Scapula (Shoulder Blade): Landmarks, Borders & Surfaces

Uploaded June 2025 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

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Content:
00:00 Introduction & Content
00:40 Scapula Anatomy
00:55 Coracoid Process
01:55 Spine of Scapula & Acromion
03:51 Supraspinous & Infraspinous Fossa
04:32 Subscapular Fossa
05:13 Neck of Scapula & Glenoid Cavity
06:55 Borders of the Scapula
08:55 Outro & Next Topic

This video covers the anatomy of the scapula.
Structures covered in this video:

Surfaces and Fossae:
• Anterior surface of scapula
• Posterior surface of scapula
• Subscapular fossa (Fossa subscapularis)
• Supraspinous fossa (Fossa supraspinata)
• Infraspinous fossa (Fossa infraspinata)

Processes and Projections:
• Coracoid process (Processus coracoideus)
• Acromion (Acromion)
• Spine of scapula (Spina scapulae)
• Acromial angle (Angulus acromialis)
• Deltoid tubercle

Angles and Borders:
• Superior angle (Angulus superior)
• Inferior angle (Angulus inferior)
• Lateral angle (Angulus lateralis)
• Superior border (Margo superior)
• Medial border / Vertebral border (Margo medialis)
• Lateral border / Axillary border (Margo lateralis)

Articular Surfaces and Joints:
• Glenoid cavity (Cavitas glenoidalis)
• Supraglenoid tubercle (Tuberculum supraglenoidale)
• Infraglenoid tubercle (Tuberculum infraglenoidale)
• Acromioclavicular joint (Articulatio acromioclavicularis)
• Clavicular facet (Facies articularis clavicularis)
• Neck of scapula (Collum scapulae)

Notches and Ligaments:
• Suprascapular notch (Incisura scapulae)
• Spinoglenoid notch (Incisura spinoglenoidalis)
• Coracoacromial ligament (Ligamentum coracoacromiale)
• Superior transverse scapular ligament

Muscles Associated with the Scapula:
• Subscapularis
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres major
• Teres minor
• Deltoid
• Trapezius
• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboid major
• Rhomboid minor
• Serratus anterior
• Pectoralis minor
• Biceps brachii (long head and short head)
• Triceps brachii (long head)
• Omohyoid (inferior belly)

Neurovascular Structures & Clinical Mnemonics:
• Suprascapular nerve
• Suprascapular artery
• Suprascapular vein
• “Army over Navy” (Artery over ligament, Nerve under)
• Spinoglenoid notch syndrome
• SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior tear)

Functions and Clinical Relevance:
• Scapular stabilization and mobility
• Role in shoulder abduction, elevation, and rotation
• Rotator cuff anchoring
• Glenohumeral joint support
• Scapular winging (due to serratus anterior weakness)
• Impingement and rotator cuff pathology
• Muscle attachment site for upper limb motion

Sources:
• Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy, 2nd ed.
• Standring S. (2020). Gray’s Anatomy, 42nd edition
• Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman’s Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation
• White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual

Programs used: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, PowerPoint

Scapula (Shoulder Blade): Landmarks, Borders & Surfaces | Anatomy

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