Uploaded September 2025 | Updated September 2026, 17 hours ago
Impossibilities / A True Lover of Mine / Every Rose Grows Merry in Time / Every Rose Grows Merry and Fine / Rosemary Lane / Rosemary Fair / Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme / Scarborough Fair / Blow, Ye Winds, Blow / The Wind Blows my Plaidie Awa / The Cambric Shirt / The Elfin Knight (Child No. 2) - Sung by Mr. W. R. Lowers of Ivydale, Clay County, West Virginia, USA. Recorded by Prof. Louis Watson Chappell on August 17, 1939.
Link to original recording: https://folkmusic.lib.wvu.edu/catalog/Chappell_30_Lowers_G_CambricShirt
00:00:00 The Cambric Shirt (1939) - W. R. Lowers
00:01:34 The Cambric Shirt (1940) - Mrs. James Conrad
00:03:39 The Cambric Shirt (1940) - Allie Nuzum
00:04:10 The Cambric Shirt (1990) - Annadeene Fraley
Note by Kevin W.:
The curious refrain may have been "Savoury, sage, rosemary and thyme" at one point. I remember reading a printed text with that refrain a while ago. The oldest texts (excluding the distinct Scottish "Elfin Knight" form with its "Plaidie awa" refrain) all have a herb/plant refrain. 20th century folklorists were eager to attribute magical properties of protection against evil or of an aphrodisiac to the plants, which is possible, but if that's the case the meaning was lost on generations of singers who accepted it as little more than a bunch of pretty words to carry the tune.
This is the only Child 2 tune I ever heard from a traditional singer that resembles the now famous "Scarborough Fair" tune as collected from Mr. Mark Anderson (1874–1953), a retired lead miner of Middleton-in-Teesdale, County Durham, England, by Ewan MacColl in 1947. The one that was popularised by Simon & Garfunkel in 1966.
Song transcription:
Will you make me a cambric shirt
So they say it is merry in time
Not needle or thread or seamster's work
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Now you've asked me questions three
So they say it is merry in time
And I hope you will answer the same for me
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you buy me an acre of land
So they say it is merry in time
Betwixt the salt water and the sea sand
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you plough it with a ram's horn
So they say it is merry in time
And plant it all down in one pepper of corn
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you reap it with a sickle of leather
So they say it is merry in time
And bind it all up in one peafowl's feather
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Spoken: That's as far as I can go
The Cambric Shirt - Sung by Mrs. James Conrad of Strange Creek, Braxton County, West Virginia, USA. Recorded by Louis Watson Chappell on September 18, 1940.
...cambric shirt
So they say it is merry in time
Without thread or needle or seamster work
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you wash it in yonder's well
So they say it is merry in time
Where never sprung water since rain ever fell
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you dry it on yonder's thorn
So they say it is merry in time
Where never bore blossom since Adam was born
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Now you've asked me questions three
So they say it is merry in time
I hope you will answer the same for me
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you buy me an acre of land
So they say it is merry in time
Betwixt salt water and the sea sand
Then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you plough it with a ram's horn
So they say it is merry in time
And plant it all down in one pepper of corn
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you reap it with a sickle of leather
So they say it is merry in time
And bind it all up in one peafowl's feather
And then you will be a true lover of mine
The Cambric Shirt - Sung by Mrs. Alvoretta "Allie" Nuzum Sample (1855–1942) of Coalfax, Marion County, West Virginia, USA. Her maiden name is an Irish form of Newsome. Recorded by Louis Watson Chappell on September 25, 1940.
You go buy me a cambric shirt
Without one stich of needle work
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Wash it out in an old dry well
Where never a drop of water fell
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
You go buy me an acre of land
Between the sea shore and the sand
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Impossibilities / A True Lover of Mine / Every Rose Grows Merry in Time / Every Rose Grows Merry and Fine / Rosemary Lane / Rosemary Fair / Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme / Scarborough Fair / Blow, Ye Winds, Blow / The Wind Blows my Plaidie Awa / The Cambric Shirt / The Elfin Knight (Child No. 2) - Sung by Mr. W. R. Lowers of Ivydale, Clay County, West Virginia, USA. Recorded by Prof. Louis Watson Chappell on August 17, 1939.
Link to original recording: https://folkmusic.lib.wvu.edu/catalog/Chappell_30_Lowers_G_CambricShirt
00:00:00 The Cambric Shirt (1939) - W. R. Lowers
00:01:34 The Cambric Shirt (1940) - Mrs. James Conrad
00:03:39 The Cambric Shirt (1940) - Allie Nuzum
00:04:10 The Cambric Shirt (1990) - Annadeene Fraley
Note by Kevin W.:
The curious refrain may have been "Savoury, sage, rosemary and thyme" at one point. I remember reading a printed text with that refrain a while ago. The oldest texts (excluding the distinct Scottish "Elfin Knight" form with its "Plaidie awa" refrain) all have a herb/plant refrain. 20th century folklorists were eager to attribute magical properties of protection against evil or of an aphrodisiac to the plants, which is possible, but if that's the case the meaning was lost on generations of singers who accepted it as little more than a bunch of pretty words to carry the tune.
This is the only Child 2 tune I ever heard from a traditional singer that resembles the now famous "Scarborough Fair" tune as collected from Mr. Mark Anderson (1874–1953), a retired lead miner of Middleton-in-Teesdale, County Durham, England, by Ewan MacColl in 1947. The one that was popularised by Simon & Garfunkel in 1966.
Song transcription:
Will you make me a cambric shirt
So they say it is merry in time
Not needle or thread or seamster's work
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Now you've asked me questions three
So they say it is merry in time
And I hope you will answer the same for me
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you buy me an acre of land
So they say it is merry in time
Betwixt the salt water and the sea sand
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you plough it with a ram's horn
So they say it is merry in time
And plant it all down in one pepper of corn
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you reap it with a sickle of leather
So they say it is merry in time
And bind it all up in one peafowl's feather
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Spoken: That's as far as I can go
The Cambric Shirt - Sung by Mrs. James Conrad of Strange Creek, Braxton County, West Virginia, USA. Recorded by Louis Watson Chappell on September 18, 1940.
...cambric shirt
So they say it is merry in time
Without thread or needle or seamster work
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you wash it in yonder's well
So they say it is merry in time
Where never sprung water since rain ever fell
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you dry it on yonder's thorn
So they say it is merry in time
Where never bore blossom since Adam was born
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Now you've asked me questions three
So they say it is merry in time
I hope you will answer the same for me
And then you will be a true lover of mine
Will you buy me an acre of land
So they say it is merry in time
Betwixt salt water and the sea sand
Then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you plough it with a ram's horn
So they say it is merry in time
And plant it all down in one pepper of corn
And then you will be a true lover of mine
And will you reap it with a sickle of leather
So they say it is merry in time
And bind it all up in one peafowl's feather
And then you will be a true lover of mine
The Cambric Shirt - Sung by Mrs. Alvoretta "Allie" Nuzum Sample (1855–1942) of Coalfax, Marion County, West Virginia, USA. Her maiden name is an Irish form of Newsome. Recorded by Louis Watson Chappell on September 25, 1940.
You go buy me a cambric shirt
Without one stich of needle work
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Wash it out in an old dry well
Where never a drop of water fell
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
You go buy me an acre of land
Between the sea shore and the sand
Come-a-keetle-umma-keetle-umma
Tappa-lar-fum-a-lum-a-lay
Catch-you-low-my-nay
Catch-you-low-my-nay


![The Famous Flower of Serving Men (Child 106) - Martha Johnstone
Ill Cut Off My Long Yellow Hair / My Brother Built Me a Bancy Bower / My Father Built Me a Shady Bower / Sweet William / The Small Birds Whistle / Dukes and Earls / The Border Widows Lament / The Famous Flower of Serving Men (Child No. 106) - Sung by Mrs. Martha Peasie Johnstone (Martha Reid), a Traveller of Birnam, Perthshire, Scotland. She learned the song from her grandmother Martha MacKenzie of Strathpeffer Wells. Recorded by Hamish Henderson in February 1957 for the School of Scottish Studies.
Note by Kevin W.:
The usual opening My father built me a dandy bower is missing but this is the most complete text of The Famous Flower of Serving Men (Child 106) recorded in Scotland in modern times as far as I can tell. Martha said her grandmother called the song Ill Cut Off My Long Yellow Hair.
Perhaps this story needs some explanation. This young woman cuts off her long hair and dresses in mens clothes. And she goes to the Kings hall and offers to work as a servant there. One day when all the ladies and gents left to go hunting the woman sings to herself lamenting her fate. No one is in the hall except a silly old man who overhears her lamenting and understands that shes really a woman in mens clothes. So when the ladies and gents come back from hunting the silly old man tells the King what he found out. And the King when he sees for himself offers to make her his Queen all in the robes of green.
Martha Johnstone learned the old songs from her grandparents and from older Travellers. Were indebted to her for sharing her songs with people and to Maurice Fleming and Hamish Henderson in the 1950s, Peter Shepheard in the 1960s and Linda Williamson in later years for visiting and recording her.
Martha told Linda Williamson how she tried to teach The Golden Vanity to her grandchildren, to get them interested in the old songs, but they had more interest in television than singing. Most singers, and especially Travellers felt regret at not being able to pass their songs on to a new generation. A song wasnt only a song, it was a living memory of their parents, their forebears. While singing there was a strong emotional connection with the person the song was learned from. When that person passed their memory lived on whenever the song was sung.
The original recording can be listened to here:
https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/31551?l=en
A biography of Martha Johnstone along with many further sound recordings can be found here:
https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/person/2719?l=en
Linda Williamsons thesis on Scottish Traveller singing can be read here, it is well worth your time if you are interested in Martha Johnstones song repertoire: https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8223
Song transcription:
Ill cut off my long yellow hair,
And Ill put myself into mens roparrl.
To the kings own hall to do some work;
Sayn, What work, what work, oh its can you do?
Sure its anything that you put me to,
To be a hasher all in your hall.
[To be a hasher all in your hall,
To please your ladies and nobles all.] *
To make your beds all both soft and fine,
To please your ladies and obles all.
For as the gentry gane to hunting one day,
They left sweet William that silly old man.
Sometimes she sang and sometimes she mourned,
Sayn, God help, God help, all poor womankind.
For when ladies and gent from a-hunting came,
Sayn, What news, what news, has sweet William to tell?
Good news, good news, that I have to tell,
For a gentleman to become a queen.
If thats a lie that you tell to me,
Your head it lies, all into my gate.
If thats the truth that you tell to me,
I shall make you the laird of a high degree.
For they took her to aye a silent room
And the found thye breast all it give the sook.
Oh fetch to me aa the robes of green,
To see hoo a gent shall become a queen.
Ats pay to me my fee and let me be gone
No longer do I stay here.
Its fetch to me aa the robes of green.
To see hoo a gent to become a queen;
* This verse was sung on other occasions but missed this time. The Famous Flower of Serving Men (Child 106) - Martha Johnstone](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8NyODl1QhQE/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Clattering of the Clyde Waters (Child 216) (Kinross Festival 1973) - Stanley Robertson
The Clattering of the Clyde Waters / The Clattering o Clyde Waters / Clydes Water / Clydes Waters / Willie and May Margaret / The Drowned Lovers / The Mothers Malison (Child No. 216) - Sung by storyteller, ballad singer and piper Stanley Robertson (1940-2009) of Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Stanley was born into a Traveller family in Aberdeen and he was the nephew of famous Scottish traditional singer Jeannie Robertson. Recorded by Ailie Edmunds Munro at the Kinross Festival of Traditional Music and Song on September 8th, 1973. Another recording of the same performance by Ian Sinclair was included on Scots Songs and Music (1973) by Springthyme Records but I dont own the record so I cant say how it compares.
The original can be listened to here:
https://www.tobarandualchais.co.uk/track/67182?l=en
Note by Kevin W.:
Prof. Child titled this ballad The Mothers Malison (Child 216). A malison is a curse. Childs three texts have the mother lay a curse on Willie for visiting his lover against her will. It is implied that the curse causes the tragedy. However the handful of texts from 20th century traditional singers lost the mention of the mothers curse. The bleeding at the nose in the opening verse of John Strachans text is a bad omen, a sign of bad things about to happen.
Gin ye winna stay, my son Willie,
This ae bare night wi me,
Gin Clydes water be deep and fu o flood,
My malisen drown ye!
A rare traditional Scottish ballad. Stanley learned it from his aunt Margaret (Maggie) Stewart of Banchory, Kincardineshire whom he regarded as his adoptive grandmother.
This is a powerful performance. Perhaps the concert setting with a larger audience inspired Stanley to put more force to it. Sadly the tape ran out at the end, the song is incomplete.
An earlier recording made by Bill Leader in February 1973 can be heard here:
https://youtu.be/u3Rv7VAB0jI
Margaret Steward can be heard singing it here in a recording by Hamish Henderson from August 1954:
https://youtu.be/Md3nQPl69yM
Song transcription:
I hae a steed in my stable
Cost me twice twenty pound,
And Ill put trust in his four legs
That hell carry me safe tae the land.
For hes gaed ower yon high, high hill
And doon yon dowie den,
And the clatterin o the Clydes waters
Wad fear ten thousand men.
Spare me, spare me, Clyde water,
Oh spare me as I gang;
Ye can mak me a wreck when I come back,
But spare me as I gang!
When he got tae his Maggies bower,
Oh Maggie, let me in,
For ma boots are full o the Clyde waters
And Im tremblin tae the chin.
My loft is fu o hay an corn,
My stables fu o steed,
An ma bower is fu of gentlemen
And they wont remove tonight.
He turned his horse roond aboot
Wi a salt tear in his ee.
For its goodbye, false Maggie, he cries,
And its goodbye, Maggie, cries he.
An hes gaed ower yon high, high hill
An doon yon dowie den,
And the clatterin o the Clydes waters
It would fear ten thousand men.
His first step intae Clyde water
Taen Williams hat frae him,
And the clatterin o the Clydes waters
Taen Williams cane fae him.
William bent low ower his horse
Tae catch his hat befores,
An the clatterin o the Clydes waters
Taen William frae his horse.
Williams brither was on the bank,
Oh William, will ye droon?
For if ye catch haud o yer stallions heid
Hell learn ye how tae swim.
How can I catch my stallions heid
An he learns me tae swim?
For sleep or awake, false Maggie [ dear,
For she widnae let me in.
Noo shes gaed ower yon high, high hill
An doon yon dowie den,
An the deepest pools intae Clydes waters
Shes found her William in.
William, William, please forgive,
Forgive for no comin doon!
For its here that well get wir stepmothers prayer,
And its here that well baith maun droon. ] *
* Last two verses missing because the tape ran out. The Clattering of the Clyde Waters (Child 216) (Kinross Festival 1973) - Stanley Robertson](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8Orv-eYOWHo/mqdefault.jpg)
![Mary Hamilton (Child 173) (Fragment) - Charlotte Higgins
Four Maries / The Four Marys / Mary Mild / Mary Hamilton (Child No. 173) (Fragment) - Recited by Charlotte Higgins of Blairgowrie, Perthshire. Recorded by Hamish Henderson in 1958.
Song transcription:
A knock came tae the kitchen door,
It soonded through aa the room,
That Marie Hamilton had a ween
Tae the highest man in the toon,
Whaur is the ween ye had last nicht?
Whaur is the ween, I say?
They looked high and they looked low,
And they looked below the bed,
And there they found the dear wee ween,
Laying in a pool o blood.
...
Sink ye, or swim ye, yell get nae mair frae me.
Oh rise, Mary Hamilton, and come alang wi me.
This day yere gaun tae Edinborough toon,
A rich weddin for tae see.
...
...
She went up the tall booth stair,
And the heels did click o her sheen,
[And she was smiling,]
When she came doon again,
The tears did blind her ee,
For she was condemned tae dee. Mary Hamilton (Child 173) (Fragment) - Charlotte Higgins](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8Pe-wHnZnp4/mqdefault.jpg)
![The Unwilling Bride (Child 277) - John Jacob Niles
Dandoo / The Wee Cooper o Fife / The Scolding Wife / Gentle Fair Jenny / Jennifer Gentle / As the Dew Flies over the Green Vallee / Robin-a-Thrush / Rissolty Rossolty / Hobblety Bobblety / Nickety Nackety / The Wife Wrapt in Wethers Skin (Child No. 277) - Sung by John Jacob Niles on The Ballads of John Jacob Niles (1960).
Note by Kevin W.:
Likely a ballad recreation based on traditional Kentucky texts.
Niles was very good at writing or fixing up tunes. His idiosyncratic singing style may be an aquired taste, but some of the ballads he arranged from print texts are fine, singable pieces.
Song transcription:
Oh, I married a wife and I tuck her to home,
As the gentle young Jenny, the rosemary tree,
And I many times wished Id let her alone,
As the doe skims over the green valley.
But I, bein young, I tuck me to wife,
As the gentle young Jenny, the rosemary tree,
A woman who plagued me out of my life,
As the doe skims over the green valley.
Oh, for fear of her spoilin her pretty cloth shoes,
The pots in the kitchen she never would use.
Oh, first day when so weary I come from my plow,
Say, Wife, dearest wife, can I eat a bit now?
Lays a piece of stale pone on yon highest shelf,
If you want more for dinner, go git it yourself.
Oh, next day, as before, come I in from my plow,
Say, Wife, dearest wife, can I eat a bit now?
Oh, she grabbed a hot spider, [*] said, You git away,
Cause they haint no more cooked than they was yesterday.
Oh, I went to my woodland, aside of my barn,
And I cut me a hickory as long as my arm.
And then, in a twinkle, I quickly went back,
And I whacked my woman a lackety-smack.
Oh, next een, as before, come I in from my plow,
Say, Wife, dearest wife, can I eat a bit now?
Oh, she flew and she fluttered, the board it was spread,
And when I bespoke me, twas Yes, sir! she said.
* Skillet, frying pan. The Unwilling Bride (Child 277) - John Jacob Niles](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8bvt58DfU4M/mqdefault.jpg)

![The Devils Nine Questions (Child 1) - Alfreda M. Peel / Texas Gladden
The Devils Nine Questions / The Devil and the Nine Questions / Inter Diabolus Et Virgo / The Three Sisters / Jennifer Gentle / Juniper, Gentle and Rosemary / There Was an Old Man Lived in the West / Riddles Wisely Expounded (Child No. 1) - Sung by Miss Alfreda Adelaide Marion Peel (1890–1953, she never married) of Salem, Roanoke County, Virginia, USA. Recorded by Arthur Kyle Davis Jr. on August 9, 1932. Miss Alfreda Peel collected the song from Mrs. Rill Martin of Mechanicsburg, Bland County, Virginia, formerly of Giles County, on September 11, 1922, and an additional stanza on October 22, 1933. Miss Peel taught the song to Mrs. Texas Gladden of Salem, the two women were near neighbours and shared a love for old ballads.
00:00:00 The Devil and the Nine Questions (Take 1) - Alfreda M. Peel
00:03:32 The Devil and the Nine Questions (Take 2) - Alfreda M. Peel
00:06:37 The Devils Nine Questions (Old Copy) - Texas Gladden
00:09:29 The Devils Nine Questions (New Copy) - Texas Gladden
00:12:11 The Devils Nine Questions - Mildred Creighton
00:14:46 There Was an Old Man Lived in the West - Harriet Eldredge Eldred
Note by Kevin W.:
A traditional version of Riddles Wisely Expounded (Child 1). This riddle ballad is rare in America with only a handful of genuine versions found. It goes back to at least the 15th century. Under the title Inter Diabolus Et Virgo (Between Devil and Virgin) it is found in the Rawlinson Manuscript of circa 1445.
Modern texts collected in Virginia and Kentucky are astoundingly similar to the 15th century version and one can only wonder if they were kept alive by tradition or reintroduced at a later date via print. The Riddle Song / I Gave My Love a Cherry (Roud 330) is comparable in theme and antiquity, going back to the Sloane Manuscript of circa 1430 under the title I have a yong suster, however, unlike The Devils Nine Questions it is known to have been printed many times over the centuries, so its survival is less surprising.
A secondary form of Child 1 exists where a story of a knight courting the youngest of three sisters has become attached to the riddles. Sometimes the knight turns out to be the devil in disguise, sometimes he has no ill intentions and promises to marry the woman if she can answer his riddles correctly. In its non supernatural variant it was printed on 17th century British broadsides.
I know of only one sound recording of this later form of the ballad. There Was an Old Man Lived in the West, from Mrs. Harriet Eldredge Eldred of Hardwick, Caledonia County, Vermont, USA, recorded by Helen Hartness Flanders on October 6, 1958. Her text leaves no doubt that the suitor is the devil.
Sometimes the riddles got attached to The Fause Knight Upon the Road (Child 3) by similarity of theme. See The False Knight On The Road, sung by Ben Henneberry of Devils Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, collected by Helen Creighton in 1932, for an example.
Song transcription:
There was a knight came riding by,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety,
And there he spied a weavers lass,
And shes the weavers bonny. [*]
If you dont answer me questions nine,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety,
Ill take you off to hell alive,
And youre the weavers bonny.
What is whiter than the milk?
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
What is softer than the silk?
Say youre the weavers bonny.
Snow is whiter than the milk,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
Down is softer than the silk,
And Im the weavers bonny.
What is louder than a horn?
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
What is sharper than a thorn?
Sing Im the weavers bonny.
Thunders louder than a horn,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
Death is sharper than a thorn,
Sing Im the weavers bonny.
What is higher than a tree?
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
What is deeper than the sea?
Sing Im the weavers bonny.
Heavens higher than a tree,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
And hell is deeper than the sea,
Sing Im the weavers bonny.
What is innocenter than a lamb,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
What is worse than woman kind?
Say Im the weavers bonny.
A babe is innocenter than a lamb,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety;
She Devils worse than woman kind, [**]
Sing Im the weavers bonny.
You have answered me questions nine,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety,
Oh, you are Gods, youre not my own,
And youre the weavers bonny.
[*] The origin of this opening stanza is left unexplained. Mrs. Martin sang the same text and tune with a different opening stanza:
The Devil went a-courting and he did ride,
Sing ninety-nine and ninety,
A sword and a pistol by his side,
And youre the weavers bonny.
[**] Mrs. Martin sang The Devil. She Devil, amusing as it is, goes back to a misreading of Miss Peels original manuscript. A 78 RPM record by Burl Ives immortalised this mistake in 1944, incidentally enabling us to track later recordings of the song from traditional singers back to the Ives recording if they include the She Devil line. The Devils Nine Questions (Child 1) - Alfreda M. Peel / Texas Gladden](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9HZ4xs73DCI/mqdefault.jpg)


