Uploaded December 2024 | Updated September 2026, 5 days ago
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Music/Audio Credits:
Music provided by Storyblocks
Photo/Video Credits: docs.google.com/document/d/1mmMUqzDNNzfCKHbk0He8w8i-1IDm1a5JYv98qRLzfw0/edit?usp=sharing
Vampire Squid Illustrations by Bryan G. Mann
Twitter: twitter.com/bryan_g_mann
IG: instagram.com/bryangregorymann
bryangregorymann.wixsite.com/website
youtube.com/watch?v=YBvh3Gij-d8
NOAA - Dive 08: Sea Cucumber Serenity: oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/logs/photolog/welcome.html#cbpi=/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/dailyupdates/media/video/dive08-seacuke/seacuke.html
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Other imagery/video supplied by Shutterstock
Sources:
Blake, D. B., Guensburg, T. E., & Lefebvre, B. (2016, July). New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States. In Annales de Paléontologie (Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 161-181). Elsevier Masson.
Geraldi, N. R., Bertolini, C., Emmerson, M. C., Roberts, D., Sigwart, J. D., & Connor, N. E. (2017). Aggregations of brittle stars can perform similar ecological roles as mussel reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 563, 157-167.
Girard, F., Fu, B., & Fisher, C. R. (2016). Mutualistic symbiosis with ophiuroids limited the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea octocorals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 549, 89-98.
Jangoux, M., & Lawrence, J. M. (1982). Echinoderm nutrition. CRC Press.
Jones, A., & Mallefet, J. (2010). Aposematic use of bioluminescence in Ophiopsila aranea (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata). Luminescence, 25(2), 155-156.
Jones, A., & Mallefet, J. (2013). Why do brittle stars emit light? Behavioural and evolutionary approaches of bioluminescence. Cahiers de biologie marine, 54(4), 729-734.
Kano, T., Sato, E., Ono, T., Aonuma, H., Matsuzaka, Y., & Ishiguro, A. (2017). A brittle star-like robot capable of immediately adapting to unexpected physical damage. Royal Society open science, 4(12), 171200.
Le Roux, P. J., Branch, G. M., & Joska, M. A. P. (1990). On the distribution, diet and possible impact of the invasive European shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) along the South African coast. South African Journal of Marine Science, 9(1), 85-93.
Mosher, C. V., & Watling, L. (2009). Partners for life: a brittle star and its octocoral host. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 81-88.
Stöhr, S., O'Hara, T. D., & Thuy, B. (2012). Global diversity of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Plos one, 7(3), e31940.
Stöhr, S.; O’Hara, T.; Thuy, B. (Eds) (2024). World Ophiuroidea Database. Accessed at marinespecies.org/ophiuroidea on 2024-11-20. doi:10.14284/358
Warner, G. F. (1971). On the ecology of a dense bed of the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51(2), 267-282.
Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: go.nebula.tv/theoctopuslady
Or grab a Nebula gift card (or two) for you friends and family! gift.nebula.tv/theoctopuslady
Watch TierZoo's Let's Play Outside - Mantidfly: nebula.tv/videos/tierzoo-lets-play-outside-mantidfly?ref=theoctopuslady
Or you can support me on Patreon, too! patreon.com/theoctopuslady
BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/theoctopuslady.bsky.social
Second channel: @TheOcTWOpusLady
Ko-Fi: ko-fi.com/theoctopuslady
Music/Audio Credits:
Music provided by Storyblocks
Photo/Video Credits: docs.google.com/document/d/1mmMUqzDNNzfCKHbk0He8w8i-1IDm1a5JYv98qRLzfw0/edit?usp=sharing
Vampire Squid Illustrations by Bryan G. Mann
Twitter: twitter.com/bryan_g_mann
IG: instagram.com/bryangregorymann
bryangregorymann.wixsite.com/website
youtube.com/watch?v=YBvh3Gij-d8
NOAA - Dive 08: Sea Cucumber Serenity: oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/logs/photolog/welcome.html#cbpi=/okeanos/explorations/ex1705/dailyupdates/media/video/dive08-seacuke/seacuke.html
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Other imagery/video supplied by Shutterstock
Sources:
Blake, D. B., Guensburg, T. E., & Lefebvre, B. (2016, July). New Early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States. In Annales de Paléontologie (Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 161-181). Elsevier Masson.
Geraldi, N. R., Bertolini, C., Emmerson, M. C., Roberts, D., Sigwart, J. D., & Connor, N. E. (2017). Aggregations of brittle stars can perform similar ecological roles as mussel reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 563, 157-167.
Girard, F., Fu, B., & Fisher, C. R. (2016). Mutualistic symbiosis with ophiuroids limited the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea octocorals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 549, 89-98.
Jangoux, M., & Lawrence, J. M. (1982). Echinoderm nutrition. CRC Press.
Jones, A., & Mallefet, J. (2010). Aposematic use of bioluminescence in Ophiopsila aranea (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata). Luminescence, 25(2), 155-156.
Jones, A., & Mallefet, J. (2013). Why do brittle stars emit light? Behavioural and evolutionary approaches of bioluminescence. Cahiers de biologie marine, 54(4), 729-734.
Kano, T., Sato, E., Ono, T., Aonuma, H., Matsuzaka, Y., & Ishiguro, A. (2017). A brittle star-like robot capable of immediately adapting to unexpected physical damage. Royal Society open science, 4(12), 171200.
Le Roux, P. J., Branch, G. M., & Joska, M. A. P. (1990). On the distribution, diet and possible impact of the invasive European shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) along the South African coast. South African Journal of Marine Science, 9(1), 85-93.
Mosher, C. V., & Watling, L. (2009). Partners for life: a brittle star and its octocoral host. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 81-88.
Stöhr, S., O'Hara, T. D., & Thuy, B. (2012). Global diversity of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Plos one, 7(3), e31940.
Stöhr, S.; O’Hara, T.; Thuy, B. (Eds) (2024). World Ophiuroidea Database. Accessed at marinespecies.org/ophiuroidea on 2024-11-20. doi:10.14284/358
Warner, G. F. (1971). On the ecology of a dense bed of the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 51(2), 267-282.
