation
2.2:Distillation
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Book%3A_How_to_be_a_Successful_Organic_Chemist_(Sandtorv)/02%3A_COMMON_ORGANIC_CHEMISTRY_LABORATORY_TECHNIQUES/2.02%3A_Distillation
Distillation
chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation
10.22: Distillation
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/10%3A_Solids_Liquids_and_Solutions/10.22%3A_Distillation
3.S: Functional Groups (Summary)
chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(GSU_-_Dr._Osborne)/03%3A_Organic_Nomenclature_-_Functional_Groups/3.S%3A_Functional_Groups_(Summary)
8.14: Alcohols
chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_North_Texas/UNT%3A_CHEM_1410_-_General_Chemistry_for_Science_Majors_I/Text/08%3A_Properties_of_Organic_Compounds/8.14%3A_Alcohols
2.11: Intermolecular Forces and Relative Boiling Points (bp)
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)/02%3A_Structure_and_Properties_of_Organic_Molecules/2.11%3A_Intermolecular_Forces_and_Relative_Boiling_Points_(bp)
Distillation
chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Wet_Lab_Experiments/Organic_Chemistry_Labs/Misc/Distillation
Overview of Distilled Spirits
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bk-2019-1321.ch011
6 - Chemical Constituents of Grapes and Wine
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123736468500093
#gasstove #pollution #cooking
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Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.
youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY
Why They Don’t Make Grade B Maple Syrup Anymore:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
What Actually Is Premium Gas?
youtu.be/-R39-Tx2808
How Do Hydrogen Fuel Cells Work?
youtu.be/R6AdX-bdDaw
How Carbon Capture Works:
youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Rob Jackson, PhD (Stanford)
Brett Singer
Tara Kahan
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
SOURCES:
docs.google.com/document/d/1oEwYMecDvuWsHE9TdV_VNlCPaqw_eu3vHVUFmsJG55w/edit?usp=sharing
#maillard #foodscience #maplesyrup
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Better Pizza Through Chemistry:
youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc
Surströmming: The Secrets of this Stinky Swedish Fish:
youtu.be/U-Y8qqdjDAk
Why Can’t You Buy *Fresh* Olives?
youtu.be/oStoeHntfG8
How Milk Becomes Cheese:
youtu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY
Is White Chocolate Actually Chocolate?
youtu.be/4qI8qbfTkys
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Thanks to Bill and Susan Freeman
Glastenview Maple Farm
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Timothy D. Perkins, PhD (UVM)
David W. Ball, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Drone Operator:
Kayo Sobey
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources:
The Chemical Composition of Maple Syrup:
cooksinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/David-Ball-The-Chemical-Composition-of-Maple-Syrup.pdf
Chemical composition of five standard grades of pure maple syrup:
mapleresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/0215chemicalcomposition.pdf
United States Standards for Grades of Maple Sirup (Syrup):
federalregister.gov/documents/2015/01/29/2015-01618/united-states-standards-for-grades-of-maple-sirup-syrup#:~:text=U.S.%20Grade%20A%20Golden%20(delicate,taste%2C%20%3C25.0%25Tc)
168.140 Maple sirup:
ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-168/subpart-B/section-168.140
Agriculture - Maple Statistics:
https://www.uvm.edu/extension/agriculture/maple-statistics
Consumer Preference for Graded Maple Syrup:
mapleresearch.org/pub/ne_rp402
Sap flow, wounding and compartmentalization in maple:
themaplenews.com/story/sap-flow-wounding-and-compartmentalization-in-maple/374
North American Maple Syrup Producers Manual full:
https://holmes.osu.edu/sites/holmes/files/imce/Program_Pages/Maple/North%20American%20Maple%20Syrup%20Producers%20Manual%20full%20pdf.pdf
Making the Grade—The Color and Flavor of Maple Syrup:
https://extension.unh.edu/blog/2022/03/making-grade-color-flavor-maple-syrup
Formation of flavour compounds in the Maillard reaction:
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073497500500145X
Maple syrup production from sap preconcentrated to ultra high °Brix by membrane technology: Composition and properties:
mapleresearch.org/pub/centreacerro
Assessment of the Flavor of Syrup Produced with High-Brix RO Systems:
mapleresearch.org/pub/m1217highbrix
United States Standards for Grades of Maple Syrup:
http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/uploads/7/0/9/2/7092109/revised_u.s._standards_for_grades_of_maple_syrup_march_2,2015_1.pdf
Maple syrup grades:
vermontmaple.org/maple-syrup-grades
#earthday #waterfiltration #drinkingwater
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youtu.be/dlHxV0Hpt5I
How Much Water Can Kill You?:
youtu.be/TvcbIXvWl_k
Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable -- and Should We?:
youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE
Extracting Gold from Seawater:
youtu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific Consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
John Dorsey (LMU)
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS: Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/1r4yKLBmHK7LwcSvQ8ee3FRSALhKZT7zgOcZJdFL2lZs/edit?usp=sharing
#implosion #controlledDemolition #dynamite #nitroglycerine
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youtu.be/4Nr3w1BQE18
Is Premium Gas Really Different From Regular?
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youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c
Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?
youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY
Bomb Sniffing Military Dog vs. Machine (and Sam):
youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Brent Blanchard
Jacqueline Akhavan, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS:
Maribel Lopez
Associate Director of Programming for PBS:
Niki Walker
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
SOURCES:
docs.google.com/document/d/1RP9qtH1bYSwLxwJWtW7AeH7vCtAavolkPH5zXr_Tg4Q/edit?usp=sharing
#H2O #hydrogenbonding #dinosaurpee
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Extracting Gold from Seawater
youtu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E
Why is There Plastic in Our Rain?
youtu.be/HUAaurZKi6U
How Much Water Can Kill You?
youtu.be/TvcbIXvWl_k
Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable - and Should We?
youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Xijie Wang, PhD
Emiliano Brini, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
How Water’s Properties Are Encoded in Its Molecular Structure and
Energies:
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00259
Why is the maximum density of water at 4°C?
socratic.org/questions/why-is-the-maximum-density-of-water-at-4-c
A Two-State Picture of Water and the Funnel of Life:
arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02757.pdf
What is life?-lecture: Lars G M Pettersson:
youtube.com/watch?v=1ijHgccuhLE
Dipole-Dipole Force:
courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/dipole-dipole-force/#:~:text=The%20permanent%20dipole%20in%20water,slight%20negative%20charge%20(%CE%B4%2D).
Nuclear Quantum Effects in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions from Neural Network Molecular Dynamics Simulations:
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06433#:~:text=Nuclear%20quantum%20effects%20(NQEs)%20cause,bonding%20and%20proton%20transfer%20barriers
Nuclear quantum effects enter the mainstream:
nature.com/articles/s41570-017-0109
Supercooled water reveals its secrets:
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar3575
Why Water Doesn’t Behave Like a “Normal” Liquid:
ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/05/water-anomalies
Direct Evidence in the Scattering Function for the Coexistence of Two Types of Local Structures in Liquid Water:
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.9b11211
A mechanism for water splitting and oxygen production in photosynthesis:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28368386
Origin of Water’s Strange Properties: Scientists Capture a “Quantum Tug” Between Neighboring Water Molecules:
scitechdaily.com/origin-of-waters-strange-properties-scientists-capture-a-quantum-tug-between-neighboring-water-molecules
SLAC Megaelectronvolt Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Instrument: MeV-UED:
https://lcls.slac.stanford.edu/instruments/mev-ued#:~:text=The%20MeV%2DUED%20instrument%2C%20part,chemical%20and%20
Supercritical water anomalies in the vicinity of the Widom line:
nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51843-0#:~:text=Usually%20the%20locus%20of%20specific,like%20behavior
Markov state model of the two-state behaviour of water:
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/132025/1/132025.pdf
New study provides evidence for decades-old theory to explain the odd behaviors of water:
https://www.princeton.edu/news/2020/07/16/new-study-provides-evidence-decades-old-theory-explain-odd-behaviors-water
Second critical point in two realistic models of water:
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb9796
What is life?-lecture: Lars G M Pettersson:
youtube.com/watch?v=1ijHgccuhLE
LDL vs HDL water:
youtube.com/watch?v=zh1Srcuh2nI
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youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8
What is an Electron?:
youtu.be/dgqHFpP1w2k
How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire:
youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA
Can Mixing Cleaning Chemicals Kill You?:
youtu.be/FH1h0oWjark
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Daniel R. Kuespert, PhD
Carson Arch, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
SOURCES:
docs.google.com/document/d/1E8D3n_8x5GwzssBffT2lQgtbmBB7rSPAQ1jEC_so1e4/edit?usp=sharing
00:00 - Intro
01:18 - What Does Octane Measure?
01:29 - How Combustion Works in a Gasoline Engine
02:13 - How Compression Leads to Self-Ignition
03:00 - Engine Knock
03:31 - How is Gasoline Produced?
04:11 - How is the Octane Rating Measured?
05:29 - Why They Used to Put Lead in Gas
07:07 - Which Gas Should I Use?
#octane #engine #premiumgas
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Chemtrails:
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How Oxygen Masks Brought Down a Plane:
youtu.be/KejaV70RWPk
I Created an Oil Spill in My House:
youtu.be/n2761go6OYg
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
John Heywood, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Here's What 'Compression Ratio' Actually Means And Why It Matters
jalopnik.com/heres-what-compression-ratio-actually-means-and-why-it-1819723873
Here's How Your Car's Engine Works
caranddriver.com/features/a26962316/how-a-car-works
Benefits of a Diesel Engine
kiowacountypress.net/content/benefits-diesel-engine#:~:text=Diesel%20engines%20have%20fewer%20moving,to%20be%20changed%20or%20repaired
Why No Diesel Cars in the U.S.? And, Why is Diesel So Popular Abroad?
rentar.com/no-diesel-cars-u-s-diesel-popular-abroad/#:~:text=Since%20the%20advent%20of%20cars,living%20in%20the%20United%20States
Engine Pre-Ignition
help.summitracing.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5008/~/engine-pre-ignition
25 Dr Andy Explains the Relationship Between Engine Knock and Octane
youtube.com/watch?v=cIL5PT3_G5I
Fractional distillation of petroleum
philipharris.co.uk/blogs/experiments/fractional-distillation-of-petroleum-experiment#:~:text=Petroleum%20can%20be%20separated%20into,the%20process%20of%20refining%20Petroleum.&text=The%20Petroleum%20is%20heated%20up,produced%20enters%20the%20fractionating%20column
Crude oil distillation and the definition of refinery capacity
eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=6970
What is Gasoline?
http://www.idph.state.il.us/cancer/factsheets/gasoline.htm#:~:text=Gasoline%20is%20a%20mixture%20of,%2C%20toluene%2C%20and%20xylenes
Difference Between RON and MON
differencebetween.com/difference-between-ron-and-mon/#:~:text=The%20key%20difference%20between%20RON,at%20high%20temperatures%20and%20speeds.&text=The%20term%20MON%20refers%20to%20the%20motor%20octane%20number
Fact Sheet | A Brief History of Octane in Gasoline: From Lead to Ethanol
eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-a-brief-history-of-octane#:~:text=Ethanol%20as%20an%20Octane%20Booster&text=Currently%2C%20refiners%20create%20'sub%2D,value%20on%20the%20gas%20pump
The World Has Finally Stopped Using Leaded Gasoline. Algeria Used The Last Stockpile
npr.org/2021/08/30/1031429212/the-world-has-finally-stopped-using-leaded-gasoline-algeria-used-the-last-stockp
Lead TetraEthyl and MTBE
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/leadtet/leadh.htm
What is OCTANE in Gasoline? (& Octane Booster Explained)
youtube.com/watch?v=yRPsfvT8Ucc
Here's What 'Compression Ratio' Actually Means And Why It Matters
jalopnik.com/heres-what-compression-ratio-actually-means-and-why-it-1819723873
Watch Out For ‘Regular’ Cars That Need Premium Fuel
forbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2020/05/05/watch-out-for-regular-cars-that-need-premium-fuel/?sh=1c27bbf63abc
Does Higher Compression Mean More Power? Yes, and Here’s Why.
motortrend.com/how-to/compression-ratio-means-more-power
Fuel Economy - Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
fueleconomy.gov/feg/PowerSearch.do?action=PowerSearch&year1=2018&year2=2019&minmsrpsel=0&maxmsrpsel=0&city=0&highway=0&combined=0&cbftmidgasoline=Midgrade+Gasoline&YearSel=2018-2019&MakeSel=&MarClassSel=&FuelTypeSel=Midgrade+Gasoline&VehTypeSel=&TranySel=&DriveTypeSel=&CylindersSel=&MpgSel=000&sortBy=Comb&Units=&url=SearchServlet&opt=new&minmsrp=0&maxmsrp=0&minmpg=&maxmpg=&rowLimit=10
What Is Midgrade Gas?
blog.consumerguide.com/what-is-midgrade-gas
cnet.com/roadshow/news/the-myth-of-midgrade-gas
ocregister.com/2020/11/06/why-do-gas-stations-insist-on-offering-mid-grade-octane
You might also like:
We Made Pop Rocks at Home with Science:
youtu.be/VKKltJy_vck
Why Don’t Antarctic Fish Freeze to Death?:
youtu.be/k4gKYyXgX5g
Can You Cryogenically Freeze Your Body and Come Back to Life?:
youtu.be/Wk2NxBYCe6s
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:
youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY
The Loneliest Whale:
youtu.be/L7mTZAhCeyA
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Sarah Mohr, Yale
Elena Gracheva, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
What is hibernation?
annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-012820-095945
nature.discoveryplace.org/blog/ask-a-naturalist-hibernation-vs.-brumation-vs.-estivation#:~:text=Brumation%20is%20known%20as%20the%20hibernation%20for%20cold%2Dblooded%20animals.&text=Their%20activity%2C%20body%20temperature%2C%20heart,do%20not%20move%20at%20all
Fat tailed lemurs
nature.com/articles/429825a
DOI 10.1007/s00360-002-0300-1
https://lemur.duke.edu/discover/meet-the-lemurs/fat-tailed-dwarf-lemur/
What is metabolism?
livescience.com/metabolism
How does metabolism change in hibernation?
karger.com/Article/Pdf/228829
karger.com/Article/Pdf/228829
Metabolism genetics
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15506953
academic.oup.com/gbe/article/8/8/2413/2198153
academic.oup.com/biohorizons/article/doi/10.1093/biohorizons/hzy002/4969915
pnas.org/content/pnas/89/15/7119.full.pdf
nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31506-2
Examples of climate change affecting hibernation
academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539
academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539
https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham/scientist-charts-effects-of-climate-change-on-hibernating-chipmunks/
https://news.fordham.edu/inside-fordham/scientist-charts-effects-of-climate-change-on-hibernating-chipmunks/
researchgate.net/publication/236230921_The_Relationship_between_Climate_Warming_and_Hibernation_in_Mammals
academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/102/2/574/6224539?login=true
Examples of warmer temps increasing hibernation
sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/08/120808132707.htm
researchgate.net/publication/232694352_Population_and_habitat_relationships_of_Piute_ground_squirrels_in_southwest_Idaho
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/een.13081
#electrons #atoms #theoreticalchemistry
You might also like:
How Can You See an Atom?:
youtube.com/watch?v=ipzFnGRfsfE&t=1s
How Oxygen Masks Brought Down a Plane:
youtu.be/KejaV70RWPk
What Are Isotopes? | Chemistry Basics:
youtube.com/watch?v=GyviEsmrVp0
Forever Chemicals:
youtu.be/tqKEG5LxPiY
Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway):
youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
George Zaidan
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Michael E. Peskin, PhD
Paul Lujan, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Interview with Michael Peskin PhD
bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/physics/how-to-film-an-electron-the-chemistry-of-the-improbable
theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/05/einstein-equation-emc2-special-relativity-alok-jha
nature.com/articles/nature10104
nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25932-6.pdf
https://engineering.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/04/researchers-measure-breakup-single-chemical-bond
wired.com/story/how-did-people-find-the-fundamental-charge-with-drops-of-oil
sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211004203433.htm
u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/press/z0508_00117.html
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.00213/full#h12
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/molecule/NaCl.html#c1
https://web1.eng.famu.fsu.edu/~dommelen/quantum/style_a/pr.html
Pop Rocks® is a registered trademark of Zeta Espacial S.A.; ACS is not affiliated with Zeta Espacial S.A. To learn more about Pop Rocks®, visit www.pop-rocks.com.
You might also like:
I Created an Oil Spill in My House:
youtu.be/n2761go6OYg
Extracting Gold from Seawater:
youtu.be/j5eomDz4Z0E
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why:
youtube.com/watch?v=I1YLPfSuNXY
Science of Concrete & the Surfside Condo Collapse:
youtu.be/4Nr3w1BQE18
Better Pizza Through Chemistry:
youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Richard Hartel, PhD
Sources:
How much pressure is inside a pop rock:
mentalfloss.com/article/525313/what-makes-pop-rocks-pop
allsensors.com/blog/tag/champagne/#:~:text=Depending%20on%20the%20wine%20and,proper%20precautions%20are%20not%20taken.
Pop rocks were originally invented to be an instant soda:
youtube.com/watch?v=Fo8QwdhrIv4
Enzymes on your tongue convert CO2 into protons:
scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/carbonation-has-a-taste-09-10-16/; ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3654389
Your tongue detects CO2 as sour:
wired.com/2009/10/your-tongue-the-carbon-dioxide-sensor
Why do we like carbonated foods?
popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/fyi-carbonated-water-addictive
Claire Saffitz Makes Pop Rocks
bonappetit.com/video/watch/gourmet-makes-pastry-chef-attempts-to-make-gourmet-pop-rocks
Citric Acid and Baking Soda Reaction:
acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/outreach/kidschemistry/chemical-reaction-kids-and-chemistry-kit-teacher-guide.pdf
Fizzy Fruit recipe:
youtube.com/watch?v=So4ZrzBkJsA
Yeast produce CO2
scientificamerican.com/article/single-celled-science-yeasty-beasties/#:~:text=When%20yeasts%20eat%20sugar%20and,process%20is%20known%20as%20fermentation.&text=When%20salt%2C%20baking%20soda%20or,when%20only%20sugar%20was%20used.
What temperature kills yeast?
google.com/search?q=what+temp+kills+yeast&oq=what+temp+kills+yeast&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30l9.3979j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#:~:text=Yeast%20Kill%20%7C%20Baking,processes%20%E2%80%BA%20yeast-kill
Check out Tiny Matters, a new science podcast from the American Chemical Society, hosted and produced by former Reactions writer and host Sam Jones:
Apple Podcasts: podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tiny-matters/id1599757941
Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/5bfRJU0XPaGKJ7Os4vJQFk
Stitcher: stitcher.com/show/tiny-matters
Audible: audible.com/pd/Podcast/B08JJMYZ3Q
And to help us get Tiny Matters on the charts, please follow, rate and subscribe! We appreciate your support!
#chemistry #foodchemistry #goldleaf
You might also like:
How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire
youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA
How Do Blacksmiths Make Swords?
youtu.be/Y_43_u9u_Ag
We Tried to Preserve a Strawberry Forever. Things Got…Ugly:
youtu.be/E25TcUUjqDU
Extracting Gold From Seawater
youtube.com/watch?v=j5eomDz4Z0E
Better Pizza Through Chemistry:
youtu.be/m30YnuF9vUc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Adam Blumenberg, MD
Leila Duman, PhD
Juewen Liu, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Lab safety guide (dimethylmercury):
https://www.ehs.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/lab_safety_guideline_dimethylmercury.pdf
Iron and folate in fortified cereals
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11444421
Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427717
How to extract iron from cereal
sciencefocus.com/science/how-to-extract-iron-from-cereal
Get the Iron out—of Your Breakfast Cereal
scientificamerican.com/article/get-the-iron-out-of-your-breakfast-cereal-bring-science-home
Hemochromatosis
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351443
Type 2 diabetes and the role of body iron stores
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0004563216646397
Gold nanoparticles inside cells are not inert, say researchers
physicsworld.com/a/gold-nanoparticles-inside-cells-are-not-inert-say-researchers
Zinc
ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-Consumer
Introductory Chapter: Introducing Heavy Metals
intechopen.com/chapters/59857
Methylmercury, an environmental electrophile capable of activation and disruption of the Akt/CREB/Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway in SH-SY5Y cells
nature.com/articles/srep28944
Antioxidants Mediate Both Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537786
Mercury in the environment
www2.usgs.gov/themes/factsheet/146-00
A Tribute to Karen Wetterhahn
https://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/about-us/a-tribute-to-karen-wetterhahn/
Mercury Factsheet
cdc.gov/biomonitoring/Mercury_FactSheet.html
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
atsdr.cdc.gov
Environmental Mercury and Its Toxic Effects
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988285
Methylmercury Impact on Adult Neurogenesis: Is the Worst Yet to Come From Recent Brazilian Environmental Disasters?
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2020.591601/full
Methylmercury Exposure and Health Effects
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514465
Delayed Cerebellar Disease and Death after Accidental Exposure to Dimethylmercury
nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199806043382305
Enhancing mineral bioavailability from cereals: Current strategies and future perspectives
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6174934
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Hydrogen fuel cell cars seem great: hydrogen and oxygen in, nothing but water out. But if that hydrogen comes from dirty, carbon-emission spewing power plants, your sustainable car might not be so green after all. #fuelcell #electriccars #emissions
You might also like:
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:
youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY
How Do Airbags Work?:
youtu.be/Y2sjYOGSV7E
How Air Conditioning Works:
youtu.be/PT38gaGciP4
How Carbon Capture Works:
youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk
Bomb Sniffing Military Dog vs. Machine (and Sam):
youtu.be/TRwqOFHOjac
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Jay B. Benziger, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Sources:
How internal combustion engines work
energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/internal-combustion-engine-basics#:~:text=The%20engine%20consists%20of%20a,in%20turn%20rotates%20the%20crankshaft.&text=After%20the%20piston%20compresses%20the,piston%20during%20the%20power%20stroke.
caranddriver.com/features/a26962316/how-a-car-works
energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/internal-combustion-engine-basics#:~:text=The%20engine%20consists%20of%20a,in%20turn%20rotates%20the%20crankshaft.&text=After%20the%20piston%20compresses%20the,piston%20during%20the%20power%20stroke.
Hydrogen combustion engines
www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm03r0.pdf
motorauthority.com/news/1132103_could-hydrogen-keep-the-internal-combustion-engine-alive
Fuel cell chemistry
afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/how-do-fuel-cell-electric-cars-work
Natural gas reforming
energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-natural-gas-reforming
96% of hydrogen made from fossil fuels
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ese3.956
The production of hydrogen for all kinds of industries, not just fuel cells, is responsible for 830 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year
iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/hydrogen
Energy production more efficient at a central plant
forbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2018/08/19/myths-and-shibboleths-about-electric-vehicles-the-long-tailpipe-theory/#:~:text=The%20reason%20is%20as%20simple,the%20efficiency%20of%20these%20vehicles.&text=An%20internal%20combustion%20engine%20in,energy%20simply%20lost%20as%20heat.
EV more efficient than fuel cell
theconversation.com/hydrogen-cars-wont-overtake-electric-vehicles-because-theyre-hampered-by-the-laws-of-science-139899
Benefits of hydrogen powered cars
lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1bf1cbf0-ac2f-4b39-a3de-2df77a9a515e
Green methods of producing hydrogen
http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/hydrogen/basics/production-solar.htm#:~:text=Pigments%20in%20algae%20absorb%20solar,water%20splitting%20using%20thermochemical%20steps
energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-production-photoelectrochemical-water-splitting
What is U.S. electricity generation by energy source?
eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3
#planecrash #oxygenmask #oxygengenerator
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How can fertilizer explode?
youtube.com/watch?v=-SeT3N3A19c
Chemtrails
youtube.com/watch?v=ZonPvpgcBc0
What could an explosion on the sun do here on earth?
youtube.com/watch?v=i7mZBaleCFE
How did climate change help turn the sky orange?
youtube.com/watch?v=foeLC08-nrk
What causes auroras (and where you should see them)
youtube.com/watch?v=8S_LPFOa-zs
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Alex Dainis, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
John Graf, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Background on the disaster
coffeytriallaw.com/valujet-flight-592-miami-fl
Amount of oxygen at 30,000 feet
milehightraining.com/altitude-to-oxygen-chart
Size and shape of chemical oxygen generators
lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2 youtube.com/watch?v=_MTgo_1pwKQ
Canister components
darylariawan.com/writing/2019/3/26/truth-behind-planes-oxygen-masks#:~:text=Above%20every%20row%20of%20seats,less%20than%201%25%20potassium%20perchlorate .
ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9706.pdf
Decomposition reaction
science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/question258.htm#:~:text=Typically%2C%20an%20oxygen%20canister%20contains,of%20the%20reaction%20sustains%20itself.
NTSB accident report
ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9706.pdf
How airplane oxygen generators work
https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Chemical_Oxygen_Generators
Why the O2 mask might smell smokey
usatoday.com/story/travel/columnist/cox/2019/09/27/ask-captain-why-have-bag-oxygen-system-if-wont-inflate/3772763002/#:~:text=Answer%3A%20The%20design%20of%20passenger,is%20a%20continuous%20flow%20design.&text=During%20the%20time%20when%20you,fully%20inflate%20during%20this%20process.
The role of barium peroxide in chemical oxygen generators
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00017a028
Amount of oxygen generated
lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2
Oxygen candle use on submarines and ISS
youtube.com/watch?v=g3Ud6mHdhlQ
space.com/1099-space-station-crew-ignite-oxygen-generating-candles.html
FAA Accident lessons learned
lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=3&LLID=10&LLTypeID=2
Contractor found guilty, mechanic still on the run
nytimes.com/1999/12/07/us/contractor-found-guilty-in-trial-on-valujet-crash.html#:~:text=SabreTech%20Inc.%2C%20the%20aircraft%20maintenance,improperly%20handling%20the%20hazardous%20materials .
clickorlando.com/news/local/2021/05/11/25-years-since-deadly-valujet-592-crash-an-airline-mechanic-remains-on-the-run ; fbi.gov/news/stories/new-reward-for-fugitive-in-1996-valujet-crash-040518
Oxygen jar experiment
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed076p914
Fire melted aluminum components
washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/05/27/valujet-cabin-fire-melted-aluminum/a8ed401f-cbee-4f95-aa75-c17100521224
Safety regulations changed after the crash
wtsp.com/article/news/regional/florida/valujet-crash-change-air-safety-regulations/67-5c3235c1-0578-4806-a07f-73d273787d40
The ocean has around 700 trillion dollars worth of gold in it and Sam’s going to try to get (some of) it.
#gold #mining #OceanChemistry
You might also like:
I Created an Oil Spill in My House:
youtu.be/n2761go6OYg
Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?:
youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY
Can We Make Ocean Water Drinkable—and Should We?:
youtu.be/q16qpo99JEE
How Seashells Are Made:
youtu.be/iUeMxjkSPyM
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Wesley Farrell, PhD
Kelly K. Falkner, PhD
Wendy L. Queen, PhD
Sources:
Gold in seawater
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0012821X9090060B?via%3Dihub
Is there gold in the ocean?
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/gold.html
There’s gold in seawater but we can’t get to it
atlasobscura.com/articles/gold-ocean-sea-hoax-science-water-boom-rush-treasure
New England Gold Hoax of 1898: Greed Meets Moxie
newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/new-england-gold-hoax-1898
Extraction of gold from seawater
nature.com/articles/148171b0.pdf
Patent design for extracting gold from seawater
patents.google.com/patent/US679215A/en
'Sunbeams from cucumbers': an early twentieth-century gold-from-seawater extraction scheme in northern New South Wales
jstor.org/stable/29544589
Prescott Jernegan and the Gold from Seawater Swindle
mvtimes.com/2012/07/25/prescott-jernegan-gold-from-seawater-swindle-11663
Chemistry: Mining the Sea
http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,871061,00.html
Scientists invent method to extract gold from liquid waste
bigthink.com/surprising-science/extracting-gold-from-liquid-waste?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1
$771 Trillion Worth Of Gold Lies Hidden In The Ocean: Good Luck Getting It
forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2017/09/15/771-trillion-worth-gold-hidden-ocean/?sh=61cc3fcb23d3
Germany’s Post-World War I Scheme to Extract Gold from Water
gizmodo.com/germany-s-post-world-war-i-scheme-to-extract-gold-from-499793752
Science: Gold in sea water – not enough to get rich
newscientist.com/article/mg12717242-800-science-gold-in-sea-water-not-enough-to-get-rich
Diving into the History of Seabed Mining
edgeeffects.net/seabed-mining
Rapid, Selective Extraction of Trace Amounts of Gold from Complex Water Mixtures with a Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)/Polymer Composite
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b09555
Metal-organic framework
sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metal-organic-frameworks
Uranium removal from seawater by means of polymeric fabrics grafted with diallyl oxalate through a single-step, solvent-free process
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5927380
Optimizing and evaluating the operational factors affecting the cyanide leaching circuit of the Aghdareh gold processing plant using a CCD model
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2015.0681#:~:text=Gold%20cyanidation%20follows%20an%20electrochemical
#microbes #bacteria #oilspills
You might also like:
How Carbon Capture Works:
youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk
Is There Plastic in My Rain?:
youtu.be/HUAaurZKi6U
Forever Chemicals:
youtu.be/tqKEG5LxPiY
How Do We Fight the California Fires?:
youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8
The Science of How Life Started:
youtu.be/f44OWlsLeT0
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Paige Novak, PhD,
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Gemma Reguera, PhD
Sources:
Deepwater Horizon – BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-spill
Bacteria used to clean at-home oil spill (video demo)
grainger.com/product/ULTRATECH-Product-Type-Granular-Oil-6XMG7
We still don’t know all of the impacts of the BP oil spill
nationalgeographic.com/science/article/bp-oil-spill-still-dont-know-effects-decade-later
Adaptive synthesis of a rough lipopolysaccharide in Geobacter sulfurreducens for metal reduction and detoxification
journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.00964-21
A review in the current developments of genus Dehalococcoides, its consortia and kinetics for bioremediation options of contaminated groundwater
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468203917301668
Degradation of Deepwater Horizon oil buried in a Florida beach influenced by tidal pumping
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X17309037?via%3Dihub
Diverse, rare microbial taxa responded to the Deepwater Horizon deep-sea hydrocarbon plume
nature.com/articles/ismej2015121
Computer modeling could help chlorine-hungry bacteria break down toxic waste
https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2007/06/helping-chlorine-eating-bacteria-clean-toxic-waste
How Microbes Clean Up Our Environmental Messes
popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a7176/how-microbes-will-clean-up-our-messes
Extracellular reduction of uranium via Geobacter conductive pili as a protective cellular mechanism
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21896750
Characterization of mercury bioremediation by transgenic bacteria expressing metallothionein and polyphosphate kinase
bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6750-11-82
It looks like microbes can help clean up mining pollution
massivesci.com/articles/microbes-pollution-mining-cleanup
Breathing' bacteria clean up toxic waste: Civil engineering professor Paige Novak and her colleagues rise to the challenge
https://cse.umn.edu/college/feature-stories/breathing-bacteria-clean-toxic-waste
Microbial communities clean toxic waste and generate useful chemicals
https://biodesign.asu.edu/news/microbial-communities-clean-toxic-waste-and-generate-useful-chemicals
Deepwater Horizon and the Rise of the Omics
eos.org/features/deepwater-horizon-and-the-rise-of-the-omics
These bacteria clean up radioactive waste
https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2021/bacteria-clean-up-radioactive-waste
Cleaning Up Electronic Waste (E-Waste)
epa.gov/international-cooperation/cleaning-electronic-waste-e-waste
Risk Management for Trichloroethylene (TCE)
epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-management-trichloroethylene-tce
Meet the Microbes Eating the Gulf Oil Spill [Slide Show]
scientificamerican.com/slideshow/gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show
Radiation-eating bacteria could make nuclear waste safer
newscientist.com/article/mg23431211-300-radiation-eating-bacteria-could-make-nuclear-waste-safer
Electrified Bacterial Filaments Remove Uranium from Groundwater
scientificamerican.com/article/electrified-bacterial-remove-uranium-groundwater
Molecular structure of different petroleum hydrocarbon representatives
researchgate.net/figure/Molecular-structure-of-different-petroleum-hydrocarbon-representatives_fig1_316965728
Anaerobic Oxidation of Ethane, Propane, and Butane by Marine Microbes: A Mini Review
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02056/full
Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria for the Remediation of Oil Pollution Under Aerobic Conditions: A Perspective Analysis
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02885/full
Check out episode 1 of Vitals! youtu.be/xus08qnUxPE
You might also like:
The Top 5 Strangest Poisons That Can Kill You:
youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8
Can You Cryogenically Freeze Your Body and Come Back to Life?
youtu.be/Wk2NxBYCe6s
How to Dispose of a Dead Body:
youtu.be/1C0AF_y_Ms8
We Tried to Preserve a Strawberry Forever. Things Got…Ugly:
youtu.be/E25TcUUjqDU
What Happens When You Overdose?:
youtu.be/xLSz3wEgwJ8
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Andy Adkins
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Andy Adkins
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sasha Voss, PhD
Danny Wescott, PhD
Sources:
Identifying human diamine sensors for death related putrescine and cadaverine molecules
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5783396
Putrescine and cadaverine rsc.org/images/TM0512-putrescine-cadaverine_tcm18-221656.pdf
Biochemistry Changes That Occur after Death: Potential Markers for Determining Post-Mortem Interval
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836773/#:~:text=An%20early%20study%20reported%20that,by%2096%20hours%20post%2Dmortem.
A greener way to go: what’s the most eco-friendly way to dispose of a body?
theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jul/09/greener-way-to-go-eco-friendly-way-dispose-of-body-burial-cremation
More People Want a Green Burial, but Cemetery Law Hasn’t Caught Up
pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2019/11/20/more-people-want-a-green-burial-but-cemetery-law-hasnt-caught-up#:~:text=While%20no%20state%20laws%20explicitly,burial%20to%20gain%20a%20foothold.
Thinking About Having a ‘Green’ Funeral? Here’s What to Know
nytimes.com/2018/03/22/smarter-living/green-funeral-burial-environment.html
Scientists search for death’s aroma
cen.acs.org/articles/94/i14/Scientists-search-deaths-aroma.html
Recycling the dead
sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/recycling-dead
Decomposers
scienceworld.ca/resource/decomposers
Life after death: the science of human decomposition
theguardian.com/science/neurophilosophy/2015/may/05/life-after-death
Modeling a cadaver decomp island
http://www.mat.ucm.es/momat/2010-05-11NadiaSmithRepotOxfordCadaver.pdf
The science of human decay
vox.com/2014/10/28/7078151/body-farm-texas-freeman-ranch-decay
Cadaver decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091303
Human versus animal: contrasting decomposition dynamics of mammalian analogues in experimental taphonomy
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23550805
The Chemistry Decomposition in Human Corpses
researchgate.net/publication/318772231_The_Chemistry_Decomposition_in_Human_Corpses
Postmortem Changes
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539741
Burial & cremation rates in US
nfda.org/news/statistics#:~:text=Rates%20of%20Cremation%20and%20Burial,up%208.1%25%20from%202015).
Here’s our simple recipe for making stellar pizza at home:
Mix 1 package (0.25 oz) of dry yeast into 1 cup of warm water
Let sit for 5 minutes.
Add 2.5 cups of bread flour and 1 tsp of salt. Mix.
Knead the dough for a few minutes.
Dust your hands with flour and form your pizza dough into a round ball. Transfer to a bowl.
Let the dough sit, covered, in the fridge overnight. THIS IS KEY!
Remove the dough from the fridge, let sit at room temperature for 30 minutes, then using your hands or a rolling pin spread out the dough.
Set your oven as high as it can go (for many ovens that’s 550 degrees F)
Add sauce and toppings
Put your pizza in the oven until the crust starts to brown (should be around 9 minutes, maybe a little longer if you like it crispy!)
Let cool and enjoy!
You might also like:
The Science of Kombucha
youtube.com/watch?v=YxARRckS9dA
We Found The Best Hot Pepper Cure (It’s Not Milk)
youtube.com/watch?v=8R98O29Fs7s
How Milk Becomes Cheese
youtu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY
We 🔥Burned🔥 Food to Figure Out How Many Calories It Has:
youtu.be/ahvE5kuWcps
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Emily Jane Buehler, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Peter Reinhart
Sources:
The Bread Baker’s Apprentice
barnesandnoble.com/w/the-bread-bakers-apprentice-15th-anniversary-edition-peter-reinhart/1123130134
Baking Bread: The Chemistry of Bread-Making
http://www.compoundchem.com/2016/01/13/bread
The chemistry of pizza
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/reactions/videos/2014/the-chemistry-of-pizza.html
The science and magic of breadmaking
theguardian.com/science/blog/2009/nov/26/science-breadmaking
Bread Science: The Chemistry and Craft of Making Bread
twobluebooks.com/books
[Excerpt] Bread Science: The Chemistry and Craft of Making Bread
twobluebooks.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Excerpt-BreadScience.pdf
You might also like:
How Can Fertilizer Explode?
youtube.com/watch?v=-SeT3N3A19c
Are We Standing on a Quadrillion Tons of Diamonds?:
youtu.be/JB-dOm2k6NY
The Great MOLASSES Flood of 1919:
youtu.be/iMPGm3OSvMg
How Carbon Capture Works:
youtu.be/wu3hoo3p4Kk
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Laurence Vuckovic
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Elaine Seward
Host:
George Zaidan
Sam Jones, PhD
Writer:
Andrew Sobey
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Maria Juenger, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Champlain Towers structural field survey:
townofsurfsidefl.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/town-clerk-documents/champlain-towers-south-public-records/8777-collins-ave---structural-field-survey-report.pdf?sfvrsn=882a1194_2
Quotes from the top half of pg 7:
"failed waterproofing is causing major structural damage"
"concrete slab is not sloped to drain... This is a major error in the development of the original contract documents prepared by [the architects]"
Ex-Maintenance Manager for Surfside Condo That Collapsed Recalls Saltwater Intrusion
web.archive.org/web/20210629225013/newsweek.com/ex-maintenance-manager-surfside-condo-that-collapsed-recalls-saltwater-intrusion-1604508
Composition and density of nanoscale calcium–silicate–hydrate in cement
nature.com/articles/nmat1871
Steel Corrosion
sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/steel-corrosion
‘The building was in OK shape.’ The upscale condo near Miami Beach still collapsed.
miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article252325063.html
#diamonds #seismicwaves #earth
You might also like:
The Chemical Origins of Life
youtube.com/watch?v=f44OWlsLeT0
How Do We Know How Old the Earth Is?
youtu.be/7cFYPYaD4zQ
Salt, Diamonds and DNA: 5 Surprising Facts About Crystals
youtu.be/urq8SuPMZ_w
Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)
youtu.be/VUiDwrM2YPI
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Joshua Garber, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Suzette Timmerman, PhD
Sources:
Multidisciplinary Constraints on the Abundance of Diamond and Eclogite in the Cratonic Lithosphere
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GC007534
Diamondiferous garnet harzburgites from the Finsch kimberlite, Northern Cape, South Africa
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00310887
Earthquakes and the Earth's internal structure
amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet-earth/why-are-there-ocean-basins-continents-and-mountains/plate-tectonics/earthquakes-and-the-earth-s-internal-structure
Understanding Earth’s interior
courses.lumenlearning.com/geophysical/chapter/understanding-earths-interior
How we know what lies at Earth’s core
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150814-what-is-at-the-centre-of-earth
Diamonds Unearthed
smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/diamonds-unearthed-141629226
Seismic waves
https://topex.ucsd.edu/es10/es10.1997/lectures/lecture20/secs.with.pics/node3.html
Most diamonds share a common origin story
sciencenews.org/article/most-diamonds-share-common-origin-story
Metastability of diamond ramp-compressed to 2 terapascals
nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03140-4.epdf?sharing_token=upSwbPHhx_HxaQigxdCP_9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0M6LLrOYqAnbf2oqumzx__KT0aNTBUaZAyxpwikI8fH8pWQKL31NAilWtIQa2CU2p7tECnWhK7W3i6RStSb1HezJFrEgMYD1ziBITScJT58aYC1vYaIQ0AmyInnUoPah7E9xjJ5km11mT07PmUF2VP4z2YV_Dok9BXJsEXxIern0HCnpDJYN0PfXbGXhxmjHqU%3D&tracking_referrer=www.sciencenews.org
Rare Diamond Confirms That Earth's Mantle Holds an Ocean's Worth of Water
scientificamerican.com/article/rare-diamond-confirms-that-earths-mantle-holds-an-oceans-worth-of-water
Diamonds show depth extent of Earth's carbon cycle
phys.org/news/2011-09-diamonds-depth-extent-earth-carbon.html
A quadrillion tons of diamonds lurk deep within Earth
nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-earth-diamonds-gems-rare-minerals-earthquakes
Hope diamond formed stunningly close to Earth's core
livescience.com/hope-cullinan-diamonds-deep-origins.html
Earth’s layers
space.com/17777-what-is-earth-made-of.html
#microplastic #pollution #plasticrain
You might also like:
How Plastic Recycling Actually Works:
youtu.be/zO3jFKiqmHo
Can Plastic Be Composted?:
youtu.be/Q02Xi7S5PTM
Cellulose: From Trees to Explosives
youtube.com/watch?v=6KRl0lg7XmQ
How Do We Fight the California Fires?:
youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Christine Knauss, PhD
Jesse Meiller, PhD
Alterra Sanchez, PhD
Sources:
Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of Microplastics in the Marine Environment
marinedebris.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/publications-files/noaa_microplastics_methods_manual.pdf
What are microplastics?
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/microplastics.html
Marine debris fact sheet
marinedebris.noaa.gov/fact-sheets/microplastic-marine-debris-fact-sheet
Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: a review
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34226995
Time to Safeguard the Future Generations from the Omnipresent Microplastics
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34223933
Microplastics and human health
science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6530/672
Synthetically engineered microbial scavengers for enhanced bioremediation
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34218189
Microplastics in the soil-groundwater environment: Aging, migration, and co-transport of contaminants - A critical review
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34186423
The potential effects of microplastics on human health: What is known and what is unknown
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34185251
A review on occurrence, characteristics, toxicology and treatment of nanoplastic waste in the environment
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34173146
Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential health repercussions of micro- and nanoplastics
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34162123
Plastic Rain Is the New Acid Rain
wired.com/story/plastic-rain-is-the-new-acid-rain
Plastic Rain: More Than 1,000 Tons Of Microplastic Rain Onto Western US
earthsky.org/earth/microplastic-rain-western-us
Plastic rain in protected areas of the United States
science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1257
Microplastics are raining down from the sky
nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/microplastics-pollution-falls-from-air-even-mountains
Forget acid rain. Plastic rain is now falling across the U.S.
usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/12/plastic-rain-now-falling-across-u-s-new-study-found/3174549001
It's raining plastic: microscopic fibers fall from the sky in Rocky Mountains
theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/12/raining-plastic-colorado-usgs-microplastics
‘It is raining plastic’: Scientists find colorful microplastic in rain
cnn.com/2019/08/14/health/plastic-rain-colorado-trnd/index.html
Imari Walker on microplastics
https://today.duke.edu/2020/09/imari-walker-mission-protect-our-health-microplastics
Duke’s Imari Walker Uses YouTube to Explain Dangers of Plastic Water Bottles in Entertaining Fashion
sullivanfdn.org/imari-walker
Quantification of Microplastics and Microfibers on U.S. National Park Beaches
marinedebris.noaa.gov/research/quantification-microplastics-and-microfibers-us-national-park-beaches
The microplastics crisis: you are the first responder
https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2019/microplastics-crisis/
In utero exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and duration of human pregnancy.
ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.6202
Bisphenol A (BPA)
niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa/index.cfm
Effects of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical DDT on Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286277
You’ve heard of the epoxy hot dog, but how about the epoxy strawberry? On this week’s episode we’re going to try to make a strawberry last forever. #preservatives #epoxyhotdog #epoxystrawberry
You might also like:
The Science of Kombucha
youtube.com/watch?v=YxARRckS9dA
Are Food Calories Bulloney?
youtube.com/watch?v=ahvE5kuWcps
Is Milk Really the Best Solution to Hot Pepper Heat?
youtube.com/watch?v=8R98O29Fs7s&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kV
How Milk Becomes Cheese:
youtu.be/uJEkb4Hq5jY
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Andy Hirneisen, MA
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Selina Wang, PhD
Special thanks to Catie Profaci and the Daneman Lab at UC San Diego
Sources:
Floor sealer safety data sheet
http://sds.betco.com/sds/BetcoSDS/607.pdf
Chapter 13 - Mycotoxins in Foods: Mycotoxicoses, Detection, and Management
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128115152000135
The history of preserving food at home
https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_preservation_is_as_old_as_mankind
SPOILAGE PROBLEMS | Problems Caused by Fungi
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847300003153
Embalming products in Death Care
synergist.aiha.org/201903-mortal-exposures
Preserving meat underground
norwegianamerican.com/from-preservation-technique-to-delicacy/#:~:text=Burying%20fish%2C%20or%20meat%2C%20in,sand%20to%20keep%20it%20cold.
Paraformaldehyde fixative
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5359366/#:~:text=PFA%20causes%20covalent%20cross%2Dlinks,properties%20of%20the%20cell%20surface.&text=Compared%20to%20an%20unfixed%20cell,entire%20cell%20surface%20%5B11%5D.
Pickling at home
https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/can6b_pickle.html
The human skin microbiome
nature.com/articles/nrmicro.2017.157
Find us on all these places:
Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions
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Does slathering on sunscreen do anything beyond preventing a sunburn? Can it actually stop us from getting wrinkles or skin cancer? #sunscreen #skincancer #sunburn #wrinkles
You might also like:
The World's Most Unavoidable Carcinogen:
youtu.be/7ZXvngquyT4
How Do Anti-Wrinkle Creams Work?:
youtu.be/2ueEEwg7bck
What is Ringworm and How Do You Get Rid of It?:
youtu.be/oM3HlbVIw6A
How Does Moisturizer Work?:
youtu.be/QdNPiW4ZULk
What's the Deal with Acne?:
youtu.be/KrMbwDil1hc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Brian Diffey, PhD
Uli Osterwalder, MS
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Ingredients: The strange chemistry of what we put in us and on us
penguinrandomhouse.com/books/599202/ingredients-by-george-zaidan
Shedding More Light on Sunscreen Absorption
fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/shedding-more-light-sunscreen-absorption
FDA advances new proposed regulation to make sure that sunscreens are safe and effective
fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-advances-new-proposed-regulation-make-sure-sunscreens-are-safe-and-effective
New sunscreens and the precautionary principle
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26885870
Protein oxidation, UVA and human DNA repair
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4962777
Use of sunscreen and risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29620003
How do the chemicals in sunscreen protect our skin from damage
theconversation.com/how-do-the-chemicals-in-sunscreen-protect-our-skin-from-damage-74355
Sunscreen and Prevention of Skin Aging
acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002?articleid=1691733&
UV rays
healthline.com/health/skin/uva-vs-uvb#uv-ray-strength
Mechanisms of DNA damage by UV rays
news-medical.net/life-sciences/The-Mechanism-of-DNA-Damage-by-UV-Radiation.aspx
Sunscreen history
https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/postings/2016/05/summer_skin.php
Sunlight damage to cellular DNA: Focus on oxidatively generated lesions
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584917300382
UVA-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA: a direct photochemical mechanism?
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2010/ob/b924712b#!divAbstract
How does sunscreen protect you?
yalescientific.org/2012/05/how-does-sunscreen-protect-you
Tanning and your skin
skincancer.org/risk-factors/tanning
Risks of tanning
fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/risks-tanning
Sunscreen and skin cancer
vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/25/17500704/sunscreen-skin-cancer
The sunscreen gap
healthline.com/health/black-people-need-sunscreen
Skin cancer foundation
skincancer.org/blog/photoaging-what-you-need-to-know
Generation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine
researchgate.net/figure/Generation-of-8-oxo-7-8-dihydroguanine-and-its-altered-base-pairing-property-A_fig2_309755347
Wait, What’s the Deal With Sunscreen? Does It Work or Not?
wired.com/story/whats-deal-with-sunscreen-does-it-work-or-not
Here’s that very cool carbon dioxide removal and storage proposal we mentioned in the video: pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561
#carboncapture #co2 #climatesolutions
You might also like:
Catalytic Converter Stolen? Here's Why.:
youtu.be/I1YLPfSuNXY
How Do We Fight the California Fires?:
youtu.be/fNGq8hEuNb8
How Did Climate Change Help Turn the Sky Orange?:
youtu.be/foeLC08-nrk
The Chemical Origins of Life:
youtu.be/f44OWlsLeT0
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Peter Psarras, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Carbonplan.org
carbonplan.org
Carbon Dioxide removal primer
cdrprimer.org
Weight of Earth’s atmosphere
britannica.com/story/how-much-does-earths-atmosphere-weigh#:~:text=The%20total%20mass%20of%20Earth's,one%20millionth%20of%20Earth's%20mass.
CO2 emitted each year
usgs.gov/faqs/how-much-carbon-dioxide-does-united-states-and-world-emit-each-year-energy-sources?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products
Carbon capture and storage
https://www.nap.edu/read/10922/chapter/9#85
CC prizes
massivesci.com/articles/elon-musk-prize-earthshot-bezos
Elon Musk’s X prize
xprize.org/prizes/elonmusk
Compressing CO2
ascoco2.com/us/co2-production-and-co2-recovery-plants/general-information-about-co2
Better carbon capture through chemistry
cen.acs.org/articles/93/web/2015/12/Better-Carbon-Capture-Through-Chemistry.htmlv
Carbon Capture Technologies Are Improving Nicely
scientificamerican.com/article/carbon-capture-technologies-are-improving-nicely
Carbon capture and storage
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/climate-solutions/carbon-capture-storage
Carbon capture and storage 101
rff.org/publications/explainers/carbon-capture-and-storage-101
Carbon capture
c2es.org/content/carbon-capture
Carbon capture technology has been around for decades — here’s why it hasn’t taken off
cnbc.com/2021/01/31/carbon-capture-technology.html
Underground storage of carbon captured directly from air—green and economical
phys.org/news/2021-06-underground-storage-carbon-captured-airgreen.html
What is carbon sequestration?
usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products
Carbon capture coalition
carboncapturecoalition.org
Carbonate chemistry
sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/469-carbonate-chemistry
To Combat Climate Change, Researchers Want to Pull Carbon Dioxide From the Ocean and Turn It Into Rock
smithsonianmag.com/innovation/combat-climate-change-researchers-want-to-pull-carbon-dioxide-from-ocean-and-turn-it-into-rock-180977903
IPCC carbon stats https://www.ipcc.ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/
Carbon absorbed by trees
sierraclub.org/sierra/2016-2-march-april/ask-mr-green/how-much-carbon-do-trees-really-store
Daily CO2
https://www.co2.earth/daily-co2
Saline Water-Based Mineralization Pathway for Gigatonne-Scale CO2 Management
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561
Running Tide Technologies
npr.org/2021/03/01/970670565/run-the-oil-industry-in-reverse-fighting-climate-change-by-farming-kelp
Saline Aquifers
http://igutek.scripts.mit.edu/terrascope/?page=Saline
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youtube.com/watch?v=4hQ0G0GaYR8
How Do Blacksmiths Make Swords?:
youtu.be/Y_43_u9u_Ag
The US Military Gave Out Shark Repellent For Years. . . So Why Did They Stop?
youtube.com/watch?v=4u54c7cRAog
Are We Breathing Caesar's Last Breath:
youtu.be/a4v5U4J373k
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George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
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Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Christopher Holstege, MD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sean Scott, PhD
SOURCES
Why ancient Rome kept choosing bizarre and perverted emperors
vox.com/2015/5/7/8564895/crazy-roman-emperors
Neuronal Calcium Signaling
cell.com/neuron/comments/S0896-6273(00)80510-3
The cationic (calcium and lead) and enzyme conundrum
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917763
Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicity
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909981
Lead and Lead Poisoning from Antiquity to Modern Times
https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/23252/V088N3-078.pdf?sequence=1
The Exposure of Some Romano-British Populations to Lead
jstor.org/stable/26294986?seq=1
Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0048969787903664
Enhanced methods for assessment of the trace element composition of Iron Age bone
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969708002350
The first artificial sweetener poisoned lots of Romans
gizmodo.com/the-first-artificial-sweetener-poisoned-lots-of-romans-5877587
Lead Chemistry
rsc.org/periodic-table/element/82/lead
Why lead is dangerous, and the damage it does
theconversation.com/why-lead-is-dangerous-and-the-damage-it-does-116506
Lead poisoning and health
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health
Tracking Roman lead sources using lead isotope analysis. A case study from the imperial rural estate at Vagnari (Puglia, Italy)
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X2100033X?via%3Dihub
Lead between the lines
nature.com/articles/nchem.1761
Lead in ancient Rome’s city waters
pnas.org/content/111/18/6594
Lead poisoning and the fall of Rome
washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2016/02/17/lead-poisoning-and-the-fall-of-rome
Deadly lead: how lead poisoning affected the Roman Empire
sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/lead-poisoning-roman-empire-research-italy-archaeology-1.740191
Londinium Romans’ blood lead levels so high they may have lowered birth rates
chemistryworld.com/news/londinium-romans-blood-lead-levels-so-high-they-may-have-lowered-birth-rates/4010808.article
Lead: Versatile Metal, Long Legacy
https://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/more-metals/lead-versatile-metal-long-legacy/
Ancient Roman Metal Used for Physics Experiments Ignites Science Feud
scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-roman-lead-physics-archaeology-controversy
ScienceShot: Did Lead Poisoning Bring Down Ancient Rome?
sciencemag.org/news/2014/04/scienceshot-did-lead-poisoning-bring-down-ancient-rome#:~:text=Some%20historians%20argue%20that%20lead,and%20hastened%20the%20empire's%20fall.&text=While%20the%20lead%20contamination%20was,major%20culprit%20in%20Rome's%20demise.
Elevated lead exposure in Roman occupants of Londinium: New evidence from the archaeological record
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/arcm.12513
Saturnine Gout among Roman Aristocrats — Did Lead Poisoning Contribute to the Fall of the Empire?
nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM198303173081123
The deadly biology of lead exposure
https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/deadly-biology-lead-exposure/
Former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder Charged In Flint Water Crisis
npr.org/2021/01/13/956592508/new-charges-in-flint-water-crisis-including-former-michigan-gov-rick-snyder
#trivia #chemistry
++ Note: A viewer pointed out (thank you Ryan Herold!) that we said pickle fermentation produces vinegar (acetic acid) but it actually produces lactic acid. Acetic acid is also a product of fermentation, just not the same fermentation involved in pickling.
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youtu.be/41l4DBdK7Bw
The Ultimate Coffee Roasting Chemistry Throwdown
youtu.be/4Wey8GSglkw
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Matt Hartings, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
‘Sniffing out’ fruity thiols in hoppy beers
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2021/acs-presspac-january-6-2021/sniffing-out-fruity-thiols-in-hoppy-beers.html
For A Proper Pretzel Crust, Count On Chemistry And Memories
npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/08/09/338591194/for-a-proper-pretzel-crust-count-on-chemistry-and-memories#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20the,small%20sugars%20and%20amino%20acids.
Food chemists uncover the secrets behind pretzels’ unique scent
cen.acs.org/environment/food-science/Food-chemists-uncover-secrets-behind/97/i25
Cracking open the mystery of how many bubbles are in a glass of beer
acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2021/acs-presspac-april-21-2021/cracking-open-the-mystery-of-how-many-bubbles-are-in-a-glass-of-beer.html
Hops
hopculture.com/what-are-hops
The chemistry of cocktail foam
compoundchem.com/2016/04/18/shtb-foams
Molecular mixed drinks
viralnova.com/molecular-mixology
#diabetes #bloodsugar #insulin
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How Much Candy Would Kill You?:
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What's the Difference Between Sugar and High Fructose Corn Syrup?:
youtu.be/fXMvregmU1g
Do Ketogenic Diets Really Work?:
youtu.be/nU07pvKK7nw
How to Stay Awake Without Caffeine:
youtu.be/SvEQBURrPow
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George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
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Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Thomas Delong, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Peter Havel, DVM, PhD
Katie Page, MD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Kimber Stanhope, PhD
Sources:
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction
bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h3576
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/11/2477
A Prospective Study of Sugar Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women
care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/26/4/1008.full.pdf
Gestational diabetes
diabetes.org/diabetes/gestational-diabetes/how-will-this-impact-my-baby
Type 2 diabetes
cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html
Diabetes
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444
Visceral fat and diabetes
diabetes.co.uk/body/visceral-fat.html
Gestational diabetes
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339
Symptoms & Causes of Diabetes
niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/symptoms-causes
Sugar and diabetes
diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/eating-with-diabetes/food-groups/sugar-and-diabetes
Does eating too much sugar cause diabetes?
chicagocaresdpp.org/does-eating-too-much-sugar-cause-diabetes
Why too much sugar is bad for you
healthline.com/nutrition/too-much-sugar
Does sugar cause diabetes?
healthline.com/nutrition/does-sugar-cause-diabetes#bottom-line
Belly fat promotes diabetes
https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/belly-fat-promotes-diabetes-under-orders-liver#:~:text=The%20fat%20that%20builds%20up,determining%20what%20causes%20the%20inflammation.
Sugar and diabetes
pcrm.org/news/blog/does-sugar-cause-diabetes
Reiser, S., et al., Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. II. Effect on fasting blood insulin, glucose, and glucagon and on insulin and glucose response to a sucrose load. Am J Clin Nutr, 1979. 32(11): p. 2206-16.
Hallfrisch, J., et al., Effects of dietary fructose on plasma glucose and hormone responses in normal and hyperinsulinemic men. J Nutr, 1983. 113(9): p. 1819-26.
Reiser, S., et al., Serum insulin and glucose in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose. Am J Clin Nutr, 1981. 34(11): p. 2348-58.
Schwarz, J.M., et al., Effect of a High-Fructose Weight-Maintaining Diet on Lipogenesis and Liver Fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015. 100(6): p. 2434-42.
Aeberli I, Hochuli M, Gerber PA, Sze L, Murer SB, Tappy L, Spinas GA, Berneis K. Moderate amounts of fructose consumption impair insulin sensitivity in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jan;36(1):150-6.
Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, Hatcher B, Cox CL, Dyachenko A, Zhang W, McGahan JP, Seibert A, Krauss RM, Chiu S, Schaefer EJ, Ai M, Otokozawa S, Nakajima K, Nakano T, Beysen C, Hellerstein MK, Berglund L, Havel PJ. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1322-34.
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youtu.be/8R98O29Fs7s
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youtu.be/4Wey8GSglkw
#calories #nutrition #diet
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Janet Novotny, PhD
Joshua Petimar, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Energy in pistachios
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21733319
Baer D J, Gebauer SK, Novotny JA. Measured energy value of pistachios in the human diet. Br J Nutr 2012; 107 (1):120-5.
Energy in almonds
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22760558
Novotny JA, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ. Discrepancy between the Atwater factor predicted and empirically measured energy values of almonds in human diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96 (2):296-301.
Energy in walnuts
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26581681
Baer DJ, Gebauer SK, Novotny JA. Walnuts Consumed by Healthy Adults Provide Less Available Energy than Predicted by the Atwater Factors. J Nutr 2016; 146 (1):9-13.
Energy in different forms of almonds
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27713968
Gebauer SK, Novotny JA, Bornhorst GM, Baer DJ. Food processing and structure impact the metabolizable energy of almonds. Food & Function 2016; 7(10):4231-4238.
Energy in cashews
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30586843
Baer DJ, Novotny JA. Metabolizable Energy from Cashew Nuts is Less than that Predicted by Atwater Factors. Nutrients 2019; 24;11(1).
Weighing in on calories
acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/2017-2018/april2018/weighing-in-on-calories.html
Calorie restriction
nia.nih.gov/health/calorie-restriction-and-fasting-diets-what-do-we-know
H.R.3562 - Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990
congress.gov/bill/101st-congress/house-bill/3562
What are calories?
livescience.com/52802-what-is-a-calorie.html
Understanding calories
nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-weight/understanding-calories
Food label accuracy
health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2012/08/21/when-nutrition-labels-lie#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20Nutrition%20Facts%20labels%20are,not%20be%20violating%20the%20law.
Bomb calorimeter
sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/bomb-calorimeter
How are calories calculated?
livescience.com/62808-how-calories-are-calculated.html#:~:text=To%20use%20this%20tool%2C%20scientists,only%20way%20to%20measure%20calories.
How Do Food Manufacturers Calculate the Calorie Count of Packaged Foods?
scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-food-manufacturers
General chemistry: calorimeter
courses.lumenlearning.com/sanjacinto-atdcoursereview-genchemistry1-1/chapter/calorimetry
#opioids #heroin #opioidcrisis
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youtu.be/4hQ0G0GaYR8
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youtu.be/aT4qzgEQr-Y
What is Addiction?:
youtu.be/C6I3CHhBGeQ
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Producers:
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Elaine Seward
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Michelle Boucher, PhD
Kelly Dunn, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Kim Janda, PhD
Sources:
Frederich Serturner
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1786314
Opioid toxicity
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431077
Opioid overdoses--world stats https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/opioid-overdose#:~:text=difficulties%20with%20breathing.-,Worldwide%2C%20about%200.5%20million%20deaths%20are%20attributable%20to%20drug%20use,of%20opioid%20overdose%20in%202017
Opioid death rates in the US
drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates#:~:text=Opioid%2Dinvolved%20overdose%20deaths%20rose,in%202018%20with%2046%2C802%20deaths.
Inside the Story of America’s 19th-Century Opiate Addiction
smithsonianmag.com/history/inside-story-americas-19th-century-opiate-addiction-180967673
Abuse-deterrent opioids
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09545-cover2
NIH solicits research into vaccines that protect against opioid use genengnews.com/insights/nih-solicits-research-into-vaccines-to-protect-against-opioid-use
Vaccines against addictive drugs push forward despite past failures
cen.acs.org/articles/96/i8/Vaccines-against-addictive-drugs-push.html?utm_source=ACSMembership&utm_medium=Webinar&utm_campaign=CEN
Looking beyond opioids for safer pain relief
cen.acs.org/articles/95/i45/chemists-responding-opioid-epidemic.html?utm_source=ACSMembership&utm_medium=Webinar&utm_campaign=CEN
Opioid abuse timeline (FDA)
fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant-events-addressing-opioid-misuse-and-abuse
Overdose death rates
drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates#:~:text=Opioid%2Dinvolved%20overdose%20deaths%20rose,in%202018%20with%2046%2C802%20deaths.
Prostaglandins
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Lipids/Fatty_Acids/Prostaglandins#:~:text=Prostaglandin%20Structure-,Prostaglandins%20are%20unsaturated%20carboxylic%20acids%2C%20consisting%20of%20of%20a%2020,two%2C%20or%20three%20double%20bonds.&text=A%20typical%20structure%20is%20on%20the%20left%20graphic.
God’s Own Medicine
skepticalinquirer.org/2017/03/gods-own-medicine
Heroin
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Heroin
Ibuprofen
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ibuprofen
Oxycodone
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Oxycodone
Heroin chapter
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0123693977004568
Structure of ibuprofen bound to COX-2
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276492
Use of Oxycodone in Pain Management
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4018705/#:~:text=Oxycodone%20is%20an%20analgesic%20opioid,market%20in%201996%20(2).
Overcoming opioids: The quest for less addictive drugs
statnews.com/2017/04/17/opioids-quest-less-addictive-drugs
Rats prefer sugar to heroin
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28645064
NIDA heroin info
drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/heroinrrs_11_14.pdf
Heroin History
hazelden.org/HAZ_MEDIA/7988_heroin.pdf
Frontline PBS: Opium throughout history pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history.html
The Ongoing Opioid Prescription Epidemic: Historical Context
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940677
Heroin’s Addiction’s Fraught History
theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/02/heroin-addictions-fraught-history/284001
Heroin Prescription and History
core.ac.uk/reader/189542775?utm_source=linkout
Addiction medications
americanaddictioncenters.org/addiction-medications
Opiate history
michaelshouse.com/opiate-rehab/history-of-opiates
Death Tolls
cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html
Overdose Increases
cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/p1218-overdose-deaths-covid-19.html
Etanercept
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545252
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Head over to Eons to find out more about how they're celebrating Earth Day, and tell them Reactions sent you! youtu.be/P-YLTbm2GNQ
Catalytic converter theft is on the rise, and that’s partly because of their chemistry.
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George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Deborah Aruguete, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Luis Ricardez Sandoval, PhD
Sources:
History of Reducing Air Pollution from Transportation in the United States
epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/accomplishments-and-success-air-pollution-transportation
How smog affects health
epa.ohio.gov/dapc/echeck/whyecheck/healthef
Current scenario of CNG vehicular pollution and their possible abatement technologies: an overview
link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-020-10361-7
Libre texts: Catalytic converters
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/07%3A_Case_Studies-_Kinetics/7.01%3A_Catalytic_Converters
Platinum Group Metal Recovery from Spent Catalytic Converters Using XRF
thermofisher.com/blog/metals/platinum-group-metal-recovery-from-spent-catalytic-converters-using-xrf
Washington University catalytic converters lab tutorial
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/CourseTutorials/Tutorials/AirQuality/CatalyticConverter.htm
BBC Bitesize
bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqd2mp3/revision/6
Thieves Nationwide Are Slithering Under Cars, Swiping Catalytic Converters
nytimes.com/2021/02/09/climate/catalytic-converter-theft.html
As precious metals prices soar, Minnesota becomes hot spot for catalytic converter thefts
mprnews.org/story/2021/03/16/as-precious-metals-prices-soar-minnesota-becomes-a-hotspot-for-catalytic-converter-thefts
Hydrogen peroxide reduction on single platinum nanoparticles
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2020/sc/d0sc00379d
Effects of Platinum Electrode on Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen Peroxide Formation in Aqueous Phase Pulsed Corona Electrical Discharge
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie0511480
Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at platinum electrodes. Part 1. An adsorption-controlled mechanism
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013468697001254
A precious metal that costs 15 times the price of gold is driving a surge in thefts of catalytic converters
washingtonpost.com/world/africa/catalytic-converter-theft-south-africa-rhodium/2021/03/03/dc288192-777d-11eb-9489-8f7dacd51e75_story.html
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#pfas #foreverchemicals #pfoa #genx #pfos
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
David Andrews, PhD
Jamie DeWitt, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Cheryl Hogue
Brianne Raccor, PhD
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First study on PFAS binding to human serum
jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)65805-3/pdf
PFAS Half-Life
nrdc.org/sites/default/files/media-uploads/nrdc_pfas_report.pdf
Albumin is the major carrier protein for PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA and PFDA in human plasma
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019331964
PFAS in the environment
tn.gov/content/dam/tn/environment/solid-waste/documents/esos/sw_esos-13_2018-05-16-1540-jones.pdf
An overview of the uses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/em/d0em00291g#!divAbstract
Understanding organofluorine chemistry. An introduction to the C–F bond
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2008/cs/b711844a/unauth#!divAbstract
EPA Takes Action to Address PFAS in Drinking Water
epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-takes-action-address-pfas-drinking-water
The hunt is on for GenX chemicals in people
cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/hunt-GenX-chemicals-people/97/i14
Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255
A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30470793
‘Forever chemicals’ no more? These technologies aim to destroy PFAS in water
cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/Forever-chemicals-technologies-aim-destroy/97/i12
Deposition of PFAS 'forever chemicals' on Mt. Everest
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33353778
A review of the emerging treatment technologies for PFAS contaminated soils
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32063301
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through drinking water: A review of the recent scientific literature
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31421451
PFAS guide
cen.acs.org/sections/pfas.html
PFAS Research
niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/pfas/index.cfm
Endocrine Disruption of Androgenic Activity by Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Clinical and Experimental Evidence
academic.oup.com/jcem/article/104/4/1259/5158211
EPA Action Plan (2019)
epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-02/documents/pfas_action_plan_021319_508compliant_1.pdf
PFAS FDA
fda.gov/food/chemicals/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas
Contamination map in US
ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map
Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412013001220
High Levels Of ‘Forever Chemicals’ Detected In Northern Virginia Drinking Water
dcist.com/story/21/03/10/high-levels-toxic-pfas-forever-chemicals-northern-virginia-drinking-water
PFAS fact sheet
ngwa.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/pfas/pfastop-10.pdf?sfvrsn=8c8ef98b_2#:~:text=Studies%20have%20estimated%2095%20percent,%2C%20inhalation%2C%20and%20occupational%20contact.
Accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in human tissues
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412013001220?via%3Dihub
Binding of PFOS to serum albumin and DNA: insight into the molecular toxicity of perfluorochemicals
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656506
How to say goodbye to PFAS
cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-pollutants/say-goodbye-PFAS/97/i46
Viscous Microemulsions of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) and Jet Fuel A Inhibit Infiltration and Subsurface Transport
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00868
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
What’s better at finding a hidden bomb--a dog, or an electronic chemical detector? Let’s find out.
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How Can Fertilizer Explode?:
youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c
What Makes Smartphones Explode?
youtube.com/watch?v=pY-kzHn9kvo
What Could An Explosion On the Sun Do Here On Earth?
youtube.com/watch?v=i7mZBaleCFE
What Exactly Happened at Chernobyl?
youtube.com/watch?v=uvpS2lUHZD8
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Lauryn DeGreef, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Mark Fisher, PhD
Simon Gadbois, PhD
Braden C. Giordano, PhD
Eileen Jenkins, DVM
Steven Munger, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Detection of land mines by amplified fluorescence quenching of polymer films: a man-portable chemical sniffer for detection of ultratrace concentrations of explosives emanating from land mines spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/4038/0000/Detection-of-land-mines-by-amplified-fluorescence-quenching-of-polymer/10.1117/12.396225.short?SSO=1
Is It Possible to Predict the Odor of a Molecule on the Basis of its Structure?
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627536
Odors: from chemical structures to gaseous plumes. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31931034
Vapor Pressure of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) Estimated Using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26505487
Detection dogs sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914018303552?via%3Dihub
Prostate cancer and dog sense of smell ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808627
Sniffing animals as a diagnostic tool in infectious diseases ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734357
Demining Dogs in Colombia - A Review of Operational Challenges, Chemical Perspectives, and Practical Implications ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27320400
The Limits of Detection newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-limits-of-detection
Sniffing Out Bombs: Canine vs. Machine wired.com/2002/04/sniffing-out-bombs-canine-vs-machine
Can next-generation bomb ‘sniffing’ technology outdo dogs on explosives detection?
theconversation.com/can-next-generation-bomb-sniffing-technology-outdo-dogs-on-explosives-detection-60610
Dogs Teach Bomb-Sniffing Machines New Tricks [Podcast episode, 2017] scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/dogs-teach-bomb-sniffing-machines-new-tricks
America Is Running Out of Bomb-Sniffing Dogs [2017 article] nytimes.com/2017/08/04/opinion/sunday/bomb-sniffing-dogs-terrorism-security.html
Dog sniffing at the superbowl abcnews.go.com/US/mans-best-friend-bomb-sniffing-dogs-securing-super/story?id=68691182
Birds and Dogs: Toward a Comparative Perspective on Odor Use and Detection ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6103309
Dogs' olfactory diagnostics applied on human species: state of the art and clinical perspectives. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27598027
Odor Perception by Dogs: Evaluating Two Training Approaches for Odor Learning of Sniffer Dogs academic.oup.com/chemse/article/42/5/435/3747759
Olfaction and aging karger.com/Article/FullText/381619
Olfactory Generalization in Detector Dogs ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31546835
When the Nose Doesn’t Know: Canine Olfactory Function Associated With Health, Management, and Potential Links to Microbiota ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884888
Explosives-sniffing grasshoppers? newscientist.com/article/2233645-cyborg-grasshoppers-have-been-engineered-to-sniff-out-explosives
Sniffer dogs in the melanoma clinic? (This is the first study that indicated dogs might be able to sniff out cancers, but it was a case study) thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(89)92257-5/fulltext
Canine scent detection for the diagnosis of lung cancer in a screening-like situation iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1752-7155/10/4/046003/meta
Conducting polymers in sensor design intechopen.com/books/conducting-polymers/conducting-polymers-in-sensor-design
DARPA Dog’s Nose
discovermagazine.com/technology/future-tech-19
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
You might also like:
Why is Carbon the Key to Life? (On Earth, Anyway)
youtube.com/watch?v=VUiDwrM2YPI
Space Mirrors and Other Weird Ways to Fight Climate Change
youtube.com/watch?v=9agoVDFJs8A
What Meteors Reveal About Earth’s Hidden Past
youtu.be/3TE1eedWO9w
What Does the Moon Smell Like?
youtu.be/iQod_oYnFTc
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Jason Dworkin, PhD
Lelia Duman, PhD
Nicholas Hud, PhD
Sources:
Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus
nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1174-4
Habitable zones of different stars
nasa.gov/ames/kepler/habitable-zones-of-different-stars
The Habitable Zone
planetary.org/articles/what-is-the-habitable-zone#:~:text=Earth%20is%20the%20only%20planet,Sun%20to%20harbor%20liquid%20water.&text=Venus%20may%20have%20once%20had,the%20liquid%20water%20to%20evaporate.
Protein Synthesis and the Genetic Code
chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Eastern_Mennonite_University/EMU%3A_Chemistry_for_the_Life_Sciences_(Cessna)/19%3A_Nucleic_Acids/19.4%3A_Protein_Synthesis_and_the_Genetic_Code#:~:text=The%20genetic%20code%20can%20therefore,seen%2C%20is%20called%20a%20codon.
Early life on earth
bbc.com/future/article/20200115-what-the-earliest-life-on-earth-looked-like
Phosphate backbone
nature.com/scitable/definition/phosphate-backbone-273
Phosphodiester Bond
sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/phosphodiester-bond
Primordial soup
popularmechanics.com/science/a34649466/primordial-soup-theory-origins-of-life-darwin
Life on Venus? The picture gets cloudier
nytimes.com/2021/02/08/science/venus-life-phosphine.html
A Biologist Explains: What is Life?
forbes.com/sites/jvchamary/2019/03/27/what-is-life/?sh=42ca4f0e1c77
Alternative Definitions of Life: Perspective Matters
sfu.ca/colloquium/PDC_Top/OoL/whatislife/Vikingmission.html#:~:text=The%20NASA%20Astrobiology%20Institute%20Definition,a%20simple%20test%20for%20life.
The Seven Pillars of Life
science.sciencemag.org/content/295/5563/2215
Darwinian Evolution
livescience.com/474-controversy-evolution-works.html
Water on Mars
space.com/8642-flashback-water-mars-announced-10-years.html
Life on other planets?
exoplanets.nasa.gov/faq/5/is-there-life-on-other-planets
Exoplanet atmospheres
https://www.physics.uu.se/research/astronomy-and-space-physics/research/planets/exoplanet-atmospheres/#:~:text=The%20most%20successful%20method%20for,is%20the%20transit%20spectroscopy%20method.&text=By%20measuring%20the%20fraction%20of,the%20atmosphere%20can%20be%20inferred.
Hubble versus James Webb Telescope
jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/comparisonWebbVsHubble.html#:~:text=Webb%20will%20primarily%20look%20at,it%20has%20some%20infrared%20capability
Ingredients for life in space
nhm.ac.uk/discover/eight-ingredients-life-in-space.html
Habitability on Mars from a Microbial Point of View
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00866015/document
Vocabulary of Definitions of Life Suggests a Definition
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/073911011010524992
Goddard Media Studios--transit spectroscopy
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11428
Phosphine gas found in Venus’ atmosphere may be ‘a possible sign of life’
sciencenews.org/article/phosphine-gas-found-venus-atmosphere-possible-sign-life#:~:text=But%20the%20signature%20of%20phosphine,absorbs%20light%20in%20that%20wavelength.&text=Phosphine%20takes%20a%20fair%20amount,is%20found%20in%20Venus'%20atmosphere.
NASA definition of life
astrobiology.nasa.gov/research/life-detection/about/#:~:text=The%20NASA%20definition%20of%20life,life%20we%20know%20%E2%80%94Terran%20life.
Meteoritic Amino Acids: Diversity in Compositions Reflects Parent Body Histories
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.6b00074
A search for amino acids and nucleobases in the Martian meteorite Roberts Massif 04262 using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/maps.12103
The 1953 Stanley L. Miller Experiment: Fifty Years of Prebiotic Organic Chemistry
link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1024807125069
Prebiotic Soup--Revisiting the Miller Experiment
science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5620/745.full
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
CDC guidance on masks:
cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html
You might also like:
Why Are Antibody Tests Failing?
youtube.com/watch?v=jqudyDnnvJo
Coronavirus Drugs: Where Are We and What's Next?
youtube.com/watch?v=AIpeZDR9i3E
How Much Do Cloth Masks Protect You From Getting the Coronavirus?
youtube.com/watch?v=knCseXki4gE
Moderna COVID Vaccine: 95% Effective (So Far), How Does It Work?
youtube.com/watch?v=gDY8pH6OWBc
Can Soap REALLY "Kill" the Coronavirus?
youtube.com/watch?v=K2pMVimI2bw
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Sam Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Leila Duman, PhD
Benjamin Neuman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Shan Soe-Lin, PhD
Vincent Racaniello, PhD
Sources:
Continually updated mask guidelines
cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html
Scientific Brief: Community Use of Cloth Masks to Control the Spread of SARS-CoV-2
cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/masking-science-sars-cov2.html
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420302294
Receptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusion
nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2772-0
Final report confirms remdesivir benefits for COVID-19
nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/final-report-confirms-remdesivir-benefits-covid-19#:~:text=Studies%20in%20cells%20and%20animals,interrupting%20production%20of%20the%20virus.
Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2
pnas.org/content/117/21/11727
US: Fauci says CDC may recommend wearing two masks to fight virus
livemint.com/news/world/us-fauci-says-cdc-may-recommend-wearing-two-masks-to-fight-virus-11612284079702.html
Co-receptor
sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/co-receptor
Evidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response
jvi.asm.org/content/85/9/4122
Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916
WHO timeline
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline#!
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants
cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html
Europe’s growing mask ask: Ditch the cloth ones for medical-grade coverings
washingtonpost.com/world/europe/europe-coronavirus-masks-regulations/2021/01/20/23463c08-5a74-11eb-a849-6f9423a75ffd_story.html
Time to double or upgrade masks as coronavirus variants emerge, experts say
washingtonpost.com/health/2021/01/27/double-mask-variants-guidance
Antiviral Drugs That Are Approved or Under Evaluation for the Treatment of COVID-19
covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/antiviral-therapy
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
#banana #grosmichel #cavendish #isoamylacetate #artificialflavor
You can check out Dr. Curtis Pulliam’s preliminary banana data here: http://bit.ly/3rfhgSL
While we ate some Laffy Taffys in the making of this video, we have no connection with the Laffy Taffy company.
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Coffee Roasting Chemistry Throwdown: PhD vs. BS
youtube.com/watch?v=4Wey8GSglkw&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kV&index=69
Why Does Food Make Your Mouth Water?
youtube.com/watch?v=lWdR87Qnb3g
The Science of Spotting Fake Foods
youtube.com/watch?v=V_JIjJJ8Zq0
The Ultimate Donut Battle: Cake vs. Yeast
youtube.com/watch?v=u68ZnxzWj5k&list=PLtLT74crQcwXifCszpuk21I4ye3ghf-kV&index=58
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Nadia Berenstein, PhD
Pamela Dalton, PhD
Lelia Duman, PhD
Michelle Boucher, PhD
Sources:
A History of Flavoring Food With Beaver Butt Juice
vice.com/en/article/a3m885/a-history-of-flavoring-food-with-beaver-butt-juice
Making isoamyl acetate in a chemistry lab
chemistryworld.com/podcasts/isoamyl-acetate/7609.article
Influence of different banana cultivars on volatile compounds during ripening in cold storage
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996912003225
Influence of harvest season on volatile aroma constituents of two banana cultivars by electronic nose and HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030442382030042X
Banana flavor: Insights into isoamyl acetate production
researchgate.net/publication/232768660_Banana_flavor_Insights_into_isoamyl_acetate_production
Aromatic Profile of Aqueous Banana Essence and Banana Fruit by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography−Olfactometry (GC-O)
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf010471k
A Perspective on Chemosensory Quality Coding
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012809324523784X
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership
For more about Dr. Townsend and his research, check out his C&EN Talented 12 profile: cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Steven-D-Townsend/97/i33
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You Might Not Want to Mix These 5 Things With Birth Control
youtube.com/watch?v=34tp9CCpOA0&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=27
How Do Pregnancy Tests Work?
youtube.com/watch?v=jc2_iBZ9r_k&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=33
Why Do We Get Allergies?
youtube.com/watch?v=vFZlxQU0Pyk&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=30
Is Aspartame Safe?
youtube.com/watch?v=vFZlxQU0Pyk&list=PLtLT74crQcwV7Jr_KJJ7K8LgcW3LCP8u0&index=30
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Lelia Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Steven D. Townsend, PhD
Sources:
Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity: A Randomized Multicenter Trial
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28107288
A Solution to Antifolate Resistance in Group B Streptococcus: Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies Human Milk Oligosaccharide-Induced Perturbations that Result in Potentiation of Trimethoprim.
mbio.asm.org/content/11/2/e00076-20?rss=1
Interrogation of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fucosylation Patterns for Structural Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Trends in Group B Streptococcus.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00234
Lacto-N-Tetraose Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Against Group B Streptococcus.
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/OB/C8OB02080A#!divAbstract
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00183
The Human Milk Glycome as a Defense Against Infectious Diseases
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00209
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Exhibit Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Properties Against Group B Streptococcus.
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00064
Steven D. Townsend: Oligosaccharide explorer is solving the mysteries of breast milk sugars cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Steven-D-Townsend/97/i33
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youtu.be/DG4afs7C1XI
What is Natto?
youtube.com/watch?v=a9a7LKle9AQ
What Are Century Eggs?
youtube.com/watch?v=NL8kMj-GlLs
How Is Whiskey Made?
youtu.be/cR7Bt9Ei_zI
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Andrew Sobey
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Lelia Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
Code of Federal Regulations Title 21
accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=114&showFR=1
Kombucha Tea Fermentation: Microbial and Biochemical Dynamics
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26796581
Hepatoprotective and Curative Properties of Kombucha Tea Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19420997
Sequence-based Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Compositions of Multiple Kombucha (Tea Fungus) Samples
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24290641
The Yeast Spectrum of the 'Tea Fungus Kombucha'
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8559192
Surviving Antioxidant Supplements
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17505064
Lead Induced Oxidative Stress: Beneficial Effects of Kombucha Tea
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14631833
Studies on Toxicity, Anti-Stress and Hepato-Protective Properties of Kombucha Tea
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11723720
Kombucha Fermentation and Its Antimicrobial Activity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10888589
Hypoglycemic and Antilipidemic Properties of Kombucha Tea in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22591682
Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activity of Traditional Kombucha and Satureja Montana L. Kombucha
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18979556
Taking a bite out of food waste
blog.frontiersin.org/2020/02/28/taking-a-bite-out-of-food-waste
Wasted Bread as Substrate for the Cultivation of Starters for the Food Industry
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00293/full?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=nblog&utm_campaign=ba-sl-fmicb-wasted-bread-industry
A Case of Kombucha Tea Toxicity
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19460826
Probable Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Kombucha Tea: Is This Beverage Healthy or Harmful?
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9346462
Kombucha Science
illinoisscience.org/2019/07/kombucha-science-behind-craze
Understanding Kombucha Tea Fermentation:
A Review
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1750-3841.14068
FDA’s guidelines on pH
accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=114&showFR=1#:~:text=(1)%20Acidified%20foods%20shall%20be,accordance%20with%20the%20scheduled%20process.
Acetic Acid Bacteria in the Food Industry: Systematics, Characteristics and Applications
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117990
A Review on Kombucha Tea—Microbiology, Composition, Fermentation, Beneficial Effects, Toxicity, and Tea Fungus
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12073#:~:text=Acetic%20acid%20bacteria%20from%20kombucha,used%20as%20a%20carbon%20source.&text=Glucuronic%20and%20gluconic%20acids%20are,fermentation%20process%20on%20traditional%20substrate
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Share your story today: to.pbs.org/3izZeXh
We asked people across the country “What does fall mean to you?,” and most of them couldn’t stop talking about fall smells. So what’s the chemistry behind those smells, and why do they make us so happy? #fall #smell #autumn
You might also like:
That Fresh Cut Grass Scent is Really a Signal of Distress
youtu.be/suGk8eZyN34
How Did Climate Change Help Turn the Sky Orange?
youtu.be/foeLC08-nrk
Why Does Humidity Feel Gross?
youtu.be/GtmOlpbkQDw
Why Do Leaves Change Color?
youtu.be/X0nWmTeQPfo
How to Survive the Snow and Ice
youtu.be/KOtVJxQXBNM
Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Lelia Duman, PhD
Rachel Herz, PhD
Steven D. Munger, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Sources:
The scent of a season: Explaining the aromas of fall
washingtonpost.com/weather/2018/10/19/scent-season-explaining-aromas-fall
The Science Behind The Smell Of Fall
theodysseyonline.com/does-october-really-have-smell
The science behind the smell of fall
cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/the-smell-of-fall-1.5265513#:~:text=The%20dominant%20earthy%20smells%20of,smell%20of%20a%20leaf%20pile.
It’s One of Autumn’s Best Scents, but Not Everyone Smells It
nytimes.com/2019/10/26/science/katsura-leaves-scent.html
Why Do We Smell the Change of Seasons?
gizmodo.com/why-do-we-smell-the-change-of-seasons-1735548623
The Real Reason Why Fall Air Has a Unique Smell
bestlifeonline.com/fall-smell-causes/?nab=1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F
Why Fall Feels Different in the Bay Area
baynature.org/article/fall-feels-different-bay-area-smell-change
Fall smells around the world
michiganradio.org/post/what-fall-smells-michigan-and-around-world
Rose compounds
science.sciencemag.org/content/349/6243/81.long
The Smells of Fall
mentalfloss.com/article/17089/smells-fall
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
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Producers:
Elaine Seward
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Lelia Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
Amelia White, DVM
Sources:
Novel association of Psychrobacter and Pseudomonas with malodour in bloodhound dogs, and the effects of a topical product composed of essential oils and plant- derived essential fatty acids in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30251442
Microbiota and Malodor—Etiology and Management
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32326126
Proteus Mirabilis Infections
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442017
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Healthcare Settings
cdc.gov/hai/organisms/pseudomonas.html
Use of 2-aminoacetophenone production in identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC273058
Androscoggin Animal Hospital androscogginanimalhospital.com/blog/funky-feet-when-your-pets-paws-smell-like-fritos/#:~:text=The%20Case%20of%20Corn%20Chips,nothing%20to%20be%20concerned%20about.&text=When%20it%20comes%20to%20the,create%20a%20%E2%80%9Cyeasty%E2%80%9D%20smell.
Hampton Veterinary Hospital
hamptonveterinaryhospital.com/blog/my-dogs-paws-smell-like-fritos
Take a sniff of your dog’s paws. Smell like corn chips? Here’s why
kansascity.com/news/nation-world/article215823795.html
This Is Why Your Dog's Paws Smell Like Fritos
huffpost.com/entry/this-is-why-your-dogs-paws-smell-like-fritos_n_55b1347be4b07af29d57d25c?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFRMbEBOYQAEBgNPBoHyF38vHn2RniDZxIyhwVZC7QrWYG5k3K9gcy8rgOGbCZ1ZoUSXBT7Za6KtKFYXYahKUxxpNrMl4BZF2CplGFyJ7JjfRMCn019_YRrsXHdXD9LnSyg64py4C7VaA_v311h7ec0ijoDbpGYEwlgOFCvwJZ0g
Arlington Animal Hospital
http://www.myarlingtonvet.com/blog/corn-chip-feet-why-your-dogs-feet-smell-like-fritos
Which Bacteria Smell Like Tortillas, Flowers, or Delicious Browned Butter?
discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/which-bacteria-smell-like-tortillas-flowers-or-delicious-browned-butter
Lab 12: Isolation and Identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas, Part 1
bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary_Materials/Laboratory_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs/Microbiology_Labs_II/Lab_12%3A_Isolation_and_Identification_of_Enterobacteriaceae_and_Pseudomonas%2C_Part_1
Why Do Your Dog's Feet Smell Like Popcorn?
mentalfloss.com/article/25030/why-do-your-dogs-feet-smell-popcorn
Sniffing The Feet For Infection
popsci.com/sniffing-feet-infection
In-vitro diagnosis of single and poly microbial species targeted for diabetic foot infection using e-nose technology
bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-015-0601-5
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
George Zaidan
Hilary Hudson
Producer:
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Samantha Jones, PhD
Scientific consultants:
Jackie Akhavan, PhD
Gerald Kagan, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
SOURCES
What footage of the Beirut explosion tells us about the blast
nytimes.com/2020/08/05/video/beirut-explosion-footage.html
The mechanism of the spontaneous detonation of ammonium nitrate in reactive grounds
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343717306425#!
Explosions of ammonium nitrate fertilizer in storage or transportation are preventable accidents
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389415301680
Review on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07370652.2011.573523
Raman spectroscopy for detection of ammonium nitrate as an explosive precursor used in improvised explosive devices
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32146426
Safety and security issues relating to low capacity storage of AN-based fertilizers
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15885898
Lessons to be learned from an analysis of ammonium nitrate disasters in the last 100 years
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25203808
U.S. Contractor Knew of Explosive Material in Beirut Since at Least 2016
nytimes.com/2020/08/10/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-us-contractor.html
Ammonium nitrate
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ammonium-nitrate
The chemistry behind the Beirut explosion
cen.acs.org/safety/industrial-safety/chemistry-behind-Beirut-explosion/98/web/2020/08
What Is Ammonium Nitrate, the Chemical That Exploded in Beirut?
scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-ammonium-nitrate-the-chemical-that-exploded-in-beirut
Why Beirut’s ammonium nitrate blast was so devastating
nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02361-x
Beirut blast: How does ammonium nitrate create such devastating explosions?
livescience.com/28841-fertilizer-explosions-ammonium-nitrate.html
Texas City, Beirut linked by dangers of ammonium nitrate
houstonchronicle.com/local/bayou-city-history/article/Texas-City-Beirut-linked-by-dangers-ammonium-15464668.php
The deadly history of ammonium nitrate, the explosive linked to the Beirut blast
nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/08/deadly-history-ammonium-nitrate-explosive-linked-to-beirut-blast
The self-sustaining decomposition of ammonium nitrate fertiliser: Case study, Escombreras valley, Spain
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31761644
What is ammonium nitrate and what happens when it explodes?
compoundchem.com/2020/08/05/ammonium-nitrate
Crop nutrition resource library
cropnutrition.com/resource-library/ammonium-nitrate
Beirut explosion: What we know so far
bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53668493
Tianjin chemical blast: China jails 49 for disaster
bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37927158
Beirut Explosion Generates Seismic Waves Equivalent Of A Magnitude 3.3 Earthquake
forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2020/08/06/beirut-port-explosion-triggers-magnitude-3-earthquake/#37eab2f51426
Produced by the American Chemical Society. Join the American Chemical Society! http://bit.ly/Join_acsmembership