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Professor Gour Gopal Roy, of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India, talks about the variety of ways in which iron can be made from its ore and then continues to describe potential methods of reducing the carbon dioxide burden due to steel production.

This seminar is a part of a series of talks given at the Warwick Manufacturing Group of Warwick University

Crystallography, martensitic transformation. Lecture 9 of 9

Multi-metal additive manufacturing: in-situ alloying, composition control and species mixing

Transformations during welding of HSLA steels

$Chemical potential - a simple explanation The meaning of chemical potential is explained in the context of the thermodynamics of solutions. For more details see: https://www.phase-trans.msm.cam.ac.uk/teaching.html The partial differential with respect to mole fraction of A while keeping that of B constant should really be in terms of the number of moles of A while keeping those of B constant.$

Steels: design of bainitic steels. Lecture 4 of 12

Characterisation of steels using modern electron microscopy techniques, by Dr Geoff West

$Steels: nanostructured alloys A nanostructured material is here defined as one containing an exceptionally large density of strong interfaces, rather than one which simply contains a minor fraction of features such as precipitates, which are small in size. The desire for such materials in the engineering context comes from the expectation of novel mechanical properties, particularly the stress that can safely be tolerated in service. It is difficult to invent such materials because any design must address three basic issues: (i) it should ideally be possible to make samples which are large in all dimensions, not simply wires or thin sheets; (ii) there are commercially available steels in which the distance between interfaces is of the order of 250 100~nm. The novelty is in approaching a structural scale in polycrystalline metals which is an order of magnitude smaller. (iii) The material concerned must be cheap to produce if it is not to be limited to niche applications. A good standard for an affordable material is that its cost must be similar to that of bottled water when considering weight or volume. An alloy system based on iron is described in which it has been possible to create a high density of interfaces by heat treatment alone. The resulting structure consists of a mixture of slender platelets of bainitic ferrite, just 20 40,nm in thickness, embedded in a matrix of carbon enriched austenite. The rate at which this structure evolves is slow by conventional standards, but this permits components to be made which are large in all three dimensions, with uniform properties throughout. The fundamental mechanisms behind this novel nanostructured steel are reviewed, along with the factors determining its strength, ductility and fracture toughness. It is argued that although reasonable toughness can be achieved in the context of strength levels exceeding 2000,MPa, the impact toughness remains poor and that it may not be possible to improve this particular parameter. Associated teaching materials can be found on: http://www.phase-trans.msm.cam.ac.uk/teaching.html H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia$

Steel research in the steel city @bhadeshia123