Uploaded February 2015 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Why are there so few women at the top? Part of the answer is prejudice, stereotypes, the fact that they still do most of the childrearing, etc. etc. – and all these might help explain why a woman’s male colleagues are often preferred. But there is another factor at play: once someone is actually promoted, a certain mechanism kicks in which helps magnify any initial difference – or create a very real one where none existed originally! Here is Malcolm Gladwell explaining the same process at work in the field of sports.
I believe the same mechanism can help explain a number of things – not least the huge discrepancy between NESTs and NNESTs at the top levels of ELT.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes].
Why are there so few women at the top? Part of the answer is prejudice, stereotypes, the fact that they still do most of the childrearing, etc. etc. – and all these might help explain why a woman’s male colleagues are often preferred. But there is another factor at play: once someone is actually promoted, a certain mechanism kicks in which helps magnify any initial difference – or create a very real one where none existed originally! Here is Malcolm Gladwell explaining the same process at work in the field of sports.
I believe the same mechanism can help explain a number of things – not least the huge discrepancy between NESTs and NNESTs at the top levels of ELT.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes].
![Ads for ELT - Alien
Let us face it: when you are in another country and you can’t speak the language, you feel… well, you feel like the alien in this ad. A brilliant warm-up to any lesson about the importance of English.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have only uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Ads for ELT - Alien](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l89IZ_QquVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
![Comedy for ELT - Teachers
[To get a free worksheet (+KEY, +Script) just click here: https://bit.ly/3tFjvjy ]
It can be because you love kids, or because you have a passion for knowledge and sharing knowledge, but these are by no means the only reasons why people opt to become teachers. In this vox pop, a number of individuals share with us their own unique path that led them to enter the profession…
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Comedy for ELT - Teachers](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/l9CX50E76C8/mqdefault.jpg)
![Comedy for ELT - Old Age
Senior citizens they may be, but all these two guys seem to be able to talk about is women… :-) A funny little sketch about men, sexist stereotypes and old age. Taken from the BBC TV Series ‘The Two Ronnies’.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Comedy for ELT - Old Age](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mN5Dm-gllk8/mqdefault.jpg)
![Psychology and ELT - Implementation Intentions
When people make plans, they do mean to go through with them but very often they fail to do so. How can we reduce the possibility of such a thing happening?
Surprisingly, simply asking them a few questions like….
- Where are you going to do that?
- How are you going to do that?
- When are you going to do that?
- What do you think you will have done before you do that?
…can increase the likelihood that they will be consistent with their initial decision by about 10%! (So now we know what to do when we assign our students H/W… Small changes can make a big difference).
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Psychology and ELT - Implementation Intentions](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mbGjJpkIsWM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Science - Equality of Outcome
You would expect that two groups which are generally equal, should also have equal outcomes, right? So, why should women (on average) get paid, say $ 30,000 per year, when men get paid (on average) $ 34,000 per year? Surely, this is unfair? Of course, it is – ceteris paribus.
Now let us look at something else: if we assume that there is an equal number of men and women in the US, how come there are less than 11,000 women in prison while there are more than 146,000 men? Shouldn’t the two figures be approximately equal? Is the law seriously discriminating against men? Or have I left something out? (Perhaps the number of serious crimes that men commit…)
Watch Professor Jonathan Haidt demonstrate that equality of outcome is a disastrous idea (unless everything else is equal, of course).
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have only uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Science - Equality of Outcome](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mdPOPOBSVj8/mqdefault.jpg)
![Psychology and ELT - The Social Aspect
‘Happiness comes from between’ (J. Haidt). Picture the scene: It’s the first day of college. Freshmen walk around feeling lost and somewhat apprehensive or just sit somewhere looking around them wearily. Humans are social animals and compulsive communicators who usually hang around with friends or family. This scene is about as unnatural as can be. Then some of the students notice the large, red fridge placed conspicuously in the yard. Perhaps having a Coke would help? So one of them reaches inside and picks up a bottle. But wait! What’s this? To her amazement she finds she cannot open it….
A fantastic idea aimed at getting people (nay, ‘forcing people’!) to get together and break the ice. After that, the automatic human bonding responses should take over. Q: Can we come up with similar ideas in our classes?
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Psychology and ELT - The Social Aspect](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mqXISrcgkSA/mqdefault.jpg)
![Comedy for ELT - The Manslater
A very funny spoof ad about a fictional product that helps men understand their better halves. It is also the perfect stimulus for a creative activity, getting students to design their own imaginary products. Students’ attention can be drawn to the key elements of the ad (problem – solution – how the product works – additional features – how to order etc.) which will make it easier for them to come up with something similar.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Comedy for ELT - The Manslater](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/n6t-T4etmyU/mqdefault.jpg)
![Psychology and ELT - The Pursuit of Meaning 1
Imagine a student who writes a story and gets the following feedback: ‘Nice work. You still need some work on the Passive Voice though’. How would they feel? Now listen to Professor Ariely describing a similar incident.
The experiment Ariely describes is fascinating. There are two conditions: in one you get to make robots with Lego bricks and you get paid for it. Your robots are all lined up and you are told they are going to be disassembled later. In the second condition though, as soon as you have made one, it is taken to pieces right before your eyes! Does this matter? And if so why? After all, the robots in the first case would also be dismantled eventually. Here is Dan Ariely to tell us what happened – and what it means for human beings and motivation.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes].
+psychology, +motivation, +etl, +esl, +tesol, +tefl, +intrinsic motivation, +purpose, +recognition, +Dan Ariely, +meaning, Psychology and ELT - The Pursuit of Meaning 1](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nRun_Fy0XfE/mqdefault.jpg)
![Psychology and ELT - Confidence
What does one mean when one says ‘This was a great talk!’ or ‘This was an amazing presentation!’? Surely they mean the content, right? The quality of the ideas, the way they are structured, how one thing follows from another, etc.
If this is what you think, just watch this fantastic clip. The speaker was introduced as an expert, but was in actual fact an actor and he delivered a talk on ‘Game Theory’. His talk had been carefully prepared to sound scientific but to be in fact completely meaningless. Were the people in the audience fooled? To quote Wikipedia: ‘The actor fooled not just one, but three separate audiences of professional and graduate students. Despite the emptiness of his lecture, fifty-five psychiatrists, psychologists, educators, graduate students, and other professionals produced evaluations of Dr. Fox that were overwhelmingly positive….’
What came to be called as ‘The Dr Fox Effect’ is in fact a manifestation of what Psychologists call ‘The Illusion of Confidence’. We use confidence as a heuristic; we subconsciously equate confidence with competence. And while the latter often comes with the former, the presence of the former by no means implies the latter.
[The moral: ‘Packaging’ matters. It seems that confidence and manner of delivery plays a much greater role in how we evaluate such an experience that we would like to think; once you reach a certain level of competence as a teacher and you feel you know your stuff, it may pay to invest more on improving delivery.]
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this video clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Psychology and ELT - Confidence](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nlyu4TS1ZkM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Comoedy for ELT - Take your clothes off
[To get a free worksheet (+KEY, +Script) just click here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByC3QwWZuGXdR3ZwbjYxVURhRzg/view?usp=sharing ]
[Warning: Using such material in class can get you seriously fired!] Having seen an advertisement which reads «Young musical lady required for Motel work - Must be experienced» a young girl goes to apply for the post. Unfortunately her would-be employer is only keen on getting her to take her clothes off…. [Yes, yes, I know, it can be seen as sexist, it reinforces stereotypes etc. etc., but…. it’s still a little gem of a sketch]. Taken from the BBC Radio series “I’m sorry I’ll read that again”.
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this audio clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Comoedy for ELT - Take your clothes off](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/og1Q6eN5niw/mqdefault.jpg)
![Comedy for ELT - John and Mary
[To get a free worksheet (+KEY, +Script) just click here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByC3QwWZuGXdTUVKV1BJNUdLQkU/view?usp=sharing ]
John returns home. His wife, Mary, has a surprise for him as the day is a very special one…. John Clease the Great. A little gem. Levels: B2 – C1. Topics: Relationship - Marriage [Taken from the BBC radio series “I’m sorry I’ll read that again”]
[NB: I do not own the copyright to this audio clip. I have uploaded it here for educational purposes]. Comedy for ELT - John and Mary](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oxVoA7RyULQ/mqdefault.jpg)