Uploaded April 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago

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This simulated entrained air filling is a comparison of the casting with engine cylinders oriented up and down. The key observation here is that entrained air (gas porosity) collects towards the end of runner and backfills into the casting in addition to significant recirculation of air. Further, the sprue flow shows additional air building and transferring into the casting later in fill. While the orientation of cylinders downward helps in reducing the highest concentration of air in comparison to the cylinders up, the sprue and runner design leaves room for improvement. Learn more at flow3d.com/products/flow-3d-cast/sand-casting-workspace