Uploaded November 2018 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
Dianna from Physics Girl makes DIY crazy vortex ring shapes with Grant Sanderson from 3blue1brown
Turbulence with 3blue1brown: youtu.be/_UoTTq651dE
If you liked this video check out these:
How to Make VORTEX RINGS in a Pool
youtube.com/watch?v=_18avidXxqY
Singing this Note is IMPOSSIBLE!
youtube.com/watch?v=F64xcPKKES8
physicsgirl.org
twitter.com/thephysicsgirl
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Creator: Dianna Cowern
Producer: Dan Walsh
Editing: Jabril Ashe
Animations: Keegan Larwin, Dan Walsh, Brooke Wimberley, and Jabril Ashe
Thanks to Kyle Kitzmiller!
Dianna from Physics Girl makes DIY crazy vortex ring shapes with Grant Sanderson from 3blue1brown
Turbulence with 3blue1brown: youtu.be/_UoTTq651dE
If you liked this video check out these:
How to Make VORTEX RINGS in a Pool
youtube.com/watch?v=_18avidXxqY
Singing this Note is IMPOSSIBLE!
youtube.com/watch?v=F64xcPKKES8
physicsgirl.org
twitter.com/thephysicsgirl
facebook.com/thephysicsgirl
instagram.com/thephysicsgirl
Creator: Dianna Cowern
Producer: Dan Walsh
Editing: Jabril Ashe
Animations: Keegan Larwin, Dan Walsh, Brooke Wimberley, and Jabril Ashe
Thanks to Kyle Kitzmiller!

![Are planes safe during COVID?
How likely are you to get sick on an airplane? How safe are airplanes? The science of ventilation and bioaerosol research.
If you liked this video, check out:
What stretching actually does to your body:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JgBp7dX4AU
Only some humans can see this type of light:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSu0cV3fqi8
Creator/Host: Dianna Cowern
Video Editing: Levi Butner
Research/writing: Sophia Chen
Writing/Editing: Dianna Cowern
Special thanks to our Sally Ride Patrons!
Special thanks to our Sally Ride level patrons: Alejandro Gutierrez, Brian OConnell, David Cichowski, Fabrice Eap, Henning Bitsch, Kenneth Hunter, Margaux Lopez, Patrick Olson, Vikram Bhat, wc993219.
Join the Physics Girl Patreon community! ►► https://www.patreon.com/physicsgirl
Thanks to Malin Alsved, Hope Butner and Kyle Kitzmiller.
http://physicsgirl.org/
http://twitter.com/thephysicsgirl
http://facebook.com/thephysicsgirl
http://instagram.com/thephysicsgirl
Credits:
Some Stock footage provided by Videvo, downloaded from www.videvo.net
Resources:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3a69/98741b1e14fe3e15d5fe0bc6ed4e58d83475.pdf?_ga=2.94557724.129545850.1594340593-1120174445.1589328977
[1977 info and H1n1 stat are in Lei 2017, with further details about 1977 flight here: http://blog.h1n1.influenza.bvsalud.org/en/2009/09/28/influenza-air-transmission/]
[THERE’S THIS VERY COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF RECOMMENDATIONS FROM A TRADE ASSOCIATION, THAT IS COOL TO JUST RUN THROUGH. YOU CAN PICK THE EXAMPLES YOU LIKE, BUT I’LL JUST HIGHLIGHT A FEW THAT I FOUND INTRIGUING.]
https://www.ashrae.org/File%20Library/Technical%20Resources/Standards%20and%20Guidelines/Standards%20Addenda/62-2001/62-2001_Addendum-n.pdf
[Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Indoor_air_velocity]
http://epibulletins.dhss.alaska.gov/Document/Display?DocumentId=888
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/study-maps-how-flu-virus-moves-around-plane-180968541/
Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7293495/
https://lbourouiba.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/14BourouibaBush-sneezecloudJFM_corrected.pdf
https://up.codes/s/outdoor-airflow-rate
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/07/07/1004841/a-group-of-239-scientists-say-theres-growing-evidence-covid-19-is-airborne/?itm_source=parsely-api
Timeline of COVID-19
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it#:~:text=The%20International%20Committee%20on%20Taxonomy,two%20viruses%20are%20different.
Ventilation rates on airplanes:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.304.7321&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Ventilation rates inside:
https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/how-much-ventilation-do-i-need-my-home-improve-indoor-air-quality
Transmission rates on airplanes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165818/ Are planes safe during COVID?](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/NUCru4p15-4/mqdefault.jpg)








