Uploaded December 2019 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020
Thank you for your support this year!
» SUPPORT THE CHANNEL
Patreon: patreon.com/thegreatwar
Become a member: youtube.com/channel/UCUcyEsEjhPEDf69RRVhRh4A/join
» OUR PODCAST
realtimehistory.net/podcast - interviews with World War 1 historians and background info for the show.
» BUY OUR SOURCES IN OUR AMAZON STORES
realtimehistory.net/amazon *
*Buying via this link supports The Great War (Affiliate-Link)
» MORE THE GREAT WAR
Website: https://realtimehistory.net
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» OTHER PROJECTS
16 DAYS IN BERLIN: realtimehistory.net/pages/16-days-in-berlin
»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov (patreon.com/Zalezsky)
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Alexander Clark
Original Logo: David van Stephold
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2020




![Why WW1 Turned Into Trench Warfare (WW1 Documentary)
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Trench Warfare is one of the lasting symbols of the First World War, especially on the Western Front. But when the war began, the German and French armies envisioned sweeping advances and defeating the enemy swiftly. So, how and why did the Western Front in 1914 turn into the trench system we associate with WW1?
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» SOURCES
Addington, Larry. The Patterns of War since the Eighteenth Century. 2nd ed. Bloomington, 1994.
Ashworth, T. Trench warfare, 1914-18 : The Live And Let Live System. 2000.
Doyle, Peter and Robin Schaefer. Fritz and Tommy: Across the Barbed Wire. 2016.
Griffith, P. and Dennis, P. Fortifications of the Western Front 1914–18. 2013.
Ferro, Marc. La Grande guerre : 1914-1918. 1968.
Hart, Peter. The Great War 1914-1918. 2014.
Imperial General Staff. Field entrenchments : spadework for riflemen, hasty fire-cover, fire-trenches, communications, concealment, obstruction, shelters. 1916.
Kendall, P. Aisne 1914: The Dawn of Trench Warfare. 2012.
Linnenkohl, Hans. Vom Einzelschuss zum Feuerhagel. Die Entwicklung der Artillerie- und Infanteriebewaffnung im Ersten Weltkrieg. 1990.
Legrand-Girarde, E. and H. Plessis. Manuel complet de fortification. 1909. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5675591g
Loez, André (ed.). Mondes en guerre. Tome III : Guerres mondiales et impériales 1870-1945. 2020.
Palmer, Svetlana and Sarah Wallis. A War in Words. 2003.
Philpott, W. (2021). Warfare 1914-1918 | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). [online] 1914-1918-online.net. Available at: https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914-1918 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2023].
Saunders, A. Trench Warfare, 1850–1950. 2010.
Strachan, Hew. The First World War. Vol 1: To Arms. 2003.
Zabecki, D. “Military Developments of World War I” in 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/military_developments_of_world_war_i
Philpott, William. “Warfare 1914-1918,” in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914-1918
Stevenson, David. 1914-1918: the History of the First World War. 2004.
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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
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Contains licensed material by getty images, AP and Reuters
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![How WW1 Created the Middle East Conflicts (Documentary)
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The modern Middle East is a region troubled by war, terrorism, weak and failed states, and civil unrest. But how did it get this way? The map of today’s Middle East was mostly drawn after the First World War, and the war that planted many of the seeds of conflict that still plague Israel, Palestine, Iraq, Syria and even Iran today.
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» SOURCES
Allawi, Ali. Faisal I of Iraq (Yale University Press, 2014).
Bickerton, Ian & Klausner, Carla L. A History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, (Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2007)
Cohen, Hillel, “Zionism as a blessing to the Arabs”, in Cohen, Michael J (ed.), The British Mandate in Palestine: A Centenary Volume, 1920–2020, (London : Routledge 2020)
Fromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace (Macmillan, 2009 [1989]).
Halamish, Aviva, “Jewish Immigration” in Cohen, Michael J (ed.), The British Mandate in Palestine: A Centenary Volume, 1920–2020, (London : Routledge 2020)
Jabotinsky, Ze’ev, “The Iron Wall” (1923) http://en.jabotinsky.org/media/9747/the-iron-wall.pdf
Kadhim, Abbas. Reclaiming Iraq: the 1920 revolution and the founding of the modern state (U of Texas Press, 2012).
Karsh, Efraim & Karsh, Inari, Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East 1789-1923, (Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1999)
Karsh, Efraim, Palestine Betrayed, (New Haven : Yale University Press, 2010)
Kessler, Oren, “1921 Jaffa riots 100 years on: Mandatory Palestine’s 1st ‘mass casualty’ attack” The Times of Israel, (May 2021) https://www.timesofisrael.com/1921-jaffa-riots-100-years-on-mandatory-palestines-1st-mass-casualty-event/
Khalidi, Rashid, “The Balfour Declaration from the Perspective of the Palestinian People”, United Nations, (November 2017) https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lecture-by-Prof.-Rashid-Khalidi-100-years-since-Balfour-Decl-UN-2Nov2017.pdf
Khalidi, Rashid, The Hundred Years War on Palestine: a History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017, (New York : Metropolitan Books, 2020)
“King-Crane Commission Digital Collection” Oberlin College Library. http://dcollections.oberlin.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/kingcrane/id/722/rec/32
Naaman, Abdullah. Le Liban: histoire d’une nation inachevée.
Paris, Timothy J. Britain, The Hashemites and Arab Rule 1920-1925, (London : Frank Cass, 2003)
Provence, Michael, The Last Ottoman Generation and the Making of the Modern Middle East, (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Regan, Bernard, The Balfour Declaration: Empire, Mandate and Resistance in Palestine, (London : Verso, 2017)
Safty, Adel, Might over Right: How the Zionists Took Over Palestine, (Reading : Garnet Publishing, 2009)
Schindler, Colin, “The origins of militant Zionism during the British Mandate” in Cohen, Michael J (ed.), The British Mandate in Palestine: A Centenary Volume, 1920–2020, (London : Routledge 2020)
Schneer, Jonathan, The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, (New York : Random House, 2013)
Segev, Tom, One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British mandate, (London : Abacus, 2014)
Stein, Kenneth W. “Zionist land acquisition” in Cohen, Michael J (ed.), The British Mandate in Palestine: A Centenary Volume, 1920–2020, (London : Routledge 2020)
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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig, Mark Newton
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images and AP Archive
Maps: MapTiler/OpenStreetMap Contributors & GEOlayers3
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2023 How WW1 Created the Middle East Conflicts (Documentary)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tjnBmH8b0Ko/mqdefault.jpg)