Uploaded June 2020 | Updated September 2026, 3 hours ago
The sixth of a series of interviews of European Left leaders "Meeting the Left".
Walter Baier and Tatiana Moutinho interview Clémentine Autain. At the end of the interview questions from the audience were taken.
***
Clémentine Autain is a French politician and journalist. She is a member of Ensemble, a political organisation founded in 2013 and and former components of Front de Gauche. In June 2017, she was elected Member of National Assembly for La France Insoumise. She is publishing director of the magazine Regards.fr and she was co-secretary of the Fondation Copernic.
Tatiana Moutinho, a Porto-based facilitator of transform! europe in the programme “Cooperation Strategies for Southern Europe" and the President of Cul:tra - Cooperativa Culturas de Trabalho e Socialismo (Portugal).
and
Walter Baier, economist in Vienna, he was National Chairman of the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) from 1994 to 2006. He was an editor of the Austrian weekly Volksstimme and from 2007 he has been the Coordinator of the network transform! europe.
******
The main focus of all discussions will be the impact of the pandemic on the economic, social, political, and cultural life of particular countries. We have seen that the EU’s failure to address the health crisis and provide support to the most affected states has changed the way the Union is perceived in parts of Europe. To what extent and with what consequences does this apply to the countries whose parties our interviewees represent? How can the left cope with the economic and social crisis and the recession that is very likely to come in its wake? How do the left parties connect their national strategies to global problems, in particular the influx of refugees and the answers urgently required by the global environmental crisis.
The sixth of a series of interviews of European Left leaders "Meeting the Left".
Walter Baier and Tatiana Moutinho interview Clémentine Autain. At the end of the interview questions from the audience were taken.
***
Clémentine Autain is a French politician and journalist. She is a member of Ensemble, a political organisation founded in 2013 and and former components of Front de Gauche. In June 2017, she was elected Member of National Assembly for La France Insoumise. She is publishing director of the magazine Regards.fr and she was co-secretary of the Fondation Copernic.
Tatiana Moutinho, a Porto-based facilitator of transform! europe in the programme “Cooperation Strategies for Southern Europe" and the President of Cul:tra - Cooperativa Culturas de Trabalho e Socialismo (Portugal).
and
Walter Baier, economist in Vienna, he was National Chairman of the Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) from 1994 to 2006. He was an editor of the Austrian weekly Volksstimme and from 2007 he has been the Coordinator of the network transform! europe.
******
The main focus of all discussions will be the impact of the pandemic on the economic, social, political, and cultural life of particular countries. We have seen that the EU’s failure to address the health crisis and provide support to the most affected states has changed the way the Union is perceived in parts of Europe. To what extent and with what consequences does this apply to the countries whose parties our interviewees represent? How can the left cope with the economic and social crisis and the recession that is very likely to come in its wake? How do the left parties connect their national strategies to global problems, in particular the influx of refugees and the answers urgently required by the global environmental crisis.










![Engelbert Stockhammer: Woytinsky, Hilferding and the Fiscal Orthodoxy of Interwar Social Democracy
Austrian School and Austro-Marxism Panel of the transform! Web-Conference on Socialism in Central and Eastern Europe and Austro-Marxism.
***
Engelbert Stockhammer is Professor of Economics at Kingston University. His research areas include macroeconomics, financial systems, and political economy. He is research associate at the Political Economy Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, member of the coordination committee of the “Research Network Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies” (FMM), and a co-organiser of the summer schools of the FMM. He has published widely in academic journals on the determinants of unemployment, on distribution-led demand regimes, and on financialization. He is author of the book “The rise of unemployment in Europe” (2004) and is co-editor of “Macroeconomic Policies on Shaky Foundations - Whither Mainstream Economics?” (2009), “Heterodoxe Ökonomie” ([in German] 2009), and “A Modern Guide to Keynesian Economics and Economic Policies” (Edward Elgar).
***
Austro-Marxism is a corpus of the Marxist theory developed by the intellectuals closely connected to the multinational Social Democratic Workers Party of Austria. Labeled as the little International, in the last decades of the 19th century, it provided cultural and intellectual incubation space for the socialist movements in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its successor states.
After the breakup of the Empire, Austro-Marxism inspired the practice of the Social democratic Workers Party of Austria, a mass party, which aimed at creating a socialist society by democratic mean. It became famous for its achievements in the municipality of Red Vienna. It distanced itself from both Marxist orthodoxy and Bolshevism, and later also, from the Third International dogmatism. Their most outstanding representative Otto Bauer clarified their position in the small book entitled Bolshevism or Social Democracy, as did Max Adler in his booklet Political and Social Democracy, where he positions himself close to Rosa Luxemburgs writings.
In the successor states, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia, independent socialist, social democratic and later Communist parties emerged, which however were still influenced by their common theoretical heritage. The cold war epoch contributed to a bipolar reception of Marxism as a Soviet orthodoxy versus a Western Marxism, referring to a great extent to Antonio Gramsci. The Central European version of Marxism fell into oblivion, especially after the demise of the so-called realized socialism.
In an editorial, written in 1926, for the Arbeiterzeitung, the newspaper of the Social Democratic Party, Otto Bauer gave his readers a short introduction to Austro-Marxism:
In the second half of the 19th century, a group of young Austrian comrades working in academia started to go by the name Austro-Marxists, Max Adler, Karl Renner, Rudolf Hilferding, Gustav Eckstein, Otto Bauer, Friedrich Adler, and a few others.
In these short lines, he mentions only men. However, remarkable women shaped the theoretical corpus of Austro-Marxism and contributed significantly to its intellectual sharpness and complexity. The works of Käthe Leichter, Therese Schlesinger, Adelheid Popp, Marie Jahoda, Hélène Bauer are still little known to an international academic audience.
Austro-Marxists were confronted with a wide array of challenges throughout the changing conjunctures of their time - like the national question within a multi-ethnic Empire or the problems concerning the states role in the economy following the economic turmoil of the late twenties. They had to learn to apply the Marxist interpretation of history to complicated phenomena where a superficial application of Marxist methods was not permissible.
Austro-Marxism was internationalist from the outset. It constituted the common root and provided a common language to the Marxist tradition in Central and, to some extent, in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. Inspired also by Kant and Mach, Austro-Marxism inspired others like Hans Kelsen, founder of the Pure Theory of Law, Alfred Adler, and Sigmund Freud.
Being hosted at the Austrian Universities, it contended with the Austrian School of Economics and its most remarkable theoreticians: Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek. Their theories saw a glorious come-back to prominence during the neoliberal revolution of the 1980s. One would not go too far to say that Austrian School theories still build the backbone of global Neoliberalism. The debates between these two schools of thought during the twenties and the early thirties of the 20th-century concern issues highly relevant today.
See the programme here https://www.transform-network.net/calendar/event/socialism-in-central-and-eastern-europe-and-austro-marxism/ Engelbert Stockhammer: Woytinsky, Hilferding and the Fiscal Orthodoxy of Interwar Social Democracy](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EgBGqJB_ZyI/mqdefault.jpg)