Uploaded January 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Norrköping Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leif Segerstam.
I - Beginning (0:00)- 6 Measures after No.25 (8:39) - 1 Measure before No.49 (17:20) - 2 Measures before No.63 (21:43) - 1 Measure before No.81 (29:40)
Pettersson's Symphony No.15 was composed in 1978, being commissioned by the Swedish Television Channel TV2. It was premiered in Stockholm on November 19 of 1982, performed by the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sergiu Comissiona, being broadcasted both by radio and television. Unfortunately the composer didn't live enough to hear the piece, as he died of cancer in June 1980. The concert was dedicated to the premiere of his then posthumous completed works. As with most of Pettersson's symphonies, it is structured in a more concise single movement that maintains the composer's characteristic blending of violence and lyricism.
Symphony No. 15 is characterized by a high degree of tension right from the start. It has what is perhaps the most striking introduction of all Pettersson’s symphonies. Brief, emphatic chords from the horns and trombones are heard with an interval of one and a half bars above the tremolo of a side drum. The chords recur, not least in the latter parts of the symphony. As early as the sixth bar there is an expressive melodic subject in the first violins followed by contrasting rapid scales. At this point, Pettersson has presented the greater part of the symphony’s building blocks. The symphony is in one movement, but it has clearly defined sections in which certain parts differ strikingly from what has gone before, as at bar 137, in which the listener, for a short period, has the opportunity to relax in the music. Solo viola and solo violins hover at a very high tessitura above chords in the winds and dreamy pizzicato triplets in cello and bass.
It can be difficult for the listener to navigate through the Fifteenth Symphony in terms of both rhythm and tonality, a characteristic it shares with several of Pettersson’s symphonies from the 1970s. But in the calmer parts the composer often provides firmer ground, a centre of tonality to which we can relate the melodies and chords that we hear. Roughly a third of the way into the work there is a calmer passage, marked cantando, which is lyrical with extended legato lines. It is only at the end of this intense symphony does the calm mood return. Here, at bar 629, Pettersson lets the violins "sing" in an expressive broken C major chord which introduces a chorale-like section. From this point onwards the music gravitates towards C. True, the tonality immediately drifts off but again it finds its way back to C minor and C major. In this section the music is clearly more homophonic and the percussion players, who have been busy throughout the symphony, are able to rest.
Pettersson again lets the percussion join in as the unease returns. At this point the central subjects from the introduction to the work reappear, though now in a different orchestration and with a different tonal character (C has etched itself into the score). This final section therefore seems more like a sort of coda than a recapitulation. The composer has built up our expectations that the music will resolve into a final chord of C. But when we ultimately arrive at this (albeit with a seventh interval that remains an irritant) it is replaced by a chord of F sharp major – tonally as distant from C as one can get. Pettersson did not want to let his listeners find the expected and satisfactory resolution. Perhaps he is telling us that the music has not come to an end; that it has merely paused.
Picture: "Those Left Behind" (1950) by the Danish artist Asger Jorn.
Sources: tinyurl.com/2arrw4gf and tinyurl.com/24knlyff
To check the score: bit.ly/3ACNzBE
Norrköping Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leif Segerstam.
I - Beginning (0:00)- 6 Measures after No.25 (8:39) - 1 Measure before No.49 (17:20) - 2 Measures before No.63 (21:43) - 1 Measure before No.81 (29:40)
Pettersson's Symphony No.15 was composed in 1978, being commissioned by the Swedish Television Channel TV2. It was premiered in Stockholm on November 19 of 1982, performed by the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sergiu Comissiona, being broadcasted both by radio and television. Unfortunately the composer didn't live enough to hear the piece, as he died of cancer in June 1980. The concert was dedicated to the premiere of his then posthumous completed works. As with most of Pettersson's symphonies, it is structured in a more concise single movement that maintains the composer's characteristic blending of violence and lyricism.
Symphony No. 15 is characterized by a high degree of tension right from the start. It has what is perhaps the most striking introduction of all Pettersson’s symphonies. Brief, emphatic chords from the horns and trombones are heard with an interval of one and a half bars above the tremolo of a side drum. The chords recur, not least in the latter parts of the symphony. As early as the sixth bar there is an expressive melodic subject in the first violins followed by contrasting rapid scales. At this point, Pettersson has presented the greater part of the symphony’s building blocks. The symphony is in one movement, but it has clearly defined sections in which certain parts differ strikingly from what has gone before, as at bar 137, in which the listener, for a short period, has the opportunity to relax in the music. Solo viola and solo violins hover at a very high tessitura above chords in the winds and dreamy pizzicato triplets in cello and bass.
It can be difficult for the listener to navigate through the Fifteenth Symphony in terms of both rhythm and tonality, a characteristic it shares with several of Pettersson’s symphonies from the 1970s. But in the calmer parts the composer often provides firmer ground, a centre of tonality to which we can relate the melodies and chords that we hear. Roughly a third of the way into the work there is a calmer passage, marked cantando, which is lyrical with extended legato lines. It is only at the end of this intense symphony does the calm mood return. Here, at bar 629, Pettersson lets the violins "sing" in an expressive broken C major chord which introduces a chorale-like section. From this point onwards the music gravitates towards C. True, the tonality immediately drifts off but again it finds its way back to C minor and C major. In this section the music is clearly more homophonic and the percussion players, who have been busy throughout the symphony, are able to rest.
Pettersson again lets the percussion join in as the unease returns. At this point the central subjects from the introduction to the work reappear, though now in a different orchestration and with a different tonal character (C has etched itself into the score). This final section therefore seems more like a sort of coda than a recapitulation. The composer has built up our expectations that the music will resolve into a final chord of C. But when we ultimately arrive at this (albeit with a seventh interval that remains an irritant) it is replaced by a chord of F sharp major – tonally as distant from C as one can get. Pettersson did not want to let his listeners find the expected and satisfactory resolution. Perhaps he is telling us that the music has not come to an end; that it has merely paused.
Picture: "Those Left Behind" (1950) by the Danish artist Asger Jorn.
Sources: tinyurl.com/2arrw4gf and tinyurl.com/24knlyff
To check the score: bit.ly/3ACNzBE
![Lieto godea sedendo Polychoral Madrigal - Giovanni Gabrieli
The King’s Consort conducted by Robert King.
I - 0:00
Gabrielis Lieto godea sedendo was published in Volume II of Concerti di Andrea et di Giovanni Gabrieli in Venice on 1587, a volume mostly dedicated to the works of his uncle Andrea Gabrieli, but also includes Giovannis first motets. These early works show much influence of his uncles style in the use of dialogue and echo effects. In its original form it is scored for eight voices divided in two groups of four, set in this recording for two falsettists and a rich string accompaniment.
The madrigal became specially popular, as proves the fact that is was republished in 1588 by Friedrich Lindner, 1591 by Vittorio Baldini, and 1596 by Pierre Phalèse. Its music was reused as contrafacta in multiple compositions; Auxilium promisit Deus, Ein Kindlein fein, Fröhlich zu sein, Heilig ist Gott and Quam pulchra es amica mea. It was also the basis of the 1607 Magnificat supra Lieto godea by German composer Jan Le Febure, and was arranged both as a lute duet and also by Gabrieli’s pupil Heinrich Schütz as part of his Psalmen Davids (1619). In the midst of a traditionally damp Venetian spring its mildly erotic, lovesick tone must have brought on longings for the arrival of good weather.
Just as many European composers beat a trail to Venice to study with the renowned musicians there, the Venetian Giovanni Gabrieli’s earliest studies were with his uncle Andrea, at St Mark’s, before he travelled north to Munich to learn from the esteemed and influential Orlando de Lassus. Returning to Venice, he was appointed to St Mark’s as organist and subsequently, following his uncle’s death, as principal composer. Gabrielis career rose further when he took the additional post of organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another post he retained for his entire life. San Rocco was the most prestigious and wealthy of all the Venetian confraternities, and second only to San Marco itself in the splendour of its musical establishment.
The popular historical imagination has long nourished a fascination with the cori spezzati (split choir) traditions of Venices San Marco Cathedral. Well-known complexities of this churchs architecture provide numerous locations for the placement of musical ensembles: multiple choir lofts around the altar, elevated galleries, and even oversized, raised pulpits. Though more sober historical analysis has tempered earlier concepts of a nearly Berliozian disposition of performing forces in San Marco, several generations of Venetian musicians cultivated music that exploits the contrasts between antiphonal groups. The trend culminates in the splendid polychoral motets of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli.
The text paints a pastoral and amorous scene: the poet sits happily in April’s gentle breeze, surrounded by nature’s sighs of love, until Cupid strikes him with his mortal dart, bringing sudden emotional turmoil. Gabrieli mirrors this shift in mood through sharply contrasting musical textures. The choirs often sing in alternation (antiphonally), imitating each other’s motifs, which creates a lively call-and-response effect. This interplay not only enhances clarity of text but also exploits the Venetian polychoral tradition’s grandeur.
Midway, Gabrieli introduces a quicker triple-time section, injecting rhythmic vitality and dance-like energy before returning to the slower, more stately antiphonal exchanges. The madrigal’s structure thus reflects the emotional arc of the poetry: from serene contentment to the agitation of love’s wound, and finally to a return of the opening material, suggesting a cyclical inevitability. In sum, Lieto godea sedendo is both a showcase of Gabrieli’s mastery of spatial choral writing and a finely crafted marriage of text and music, emblematic of the Venetian madrigal’s expressive and architectural splendour.
[Activate subtitles to see the lyrics in Latin/English].
Picture: Young Woman (La Bella) (c. 1518-20) by the Italian painter Palma Vecchio.
Sources: https://tinyurl.com/2chnmus3, https://tinyurl.com/2564kjuj, https://tinyurl.com/2833x4qr and Copilot GPT-5
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/226e9tlm Lieto godea sedendo Polychoral Madrigal - Giovanni Gabrieli](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wnjIxfhsH_0/mqdefault.jpg)




![Ego dixi, Domine Motet - Giovanni Gabrieli
La Guilde des Mercenaires Ensemble conducted by Adrien Mabire.
I - 0:00
Gabrielis Ego dixi, Domine was published in Volume I of Concerti di Andrea et di Giovanni Gabrieli in Venice on 1587, a volume mostly dedicated to the works of his uncle Andrea Gabrieli, but also includes Giovannis first motets. These early works show much influence of his uncles style in the use of dialogue and echo effects. In its original form, it is scored for seven voices a cappella (Two cantus, Altus, Quintus, Sextus, Tenor and Bassus). The text is taken from multiple sources, all of them sacred; Psalm 40:5, Psalm 89:13 and the Te Deum.
Just as many European composers beat a trail to Venice to study with the renowned musicians there, the Venetian Giovanni Gabrieli’s earliest studies were with his uncle Andrea, at St Mark’s, before he travelled north to Munich to learn from the esteemed and influential Orlando de Lassus. Returning to Venice, he was appointed to St Mark’s as organist and subsequently, following his uncle’s death, as principal composer. Gabrielis career rose further when he took the additional post of organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, another post he retained for his entire life. San Rocco was the most prestigious and wealthy of all the Venetian confraternities, and second only to San Marco itself in the splendour of its musical establishment.
The work is mostly contrapuntal setting of the text (most often imitative in nature), with brief unison passages in between. Some light word-painting, very typical of late renaissance music, is employed by Gabrieli. Miserere mei, for instance, is often set with suspensions and dissonances resolving into consonance, a sonic metaphor for mercy granted. Sana animam meam, on the other hand, features smoother, stepwise motion, evoking healing and restoration. At key textual moments (especially invocations of the Lord’s name) are underlined by full, chordal writing. We find some rhythmic contrast between flowing semibreves for solemnity and quicker note values for urgency in the plea. Overall the piece shows Gabrieli’s ability to balance penitential gravity with luminous hope, a hallmark of late Renaissance Venetian music.
[Activate subtitles to see the lyrics in Latin/English].
Picture: Two Apostles by Italian painter Tintoretto.
Musical analysis written by myself alongside use of Copilot AI (GPT-5). Source: https://tinyurl.com/28vdnjlk
To check the score: https://tinyurl.com/2cmdsyvs Ego dixi, Domine Motet - Giovanni Gabrieli](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xP7K5WIXxR0/mqdefault.jpg)

![Faust Opera Music - Havergal Brian
English National Orchestra and Chorus of English National Opera conducted by Martyn Brabbins. For a list of singers: https://tinyurl.com/297mlkx4
I - Prologue in Heaven Die sonne tönt, nach alter Weise: 0:00
II - Act I [Fausts study]: Scene I. Night Habe nun, ach! (17:30) - Scene II. Es klopft? Herein! (26:05) - Ich bin allhier erst kurze Zeit (37:56)
III - Act II. Prelude through the air (53:18) - Scene I. Street Mein schönes fräulein (55:00) - Scene II. Evening, Gretchens room Ich gäb was drum (1:00:39) - Scene III. Gretchen with a lamp Es ist so schwül, so dumpfig hie (1:09:58) - Scene IV. Gretchens room, alone at the spinning wheel Meine Ruh it hin (1:16:45)
IV - Act III. Scene I. Night, street outside Gretchens house Wenn ich so saß bei einem Gelag (1:21:39) - Scene II. Cathedral Wie anders, Gretchen, war dirs (1:36:04)
V - Act IV. Scene I. Gloomy day, a field Im Elend! Verzweifelnd (1:47:25) - Scene II. Night, an open field (1:55:57) - Scene III. Prison Mich faßt ein längst entwohnter Schauer (1:59:25)
Brians Faust was composed between April 1955 and May 11 of 1956, being 80 years old by the time he finished it. The composer didnt live to hear the work performed, not even the handful of scenes and orchestral fragments he extracted afterwards. Seven years after his death was the Prologue in Heaven performed in a BBC broadcast of Radio 3 on March 9 of 1979, performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Charles Mackerras. As of today the work has neither been staged nor publicly performed in its entirety. Only between August 27-30 of 2019 was the piece recorded in its entirety by the label Dutton Epoch.
Like the rest of Brians operas, it was composed with no prospects of it being performed and with little consideration to the practicality of performing such works, far removed from the contingencies and compromises that happen in the operatic world. Brian made some occasional attempts to have them performed, but due to a mixture of bad luck and a lack of interest from opera houses, only the last of them, Agamemnon, was staged in the lifetime of the composer.
Faust is a setting of the first part of Goethes magnum opus Faust. Brian had been long fascinated with the work and identified himelf with the figure of Faust, serving as inspiration for the first, purely orchestral part of his enormous Gothic Symphony. Unlike the dramatic settings of other composers, most notably Gounod and Berlioz, Brian didnt modify a word from Goethes original text, only cutting a substantial part of episodes outside the core tragedy of Faust, Gretchen (or Marguerite) and Mephistopheles. These omissions (while sorely missed) make the first part of Goethes Faust an actual workable dramatic entity to be transformed into an opera. Also worth noting is that the opera is in the original German.
Faust is a kind of music drama with motifs associated with the major characters, Faust, Mephistopheles and Gretchen. Orchestrally it is heavily contrapuntal and there are times when the vocal and orchestral elements operate almost in parallel, the orchestral writing functioning symphonically, which imparts a strange sense of dislocation but reinforces Brian’s intellectualised vision. Not for nothing had he inscribed lines from Part II of Faust on the score of his Gothic Symphony, namely He who strives with all his might/that man we can redeem. Some scenic elements bear noting. In the long Prologue, where one finds Raphael, Gabriel and Michael as well as God and Mephistopheles, there’s a kind of trio for the first three mentioned and on Mephistopheles’ appearance Brian grants the orchestral strings a tremolandi, and lower brass glowering; a small whiff of sulphur is conjured up, the effect – for so often austere a word setter as Brian – is somewhat stagey.
Brian’s orchestration is worthy of attention. He often, within the contrapuntal drama of his setting, sets low brass against piercing winds, and he succeeds in communicating Faust’s urgency as he summons up the Earth Spirit in his study. But Brian’s music, here or in the symphonies, is never without expressive lyricism as can be heard as early as the first meeting of Faust and Mephistopheles. It deepens in Act 2 – after the deftly aerial Prelude for orchestra – when Faust meets Gretchen, the writing here being beautifully calibrated and touching, even Elgarian in his lighter manner.
[review continued in the comments section].
Pictures: [left] Faust and Mephistopheles (1827) [right] Marguerite at the church (1850) both by French painter Eugène Delacroix.
Sources: Recording booklet and https://tinyurl.com/2347wxmf
To check the score (voices and piano): https://tinyurl.com/2bj3guu6 Faust Opera Music - Havergal Brian](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xj3GNEPSorw/mqdefault.jpg)


