We should ALL have Cancer Cells in us. Here is Why. @Sciencerely

Uploaded September 2020 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago

An average (male) human body contains 40 trillion cells some of which are cancer-like cells. In fact we should all have cancer cells but how can our bodies prevent having cancer?

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00:00-0:59 Introduction
0:59-4:14 How Mutations form
4:14-5:28 DNA repair prevents Mutations
5:28-6:43 Cells die on purpose
6:43-9:23 How Immune cells hunt down Cancer

We use the term cancer in our daily lives to describe the abnormal growth of cancer cells in the. Cancer describes over 200 different diseases and often contains very different cancer cells. A cancer cell develops through mutations. Mutations are changes in the DNA. Many mutations which lead to a cancer cell arise during cell division or through the exposure to certain chemicals (so-called mutagens). Mutagens can be found in sunlight, overcooked steaks or in our DNA (transposons). Mutations occur all the time, but fortunately DNA repair systems, apoptosis and our immune systems prevent us from forming a cancer cell..
DNA repair mechanisms can correct the majority of mutations which would otherwise lead to cancer cells. DNA repair mechanisms include base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair or homologous recombination. If DNA repair mechanisms do not work properly cells often go into programmed cell death (apoptosis). A very important protein during apoptosis is p53. If mutations in p53 occur DNA repair does not work contributing towards the formation of cancer cells. Lastly, immune cells (T cells and Natural killer cells in particular) can recognise cancer cells which show unusual proteins on their surface. In these cases, the cancer cell is often killed by the immune cell. If these mechanisms do not work properly cancer/tumors can arise.
#CancerCell, #Cancerbiology

Cancer Cell, Cancer cell, Cancer Cell, Cancer Cell, Cancer Cell

Images:
Most pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: smart.servier.com
Beach, DNA: Author: Twitter, Twitter’s open source emoji, Emoji Twemoji 12.1.6
DNA Background: "Digital illustration DNA structure in colour background" Author: Creations
Elephant: "An elephant in Kruger National Park" Author: Dario Crespi
Licenses: creativecommons.org
Adapted T cell: "Scanning electron micrograph of a human T lymphocyte (also called a T cell) from the immune system of a healthy donor" Author: NIAID
Adapted NK cells: "Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a natural killer cell from a human donor" Author: NIAID
Cancer Background: "Giant cell tumour of bone - very high mag", Author: Nephron
Licenses: creativecommons.org

Music:
Intro:
Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com
Body:
Title: Fate and Fortune
Artist: Scott Buckley soundcloud.com/scottbuckley

About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.

We should ALL have Cancer Cells in us. Here is Why.

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$5 Incredible Human Mutations 🔬 Subscribe for more awesome biomedical research: https://bit.ly/2SRMqhC 🔬 Ready for awesome scientific discussion?! Join us on Discord: https://discord.gg/9VKnTSF 0:00 - How Mutations arise 1:07 - No need to Sleep 2:34 - Unbreakable Bones 4:02 - Lactose Tolerance 5:43 - Malaria Resistance 7:29 - Super Sprinters Mutations occur in humans all the time. Some mutations (which happen in egg or sperm cells) can be passed down to future generations.Most of these mutations are harmful and cause genetic diseases, but some can give us superhero like abilities. Incredible sleeping schedule: People with mutations in DEC2 often only need 4-5 hours of sleep. DEC2 is also often called the Thatcher gene after Margaret Thatcher. This gene is involved in natural biological clocks which make us feel awake during the day and sleepy at night. If we look at the function of DEC2 we see that it produces a protein which blocks the production of orexin. Mutations in DEC2 decrease its function meaning that people need much less sleep. Super strong bones: Certain mutations in a gene called LRP5 increase bone density in humans. Affected people say that they have never experienced bone fractures. On a molecular level, certain mutations in LRP5 increase its signalling, thereby telling cells to make bones more dense. Milk Lovers: Lactose tolerance has evolved roughly 10 000 years ago. While all infants and children are normally able to drink milk and eat dairy products, certain mutations near the gene lactase enable efficient dairy product digestion throughout life. This was especially useful in the recent evolutionary history of humankind since it enabled the intake of additional calories during periods of starvation. Malaria resistance: Malaria is a fatal disease which is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium enters the bloodstream through mosquito bites and destroys red blood cells afterwards. Certain mutations change the shape and properties of red blood cells, thereby hindering Plasmodium from entering. Prominent mutations (sickle cell allele) might also lead to dramatic diseases such as sickle cell anemia. Super sprinters: Some people are able to run faster through a genetic variation in the gene ACTN3. This gene is involved in the function of muscle fibers. ACTN3 577R shortens post-exercise muscle damage and injury risk. For your further research: He, Ying, et al. The transcriptional repressor DEC2 regulates sleep length in mammals. Science 325.5942 (2009): 866-870. Little, Randall D., et al. A mutation in the LDL receptor–related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high–bone-mass trait. The American Journal of Human Genetics 70.1 (2002): 11-19. Pickering, Craig, and John Kiely. ACTN3: more than just a gene for speed. Frontiers in physiology 8 (2017): 1080. Piel, Frédéric B., et al. Global distribution of the sickle cell gene and geographical confirmation of the malaria hypothesis. Nature communications 1.1 (2010): 1-7. Lomer, M. C. E., Parkes, G. C., & Sanderson, J. D. (2008). lactose intolerance in clinical practice–myths and realities. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 27(2), 93-103. Images: Some pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: https://smart.servier.com/ Music: Intro: Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-... Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Transitions: Light Thought var 3 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) Artist: http://incompetech.com/ About Clemens Steinek: CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.$

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