Uploaded January 2019 | Updated September 2026, 11 hours ago

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In this episode we examine one of the greatest mysteries in nature. The woodpecker.
How can evolution explain it?


References:

Creationist arguments
creation.com/woodpecker-head-banging-wonder
icr.org/article/woodpecker-inspires-designers-knocks
creationism.org/heinze/Woodpecker.htm

Haldane
https://irl.cs.ucla.edu/papers/right-size.html

Woodpecker brain damage
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191526

Evolutionary morphology of the woodpeckers
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/DENISIA_0036_0037-0054.pdf

Structural analysis of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in a woodpecker
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063634

AN ADAPTIVE MODIFICATION IN THE RIBS OF
WOODPECKERS AND PICULETS
https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v097n03/p0521-p0532.pdf

Functional and evolutionary morphology of woodpecker
researchgate.net/publication/254292702_Functional_and_evolutionary_morphology_of_woodpecker

ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS
https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v089n01/p0065-p0085.pdf

Convergent evolution of a mobile bony tongue in flighted dinosaurs and pterosaurs
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198078

A Well-Preserved Archaeopteryx
Specimen with Theropod Features
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/583b/088cfa8010c5b29079f684fe321e13ca3a40.pdf