Reactions | How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War One @ACSReactions | Uploaded 2 years ago | Updated 1 hour ago
Can a medicine cause a war? When chemists isolated a new compound from the bark of a South American tree, they had no idea they were changing world history, and cocktails, forever.
If we look at how the bark of the cinchona tree is used to treat malaria, we can see cutting edge chemistry showing quinine binding to an enzyme that is essential for the malaria parasite’s survival. But if we look from another angle, we can see how that coincidental affinity may have been a major contributing factor to World War One.
#malaria #medicinalchemistry #history
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Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sophia Roberts
Scientific Consultants:
Selasi Dankwa, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
James Webb, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources and more information:
Identifying purine nucleoside phosphorylase as the target of quinine using cellular thermal shift assay
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30602534
Monitoring Drug Target Engagement in Cells and Tissues Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1233606
The cellular thermal shift assay for evaluating drug target interactions in cells
nature.com/articles/nprot.2014.138
Population genetic analysis of the DARC locus (Duffy) reveals adaptation from standing variation associated with malaria resistance in humans
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365118
Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malaria
nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32254-z
Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase is critical for viability of malaria parasites
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18957439
Types of Malaria Parasites
stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/primary-care/malaria/types.html
Historical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quinine
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973170
Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121651
Mortality among European settlers in pre-colonial West Africa: The “White Man’s Grave” revisited
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/49666
Malaria’s Impact Worldwide
cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.html
Portrait of a serial killer
nature.com/articles/news021001-6
Antimalarial Drug Discovery: From Quinine to the Dream of Eradication
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml4004414
Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621009430
Quinine's Target
science.org/content/blog-post/quinine-s-target
Quinine fever
nature.com/articles/s41557-021-00872-2
Hemoglobin degradation in malaria-infected erythrocytes determined from live cell magnetophoresis
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728832
Dramatic evolution within human genome may have been caused by malaria parasite
science.org/content/article/dramatic-evolution-within-human-genome-may-have-been-caused-malaria-parasite#:~:text=vivax%20accounts%20for%20fewer%20than,parasite%20needs%20to%20gain%20entry
German Empire
britannica.com/place/German-Empire
Berlin 1884: Remembering the conference that divided Africa
aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/15/berlin-1884-remembering-the-conference-that-divided-africa
Can a medicine cause a war? When chemists isolated a new compound from the bark of a South American tree, they had no idea they were changing world history, and cocktails, forever.
If we look at how the bark of the cinchona tree is used to treat malaria, we can see cutting edge chemistry showing quinine binding to an enzyme that is essential for the malaria parasite’s survival. But if we look from another angle, we can see how that coincidental affinity may have been a major contributing factor to World War One.
#malaria #medicinalchemistry #history
Check out the new shows on PBS Terra:
Why Am I Like This: youtu.be/eWzBNfBnFys
Far Out: youtu.be/jpUjze3v_6c
You might also like:
What Happens When You Distill Whiskey?
youtu.be/a1IruS1bKN8
The Science of Maple Syrup Production:
youtu.be/nSRCDiKMEJc
How Lead (Maybe?) Caused the Downfall of the Roman Empire:
youtu.be/4k7CvSiomlA
What Exactly Happened at Chernobyl?
youtu.be/uvpS2lUHZD8
The Science of Kombucha
youtu.be/YxARRckS9dA
Credits:
Executive Producers:
Matthew Radcliff
Producers:
Elaine Seward
Andrew Sobey
Darren Weaver
Writer/Host:
Sophia Roberts
Scientific Consultants:
Selasi Dankwa, PhD
Leila Duman, PhD
Brianne Raccor, PhD
James Webb, PhD
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society.
© 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Sources and more information:
Identifying purine nucleoside phosphorylase as the target of quinine using cellular thermal shift assay
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30602534
Monitoring Drug Target Engagement in Cells and Tissues Using the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay
science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1233606
The cellular thermal shift assay for evaluating drug target interactions in cells
nature.com/articles/nprot.2014.138
Population genetic analysis of the DARC locus (Duffy) reveals adaptation from standing variation associated with malaria resistance in humans
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5365118
Susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria associated with DARC (Duffy antigen) polymorphisms is influenced by the time of exposure to malaria
nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32254-z
Plasmodium falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase is critical for viability of malaria parasites
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18957439
Types of Malaria Parasites
stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/primary-care/malaria/types.html
Historical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quinine
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973170
Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121651
Mortality among European settlers in pre-colonial West Africa: The “White Man’s Grave” revisited
https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/49666
Malaria’s Impact Worldwide
cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.html
Portrait of a serial killer
nature.com/articles/news021001-6
Antimalarial Drug Discovery: From Quinine to the Dream of Eradication
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ml4004414
Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673621009430
Quinine's Target
science.org/content/blog-post/quinine-s-target
Quinine fever
nature.com/articles/s41557-021-00872-2
Hemoglobin degradation in malaria-infected erythrocytes determined from live cell magnetophoresis
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728832
Dramatic evolution within human genome may have been caused by malaria parasite
science.org/content/article/dramatic-evolution-within-human-genome-may-have-been-caused-malaria-parasite#:~:text=vivax%20accounts%20for%20fewer%20than,parasite%20needs%20to%20gain%20entry
German Empire
britannica.com/place/German-Empire
Berlin 1884: Remembering the conference that divided Africa
aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/11/15/berlin-1884-remembering-the-conference-that-divided-africa
