Uploaded May 2008 | Updated September 2026, 4 days ago
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I give evidence for evolution in regards to the fossil record and atavisms.
Censorship: Please contact youtube with me and ask them to remove the flag on this video.
google.com/support/youtube/bin/request.py
I give evidence for evolution in regards to the fossil record and atavisms.



![How Evolution Works 7: Speciation
I discuss what speciation is, and how it works. Examples and peer reviewed references are also given.
For information regarding how organisms with Robertsonian translocations can reproduce, see
Bruere AN, Ellis PM., Cytogenetics and reproduction of sheep with multiple centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). J Reprod Fertil 1979 Nov;57(2):363-75.
References:
[1] Britton-Davidian et al. Rapid chromosomal evolution in island mice.
Nature. 2000 Jan 13;403(6766):158.
[2] Podos, Jeff. Vocal mechanics in Darwins finches: correlation of beak gape and song frequency.
Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 607-619 (2004).
[3] Miller, Hilary C. A molecular phylogeny of New Zealands Petroica (Aves: Petroicidae) species based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: Volume 40, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 844-855
[4] Katharine Byrne and Richard A Nichols (1999) Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations
[5] Byrne, K. and R. A. Nichols, 1999. Culex pipiens in London Underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity 82: 7-15.
[6] Nuttall, Nick, 1998. Stand clear of the Tubes 100-year-old super-bug. Times (London), 26 Aug. 1998, 1. http://www.gene.ch/gentech/1998/Jul-Sep/msg00188.html
[7] Feder, J. L., C. A. Chilcote and G. L. Bush. 1988. Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 336:61-64.
[8] Prokopy, R. J., S. R. Diehl, and S. H. Cooley. 1988. Oecologia. 76:138.
[9] McPheron, B. A., D. C. Smith and S. H. Berlocher. 1988. Genetic differentiation between host races of Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature. 336:64-66.
[10] Schluter, D. 1996. Ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 351: 807-814. Also, see [12]
[11] Halliburton, R. and G. A. E. Gall. 1981. Disruptive selection and assortative mating in Tribolium castaneum. Evolution. 35:829-843.
[12] McKinnon, J. S., S. Mori, B. Blackman, L. David, D. M. Kingsley, L. Jamieson, J. Chou, and D. Schluter. 2004. Evidence for ecologys role in speciation. Nature 429: 294-298. How Evolution Works 7: Speciation](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LEGQu3cm3CE/mqdefault.jpg)






