Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago

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Guest Speaker: Dr. Ana Ennis, The Perimeter Institute, University of Waterloo.
Summary: In this talk, Dr. Ennis explains how stars are born from molecular clouds. Molecular clouds condense into protostars that still do not shine. Nuclear fusion within the protostar fuses hydrogen into helium plus a lot of photons and ignites the star. As the hydrogen gets depleted within the core, the helium begins to fuse until the final stage, when it becomes an iron core. Once the star reaches this stage, it can either turn into a red supergiant or a red giant, depending on its mass. Dr. Ennis’ research is on how red giants shed their outer layers and become planetary nebulae.
If you are interested in star evolution, this video is for you! We hope you enjoy it!

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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
3:35 Stellar evolution
11:07 Red supergiant stars
15:50 Low mass stars
19:40 Asymptotic giant branch stars
21:42 2 planetary nebula
29:10 AGB vs. Post AGB stars
41:44 How planetary nebula enrich interstellar medium.
43.57 Back to stellar evolution
46:36 Q&A



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