markdcatlin | Lead Added to Gasoline 1948 Standard Oil @markdcatlin | Uploaded March 2013 | Updated October 2024, 4 hours ago.
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
More than seventy-five years ago, some of America's leading corporations--General Motors, Du Pont and Standard Oil of New Jersey (known nowadays as Exxon) got together and put lead, a known poison, into gasoline, for profit. Historical records show that industrial leaders and scientist were aware of the health risks in the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, five workers at the Standard Oil Refinery in Bayway, New Jersey, died after exposure to a new gasoline additive. tetraethyl lead or, in industrial shorthand, TEL. It was developed by researchers at General Motors as an anti-knock formula, with the assurance that it was entirely safe to handle.
A public health controversy ensued with efforts to ban the use of TEL in gasoline, howevere the industry prevailed. Ironically, this public health fight was forgotten by the 1980s, and nearly identical arguments were replayed in public, scientific and governmental arenas. However, this time TEL, the industry lostthe fight. The TEL controversy is a good example of Santayana¹s famous aphorism: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Lead was outlawed as an automotive gasoline additive in this country in 1986--more than sixty years after its introduction--to enable the use of emissions-reducing catalytic converters in cars (which are contaminated and rendered useless by lead) and to address the myriad health and safety concerns that have shadowed the toxic additive from its first, tentative appearance on US roads in the twenties, through a period of international ubiquity only recently ending. Since the virtual disappearance of leaded gas in the United States (it's still sold for use in propeller airplanes), the mean blood-lead level of the American population has declined more than 75 percent. A 1985 EPA study estimated that as many as 5,000 Americans died annually from lead-related heart disease prior to the country's lead phaseout. According to a 1988 report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in America by the government's Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, one can estimate that the blood-lead levels of up to 2 million children were reduced every year to below toxic levels between 1970 and 1987 as leaded gasoline use was reduced. From that report and elsewhere, one can conservatively estimate that a total of about 68 million young children had toxic exposures to lead from gasoline from 1927 to 1987. How did lead get into gasoline in the first place? And why is leaded gas still being sold in the Third World, Eastern Europe and elsewhere? Read about this tragic history in the special report in the March 20, 2000 edition of The Nation By Jamie Lincoln Kitman, The Secret History of Lead at thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman and in the 2002 book Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution, by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner, University of California Press. This clip is from the 1948 US Bureau of Mines film, the Story of Gasoline.
