Uploaded February 2024 | Updated September 2026, 23 hours ago

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✍️ Noah Smith references Bert Kreiusher's wild "The Machine" story when describing what Russian gangs/mafias were like in the 1990s. For more on Russia, and Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin, check out Econ 102's episode "Putin, Tucker, and Russia" on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts!

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