Jack Atkinson: A rising thermal – a comparison of experiment and theory @EngineeringCambridge
Jack Atkinson: A rising thermal – a comparison of experiment and theory  @EngineeringCambridge
Uploaded January 2020 | Updated September 2026, 1 day ago
Entered into our 2019 ZEISS Photography Competition by postdoctoral researcher Jack Atkinson.

This video shows a comparison between numerical simulations (left and right) and laboratory experiments (centre) of a thermal (a rising parcel of fluid).

The thermal wraps up into a mushroom cap before eventually becoming a buoyant vortex ring. After the vortex ring moves off ahead, a second mushroom begins to form from the wake. The numerics, along with the mathematical predictions and results, match well the real-world behaviour until the point at which the experimental vortex ring impinges upon the top of the tank, whereupon it breaks apart in a graceful fashion.

These images come work I performed as part of my PhD thesis. The work studied the processes by which the thermal transitions between the different stages to provide an understanding of its evolution.
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Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge |

Jack Atkinson: A rising thermal – a comparison of experiment and theory

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