Uploaded December 2019 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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John Maynard Keynes was an economist and part of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He had high hopes for a new post-war order but when he realized what Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd-George and Woodrow Wilson were planing, he resigned from the conference. And then wrote a book about it: The Economic Consequences of the Peace became a bestseller and is one of the best known critiques of the Versailles Treaty.
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» SOURCES
Demps, Lorenz and Materna, Ingo (eds.). Geschichte Berlins von den Anfängen bis 1945. Berlin, 1987.
Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters. The Gold Standard and the Great Depression 1919-1939. New York 1995.
Horn. Britain, France and the Financing of the First World War, 2002.
Hudson, Michael. “Trade, Development, and Foreign Debt: Volume 2.” Pluto Press, London, 1992.
Hudson, Michael. “Superimperialism: The Origins and Fundamentals of U.S. World Dominance.” Pluto Press, London 2003.
Keynes, John Maynard. “The Economic Consequences of the Peace.” Harcourt, Brace and Howe, New York, 1919.
Kinzer, Stephen. “The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of American Empire.” St. Martin's Griffin, 2018
Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. 1960.
Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes, 1883-1946: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman.” Penguin Books, New York, New York, 2003.
Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes Volume I—Hopes Betrayed.” Penguin Books, New York, 1983.
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All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020
Help The Great War and keep it free for everyone: patreon.com/thegreatwar
John Maynard Keynes was an economist and part of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He had high hopes for a new post-war order but when he realized what Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd-George and Woodrow Wilson were planing, he resigned from the conference. And then wrote a book about it: The Economic Consequences of the Peace became a bestseller and is one of the best known critiques of the Versailles Treaty.
» SUPPORT THE CHANNEL
Patreon: patreon.com/thegreatwar
Become a member: youtube.com/channel/UCUcyEsEjhPEDf69RRVhRh4A/join
» OUR PODCAST
realtimehistory.net/podcast - interviews with World War 1 historians and background info for the show.
» BUY OUR SOURCES IN OUR AMAZON STORES
realtimehistory.net/amazon *
*Buying via this link supports The Great War (Affiliate-Link)
» SOURCES
Demps, Lorenz and Materna, Ingo (eds.). Geschichte Berlins von den Anfängen bis 1945. Berlin, 1987.
Eichengreen, Barry. Golden Fetters. The Gold Standard and the Great Depression 1919-1939. New York 1995.
Horn. Britain, France and the Financing of the First World War, 2002.
Hudson, Michael. “Trade, Development, and Foreign Debt: Volume 2.” Pluto Press, London, 1992.
Hudson, Michael. “Superimperialism: The Origins and Fundamentals of U.S. World Dominance.” Pluto Press, London 2003.
Keynes, John Maynard. “The Economic Consequences of the Peace.” Harcourt, Brace and Howe, New York, 1919.
Kinzer, Stephen. “The True Flag: Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, and the Birth of American Empire.” St. Martin's Griffin, 2018
Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. 1960.
Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes, 1883-1946: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman.” Penguin Books, New York, New York, 2003.
Skidelsky, Robert. “John Maynard Keynes Volume I—Hopes Betrayed.” Penguin Books, New York, 1983.
» MORE THE GREAT WAR
Website: https://realtimehistory.net
Facebook: facebook.com/TheGreatWarYT
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» OTHER PROJECTS
16 DAYS IN BERLIN: realtimehistory.net/pages/16-days-in-berlin
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020






![Why WW1 Turned Into Trench Warfare (WW1 Documentary)
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Trench Warfare is one of the lasting symbols of the First World War, especially on the Western Front. But when the war began, the German and French armies envisioned sweeping advances and defeating the enemy swiftly. So, how and why did the Western Front in 1914 turn into the trench system we associate with WW1?
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David Garfinkle, Raymond Martin, Konstantin Bredyuk, Lisa Anderson, Brad Durbin, Jeremy K Jones, Murray Godfrey, John Ozment, Stephen Parker, Mavrides, Kristina Colburn, Stefan Jackowski, Cardboard, William Kincade, William Wallace, Daniel L Garza, Chris Daley, Malcolm Swan, Christoph Wolf, Simen Røste, Jim F Barlow, Taylor Allen, Adam Smith, James Giliberto, Albert B. Knapp MD, Tobias Wildenblanck, Richard L Benkin, Marco Kuhnert, Matt Barnes, Ramon Rijkhoek, Jan, Scott Deederly, gsporie, Kekoa, Bruce G. Hearns, Hans Broberg, Fogeltje
» SOURCES
Addington, Larry. The Patterns of War since the Eighteenth Century. 2nd ed. Bloomington, 1994.
Ashworth, T. Trench warfare, 1914-18 : The Live And Let Live System. 2000.
Doyle, Peter and Robin Schaefer. Fritz and Tommy: Across the Barbed Wire. 2016.
Griffith, P. and Dennis, P. Fortifications of the Western Front 1914–18. 2013.
Ferro, Marc. La Grande guerre : 1914-1918. 1968.
Hart, Peter. The Great War 1914-1918. 2014.
Imperial General Staff. Field entrenchments : spadework for riflemen, hasty fire-cover, fire-trenches, communications, concealment, obstruction, shelters. 1916.
Kendall, P. Aisne 1914: The Dawn of Trench Warfare. 2012.
Linnenkohl, Hans. Vom Einzelschuss zum Feuerhagel. Die Entwicklung der Artillerie- und Infanteriebewaffnung im Ersten Weltkrieg. 1990.
Legrand-Girarde, E. and H. Plessis. Manuel complet de fortification. 1909. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5675591g
Loez, André (ed.). Mondes en guerre. Tome III : Guerres mondiales et impériales 1870-1945. 2020.
Palmer, Svetlana and Sarah Wallis. A War in Words. 2003.
Philpott, W. (2021). Warfare 1914-1918 | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). [online] 1914-1918-online.net. Available at: https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914-1918 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2023].
Saunders, A. Trench Warfare, 1850–1950. 2010.
Strachan, Hew. The First World War. Vol 1: To Arms. 2003.
Zabecki, D. “Military Developments of World War I” in 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/military_developments_of_world_war_i
Philpott, William. “Warfare 1914-1918,” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914-1918
Stevenson, David. 1914-1918: the History of the First World War. 2004.
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Jesse Alexander, Evan Chaisson
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Executive Producer: Florian Wittig
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Contains licensed material by getty images, AP and Reuters
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