Uploaded May 2008 | Updated September 2026, 4 days ago
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"Same Gene, Same Designer". Weve all heard it, this refutes it. Its refutation is the basis for 16s ribosomal typing, paternity testing, DNA testing, etc.
s262.photobucket.com/albums/ii119/DonExodus/?action=view¤t=PhylogenicTree.jpg
"Same Gene, Same Designer". Weve all heard it, this refutes it. Its refutation is the basis for 16s ribosomal typing, paternity testing, DNA testing, etc.


![This is Why Every Scientist Accepts Evolution
READ DESCRIPTION: Please watch the video in its entirety- I know it starts off slow and technical. I discuss the actual, oft unmentioned reason every scientist accepts evolution. Ignorance is no longer an excuse.
Special thanks to Greenman3610 for providing the audio track in the background. If youre remotely interested in global warming, subscribing to him is not an option, its a requirement.
-The C14 tree/etc example is just to show the strengths of independent methods.
Embryology video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnTGYdasDu0
Transitional Fossils: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUcB_HiCKnM
Sources:
Gilbert, S. F. (1997) Developmental Biology. Fifth edition. Sinauer Associates.
Carroll, R. L. (1988) Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. New York, W. H. Freeman and Co.
Futuyma, D. (1998) Evolutionary Biology. Third edition. Sunderland, Mass., Sinauer Associates.
Gould, S. J. (1990) An earful of jaw. Natural History 3: 12-23.
Kardong, K. V. (2002) Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Third ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
Rubin, G. M. et al. (2000) Comparative Genomics of the Eukaryotes. Science 287: 2204-2218. [PubMed]
Schmid, K. J., and Tautz, D. (1997) A screen for fast evolving genes from Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94: 9746-9750. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/18/9746
Sereno, P. C. (1999) The Evolution of Dinosaurs. Science 284: 2137-2147. [PubMed]
Smit, A. F. A. (1996) The origin of interspersed repeats in the human genome. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 6: 743-748. [PubMed]
Thornhill, R. H., and Ussery, D. W. (2000) A classification of possible routes of Darwinian evolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 203: 111-116. [PubMed]
Voet, D., and Voet, J. (1995) Biochemistry. New York, John Wiley and Sons.
Williams, G. C. (1992) Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. New York, Oxford University Press.
Scarpulla, R. C., and Nye, S. H. (1986) Functional expression of rat cytochrome c in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci 83: 6352-6. [PubMed]
Shimamura, M., et al. (1997) Molecular evidence from retroposons that whales form a clade within even-toed ungulates. Nature 388: 666. [PubMed]
Smit, A. F. A. (1996) The origin of interspersed repeats in the human genome. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 6: 743-748. [PubMed]
Stewart, C. B. and Disotell, T. R. (1998) Primate evolution - in and out of Africa. Current Biology 8: R582-588. [PubMed]
Svensson, A. C., N. Setterblad, et al. (1995) Primate DRB genes from the DR3 and DR8 haplotypes contain ERV9 LTR elements at identical positions. Immunogenetics 41: 74. [PubMed]
Sverdlov, E. D. (2000) Retroviruses and primate evolution. BioEssays 22: 161-171. [PubMed] This is Why Every Scientist Accepts Evolution](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JgyTVT3dqGY/mqdefault.jpg)




![How Evolution Works 7: Speciation
I discuss what speciation is, and how it works. Examples and peer reviewed references are also given.
For information regarding how organisms with Robertsonian translocations can reproduce, see
Bruere AN, Ellis PM., Cytogenetics and reproduction of sheep with multiple centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). J Reprod Fertil 1979 Nov;57(2):363-75.
References:
[1] Britton-Davidian et al. Rapid chromosomal evolution in island mice.
Nature. 2000 Jan 13;403(6766):158.
[2] Podos, Jeff. Vocal mechanics in Darwins finches: correlation of beak gape and song frequency.
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 607-619 (2004).
[3] Miller, Hilary C. A molecular phylogeny of New Zealands Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Volume 40, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 844-855
[4] Katharine Byrne and Richard A Nichols (1999) Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations
[5] Byrne, K. and R. A. Nichols, 1999. Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity 82: 7-15.
[6] Nuttall, Nick, 1998. Stand clear of the Tubes 100-year-old super-bug. Times (London), 26 Aug. 1998, 1. http://www.gene.ch/gentech/1998/Jul-Sep/msg00188.html
[7] Feder, J. L., C. A. Chilcote and G. L. Bush. 1988. Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 336:61-64.
[8] Prokopy, R. J., S. R. Diehl, and S. H. Cooley. 1988. Oecologia. 76:138.
[9] McPheron, B. A., D. C. Smith and S. H. Berlocher. 1988. Genetic differentiation between host races of Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 336:64-66.
[10] Schluter, D. 1996. Ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 351: 807-814. Also, see [12]
[11] Halliburton, R. and G. A. E. Gall. 1981. Disruptive selection and assortative mating in Tribolium castaneum. Evolution. 35:829-843.
[12] McKinnon, J. S., S. Mori, B. Blackman, L. David, D. M. Kingsley, L. Jamieson, J. Chou, and D. Schluter. 2004. Evidence for ecologys role in speciation. Nature 429: 294-298. How Evolution Works 7: Speciation](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LEGQu3cm3CE/mqdefault.jpg)


