Uploaded March 2019 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The term cancer comprises over 200 different conditions. Besides traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, new approaches are developed to cure different types of cancer. Immunotherapy is based on the activation of the patient's immune cell to effectively target cancer cells. Several methods fall into the category of immunotherapy, such as immunostimulation or checkpoint inhibitors. Immunostimulation involves the administration of cytokines, such as interleukin-2 or interferon-alpha to activate the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are based on the blockade of interactions between tumor cells and cytotoxic T-cells to provoke the depletion of malignant tissue. The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 was awarded for the development of checkpoint inhibitors. Although new treatments have to be developed, checkpoint inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab) show promising results in advanced melanoma and specific types of lung cancer.
For your further research:
Drake, C. G., Lipson, E. J., & Brahmer, J. R. (2014). Breathing new life into immunotherapy: review of melanoma, lung and kidney cancer. Nature reviews Clinical oncology, 11(1), 24.
Robert, C., Long, G. V., Brady, B., Dutriaux, C., Maio, M., Mortier, L., ... & Savage, K. J. (2015). Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. New England journal of medicine, 372(4), 320-330.
Brahmer, J., Reckamp, K. L., Baas, P., Crinò, L., Eberhardt, W. E., Poddubskaya, E., ... & Waterhouse, D. (2015). Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non–small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(2), 123-135.
Music:
Intro:
Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com
Transitions:
Light Thought var 3 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: incompetech.com
About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.
Subscribe for more awesome biomedical research: bit.ly/2SRMqhC
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The term cancer comprises over 200 different conditions. Besides traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, new approaches are developed to cure different types of cancer. Immunotherapy is based on the activation of the patient's immune cell to effectively target cancer cells. Several methods fall into the category of immunotherapy, such as immunostimulation or checkpoint inhibitors. Immunostimulation involves the administration of cytokines, such as interleukin-2 or interferon-alpha to activate the immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are based on the blockade of interactions between tumor cells and cytotoxic T-cells to provoke the depletion of malignant tissue. The Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 was awarded for the development of checkpoint inhibitors. Although new treatments have to be developed, checkpoint inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab) show promising results in advanced melanoma and specific types of lung cancer.
For your further research:
Drake, C. G., Lipson, E. J., & Brahmer, J. R. (2014). Breathing new life into immunotherapy: review of melanoma, lung and kidney cancer. Nature reviews Clinical oncology, 11(1), 24.
Robert, C., Long, G. V., Brady, B., Dutriaux, C., Maio, M., Mortier, L., ... & Savage, K. J. (2015). Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. New England journal of medicine, 372(4), 320-330.
Brahmer, J., Reckamp, K. L., Baas, P., Crinò, L., Eberhardt, W. E., Poddubskaya, E., ... & Waterhouse, D. (2015). Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non–small-cell lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(2), 123-135.
Music:
Intro:
Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com
Transitions:
Light Thought var 3 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Artist: incompetech.com
About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.
