Uploaded October 2021 | Updated September 2026, 9 hours ago
In this episode we examine vestigial organs.
Are they really non-functional?
Do they really prove evolution?
REFERENCES
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/human-body/vestigial-organs/setting-the-record-straight-on-vestigial-organs
creation.com/vestigial-organs-what-do-they-prove
evolutionnews.org/2009/05/the_myth_of_vestigial_organs_a
icr.org/article/do-useless-organs-prove-humans-evolved
Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species
darwin-online.org.uk/contents.html
Robert Wiedersheim’s, "The Structure of Man"
openlibrary.org/books/OL7171834M/The_structure_of_man_an_index_to_his_past_history
Mclelland L, Jones NS. Tonsillectomy: Haemorrhaging ideas. J Laryngology Otology. 2005;119:753–758
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16259649
Lee MSW, Montague ML, Hussain SS. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: Cold versus hot dissection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:833–836.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577776
Selley, Peter (2016). "William Cookesley, William Hunter and the first patient to survive removal of the appendix in 1731 – a case history with 31 years' follow up". Journal of Medical Biography. 24 (2): 180–3.
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0967772015591717
Simpson, J. Clinical lectures on the diseases of women: Coccydynia and diseases and deformities of the coccyx. Med Times Gazette. 1859; 40: 1-7.
scribd.com/document/366160419/Coccydynia-An-Overview-of-the-Anatomy-Etiology-And-Treatment-of-Coccyx-Pain
Aristotle on Moles
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/oddnotes/aristotlemoles.html
St. Hilaire, Geoffroy (1798). "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy", La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique 1 (pp. 46–51).
Mallo, M., Wellik, D.M. & Deschamps, J. (2010). Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan. Developmental Biology, 344, 7-15.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20435029
Mammary Glands
web.archive.org/web/20110421033058/http://www.derm101.com/content/13501
Smith HF, Fisher RE, Everett ML, Thomas AD, Bollinger RR, Parker W (October 2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–99.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x
McClory, Susan; Hughes, Tiffany; Freud, Aharon G.; Briercheck, Edward L.; Martin, Chelsea; Trimboli, Anthony J.; Yu, Jianhua; Zhang, Xiaoli; Leone, Gustavo; Nuovo, Gerard; Caligiuri, Michael A. (2012). "Evidence for a stepwise program of extrathymic T cell development within the human tonsil". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122 (4): 1403–1415.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314444
David Comings' Paper on Junk DNA
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4578264
Susumu Ono's paper on Junk DNA
junkdna.com/ohno.html
Non-coding genes to ORFANs
Levine MT, Jones CD, Kern AD, Lindfors HA, Begun DJ. Novel genes derived from noncoding DNA in Drosophila melanogaster are frequently X-linked and exhibit testis-biased expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, vol. 103 (pg. 9935-9939)
2008 Drosophila
pnas.org/content/103/26/9935
Zhou Q, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhao R, Zhan Z, Li X, Ding Y, Yang S, Wang W. On the origin of new genes in Drosophila, Genome Res, 2008, vol. 18 (pg. 1446-1455)
2008 Yeast
researchgate.net/publication/5305831_On_the_origin_of_new_genes_in_Drosophila
Cai J, Zhao R, Jiang H, Wang W. De novo origination of a new protein-coding gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, 2008, vol. 179 (pg. 487-496)
genetics.org/content/179/1/487
Leonardo DaVinci on the Appendix
rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/the-centenarian-anatomical-manuscript-b
Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002251930700416X
In this episode we examine vestigial organs.
Are they really non-functional?
Do they really prove evolution?
REFERENCES
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/human-body/vestigial-organs/setting-the-record-straight-on-vestigial-organs
creation.com/vestigial-organs-what-do-they-prove
evolutionnews.org/2009/05/the_myth_of_vestigial_organs_a
icr.org/article/do-useless-organs-prove-humans-evolved
Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species
darwin-online.org.uk/contents.html
Robert Wiedersheim’s, "The Structure of Man"
openlibrary.org/books/OL7171834M/The_structure_of_man_an_index_to_his_past_history
Mclelland L, Jones NS. Tonsillectomy: Haemorrhaging ideas. J Laryngology Otology. 2005;119:753–758
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16259649
Lee MSW, Montague ML, Hussain SS. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: Cold versus hot dissection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:833–836.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577776
Selley, Peter (2016). "William Cookesley, William Hunter and the first patient to survive removal of the appendix in 1731 – a case history with 31 years' follow up". Journal of Medical Biography. 24 (2): 180–3.
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0967772015591717
Simpson, J. Clinical lectures on the diseases of women: Coccydynia and diseases and deformities of the coccyx. Med Times Gazette. 1859; 40: 1-7.
scribd.com/document/366160419/Coccydynia-An-Overview-of-the-Anatomy-Etiology-And-Treatment-of-Coccyx-Pain
Aristotle on Moles
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/oddnotes/aristotlemoles.html
St. Hilaire, Geoffroy (1798). "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy", La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique 1 (pp. 46–51).
Mallo, M., Wellik, D.M. & Deschamps, J. (2010). Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan. Developmental Biology, 344, 7-15.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20435029
Mammary Glands
web.archive.org/web/20110421033058/http://www.derm101.com/content/13501
Smith HF, Fisher RE, Everett ML, Thomas AD, Bollinger RR, Parker W (October 2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–99.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x
McClory, Susan; Hughes, Tiffany; Freud, Aharon G.; Briercheck, Edward L.; Martin, Chelsea; Trimboli, Anthony J.; Yu, Jianhua; Zhang, Xiaoli; Leone, Gustavo; Nuovo, Gerard; Caligiuri, Michael A. (2012). "Evidence for a stepwise program of extrathymic T cell development within the human tonsil". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122 (4): 1403–1415.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314444
David Comings' Paper on Junk DNA
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4578264
Susumu Ono's paper on Junk DNA
junkdna.com/ohno.html
Non-coding genes to ORFANs
Levine MT, Jones CD, Kern AD, Lindfors HA, Begun DJ. Novel genes derived from noncoding DNA in Drosophila melanogaster are frequently X-linked and exhibit testis-biased expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, vol. 103 (pg. 9935-9939)
2008 Drosophila
pnas.org/content/103/26/9935
Zhou Q, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhao R, Zhan Z, Li X, Ding Y, Yang S, Wang W. On the origin of new genes in Drosophila, Genome Res, 2008, vol. 18 (pg. 1446-1455)
2008 Yeast
researchgate.net/publication/5305831_On_the_origin_of_new_genes_in_Drosophila
Cai J, Zhao R, Jiang H, Wang W. De novo origination of a new protein-coding gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, 2008, vol. 179 (pg. 487-496)
genetics.org/content/179/1/487
Leonardo DaVinci on the Appendix
rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/the-centenarian-anatomical-manuscript-b
Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002251930700416X
