Dan Davis History
The Yamnaya Culture | Bronze Age Steppe Herders
updated
In the centuries since his death, the life and deeds of Rodrigo were told and retold, until his story grew into legend. But if he’s a symbol of the Reconquista, - the long reconquest of Iberia from the Moors - why did he spend part of his career fighting for Muslim rulers? This is the incredible story of Spain’s greatest hero, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, the Campeador, the knight known to history as El Cid.
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*Sources*
The Poem of the Cid: amzn.to/4dxKnsw
The Quest for El Cid: amzn.to/3BuLJXA
The World of El Cid (with the Historia Roderici): amzn.to/47SsgMq
Defenders of the West: amzn.to/3TWCQfY
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Life of El Cid
02:08 Part 1 Rodrigo Diaz
13:09 Part 2 The Campeador
25:46 Part 3 El Cid
35:11 Part 4 Prince of Valencia
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*Sources*
Trade before Civilization: amzn.to/4cJLogD
Elevated Rock Art: amzn.to/47dxEcY
Rock Art and Seascapes in Uppland: amzn.to/4cQEeqS
Creating an Archaeological Matrix of Late Prehistoric Rock Art: amzn.to/3MpiB6h
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
Sex And War in Ancient Polynesia by Michael Reilly. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 110, No. 1 (March 2001)
Phallic Representations in Bronze Age Scandinavian Rock Art by Joanna M. Lawrence 2015
Bengtsson, B., Artursson, M., & Wehlin, J. (2024). Evidence of Large Vessels and Sail in Bronze Age Scandinavia. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 57(1), 59–84. doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2024.2357135
Museum of Denmark: https://en.natmus.dk/
The above includes affiliate links so we may make a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Nordic Bronze Age Rock Art
04:30 Please Support the Channel
05:05 Bronze Age Petroglyphs
07:05 Bronze Age Ships
07:47 Ritual vs Reality
09:00 Phallic Imagery
10:56 Weapons and Warfare
12:37 Clothing and Armor
15:28 Male Physiology
17:28 Polynesian Warriors
In Central Asia, 3500 BC, five and a half thousand years ago, lived sedentary hunter-gatherers who specialised in the hunting of horses. For centuries, generation after generation lived on almost nothing but horse meat. It’s also possible that they domesticated horses here, keeping them in corrals in their villages, for their milk and meat. They might even have ridden these horses and used them for hunting the wild horse populations, riding on their backs with spears and bows and arrows in hand. If so, this would be an independent horse domestication process from that which led to our domesticated horses today. So who were these people? Where did they come from and how did they live? What is the evidence that they managed and domesticated horses? And what ultimately happened to them? This is the story of the incredible horse hunters of prehistoric Central Asia, the Botai culture.
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*My Links*
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*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology of Hunter-Gatherers: amzn.to/4f72WWz
Peter de Barros Damgaard et al. ,The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia.Science360,eaar7711(2018)
Jeong, C. et al. The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia (2019)
Alan K. Outram et al. ,The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking (2009)
Gaunitz et al, Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses (2018)
Wilkin, S., Ventresca Miller, A., Fernandes, R. et al. Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions. Nature 598, 629–633 (2021)
Librado, P., Tressières, G., Chauvey, L. et al. Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2,200 BCE in Eurasia. Nature (2024)
Alan K. Outram, Horse domestication as a multi-centered, multi-stage process: Botai and the role of specialized Eneolithic horse pastoralism in the development of human-equine relationships (2023)
Peter de Barros Damgaard et al. ,The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia (2018)
Jeong, C., Balanovsky, O., Lukianova, E. et al. The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia. (2019)
Zhang, F., Ning, C., Scott, A. et al. The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies. (2021)
Fages et al., Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series (2019)
Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, G., Lightfoot, E., Liu, X. et al. Archaeobotanical investigations at the earliest horse herder site of Botai in Kazakhstan (2019)
Taylor, W.T.T., Barrón-Ortiz, C.I. Rethinking the evidence for early horse domestication at Botai. (2021)
Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A. et al. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes. Nature 598, 634–640 (2021)
Librado, P., Tressières, G., Chauvey, L. et al. Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2,200 BCE in Eurasia. Nature (2024)
Charleen Gaunitz et al. ,Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses.(2018)
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Botai Culture
01:48 MyHeritage
03:16 Where did they come from?
05:15 Botai settlements
10:15 Horse domestication evidence
16:40 Ancient horse DNA evidence
21:46 The Late 4th Millennium BC World
In the depths of the ice age in Europe, at the end of the Upper Paleolithic, the Gravettian saw incredible societies of mammoth hunters thriving across Europe.
They lived in caves, rock shelters, and open-air settlements in mammoth bone houses and developed surprisingly complex and sophisticated societies. Their burials at sites like Dolní Věstonice and Sungir could include grave goods like ivory beads in enormous quantities, suggesting the emergence of social inequality.
They were the first people in the world to use ceramics, making small figurines of animals and people. They also made the world-famous Venus figurines in stone, ivory, and moulded from clay. So who were these people? Where did they come from? Where and how did they live? How could they create so much art in the depths of the ice age? And what ultimately happened to them?
This is the awe-inspiring story of the lords of the mammoth steppe; the Gravettians.
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*Sources*
Palaeolithic Europe: A Demographic and Social Prehistory by Jennifer C. French amzn.to/4dCRRf8
The People of Sunghir by Erik Trinkaus et al amzn.to/3JXhDgo
Growing Up in the Ice Age by April Nowell amzn.to/4aid9vB
Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A. et al. Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers. Nature 615, 117–126 (2023)
Bennett, E.A., Parasayan, O., Prat, S. et al. Genome sequences of 36,000- to 37,000-year-old modern humans at Buran-Kaya III in Crimea.
Baker, J., Rigaud, S., Pereira, D. et al. Evidence from personal ornaments suggest nine distinct cultural groups between 34,000 and 24,000 years ago in Europe
The Death and Burial of Sunghir 1 - E. Trinkausa and A. P. Buzhilova 2010
The origin of the Gravettian - Janusz K. Kozlowski 2014
The symbolism of breast-shaped beads from Dolní Věstonice - Martina Lázničková-Galetová 2017
Upper Paleolithic ceramic figurines - Pamela B. Vandiver 2022
A Critical Reassessment of Pavlovian Art and Society - Rebecca Farbstein 2013
Identity and fear – burials in the Upper Palaeolithic - Simona Petru 2019
Upper Paleolithic Venus Figurines and Interpretations of Prehistoric Gender Representations – Vandewettering 2015
The Gravettian burials at Grotta Paglicci – Ronchitelli et al 2015
Self-Representation in Upper Paleolithic Female Figurines - LeRoy McDermott 1996
Hunters of the Ice Age: The Biology of Upper Paleolithic People - Holt & Formicola 2008
Venus figurines history: stoneageherbalist.com/p/trying-to-make-sense-of-the-venus
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Ancient Europeans for use of artwork: twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
Dolni Věstonice digital reconstruction: behance.net/gallery/26216059/Dolni-Vestonice-I
Thank you to Don Hitchcock for his fantastic resources at donsmaps.com
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Gravettians
01:50 MagellanTV
03:00 The First Europeans
05:38 Gravettian Origins
08:50 Gravettian physiques
11:23 Gravettian mobility
14:00 Venus Figurines
18:00 Personal ornaments and culture
19:18 Dolní Věstonice
22:44 The burials at Sungir
25:05 Gravettian social inequality
26:47 The last Gravettians
Over four thousand years ago in the early bronze age, great princes emerged to rule over central Europe. They controlled copper and tin production, creating vast amounts of bronze that made them rich. These powerful rulers also facilitated the amber trade along the so-called Amber Road, transporting the precious material from the Baltic to the civilisations of the Near East. They were so rich they could afford grand burials beneath enormous barrows, their tombs laden with gold weapons and jewellery. To protect their wealth they had standing armies of axe wielding warriors and officers bearing halberds and huge daggers. And they created the incredible Nebra Sky Disc, oldest depiction of astronomical phenomena in the world. This is the story of the Únětice Culture.
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*My Links*
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*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
Papac et al, Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe (2021)
Haral Meller, Princes, Armies, Sanctuaries the Emergence of Complex Authority in the Central German Únětice Culture (2019)
Penske et al, Kinship practices at the early bronze age site of Leubingen in Central Germany (2024)
Nicklisch et al, Bioarchaeological investigations of the princely grave at Helmsdorf attesting to the violent death of an Early Bronze Age leader (2022)
André Spatzier, The enclosure complex Pömmelte–Schönebeck (2019)
Pavol Jelínek, Interpretation possibilities of the so-called collective graves in the milieu of the Únětice culture
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Ancient Europeans for use of artwork: twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
Únětice village reconstruction by Filip Ševčík: artstation.com/seva_3d
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Únětice Culture
02:32 MyHeritage
04:20 Origins of the Únětice Culture
07:45 Houses and settlements
09:00 Únětice burial traditions
10:05 DNA and Family Structure
10:58 Pömmelte “Germany’s Stonehenge”
13:04 The Princely Graves
16:52 Bronze Hoards
22:22 Trade and the Amber Road
24:52 Early Bronze Age Europe
26:39 the Nebra Sky Disc
28:09 The Únětice legacy
The Minoan Civilisation of Bronze Age Crete is world famous for the enormous building complexes we know as palaces - and for its exquisite art - expressed in lovely pottery, figurines, and in frescoes of the most exquisite beauty.
Many believe that the Minoan civilisation of Bronze Age Crete was a remarkably peaceful society. But what does the evidence tell us? Were there fortified settlements? Does Minoan artwork show weapons and warriors? And what about all those Minoan daggers, swords, spears, and axes in the archaeological record? This is the story of Weaponry and Warfare in Bronze Age Crete.
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*My Links*
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*Sources*
Oxford Handbook of Aegean Bronze Age: amzn.to/3xd4VH9
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
Early Aegean Warrior 5000–1450 BC: amzn.to/4a82dkT
Bronze Age Greek Warrior 1600-1100 BC: amzn.to/4a1hPqh
Minoans: Life in Bronze Age Crete: amzn.to/43yQoBA
Malice in Wonderland by Barry Molloy from Warfare and Society in the Ancient Eastern Mediterranean
Martial Minoans? War as Social Process, Practice and Event In Bronze Age Crete by Barry Molloy
Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans: nature.com/articles/nature23310
Ancient DNA reveals admixture history and endogamy in the prehistoric Aegean: nature.com/articles/s41559-022-01952-3
Excavations in the Hagios Charalambos Cave - Betancourt et al 2008
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Ancient Europeans for use of artwork: twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Minoan Cvilization
03:25 Neolithic Aegean Warfare
05:02 Peaceful Minoans?
07:48 Settlement fortifications
10:40 Settlement destruction
11:56 Warriors in Minoan Art
15:15 Votive weapons
16:15 Warrior burials and war wounds
18:18 Minoan Weapons
20:17 Minoan armour and shields
21:48 The Double-axe
In Bronze Age Iberia there was a powerful society that dominated the region for over six hundred years. This was a strictly hierarchical society ruled by powerful chieftains, or perhaps kings and queens, supported by a wealthy aristocracy, a labouring class, and slaves. They interred their dead with standardised grave goods that marked their age, sex, and social rank. The elite men were given copper and bronze weapons while the elite women wore gold or silver jewellery and sometimes beautiful silver diadems. They had trade links that extended across the Mediterranean to North Africa, the Aegean, and the Near East, and all the way across Europe to the Baltic. This is the amazing story of the bronze age rulers of Spain – what some have called the first state society in Western Europe - the El Argar culture.
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
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*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
The Archaeology of Bronze Age Iberia- Argaric Societies: amzn.to/3utMNbb
Political collapse and social change at the end of El Argar -Lull, Micó, Herrada and Risch
The La Bastida fortification: new light and new questions on Early Bronze Age societies in the western Mediterranean - Lull, Micó, Herrada and Risch
Bell Beaker Settlement of Europe: The Bell Beaker Phenomenon from a Domestic Perspective amzn.to/49gANc7
Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia: science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi7038
Kinship practices in the early state El Argar society from Bronze Age Iberia: nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25975-9
la-bastida.com
elargar.com
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Ancient Europeans for use of artwork: twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Argaric culture
02:12 Sponsorship
04:02 Where did they come from?
06:01 What is the El Argar culture?
11:03 El Argar burial customs
13:42 El Argar kinship practices
15:05 Women and leadership in Argaric society
18:08 Decline and fall of El Argar
Over 8,000 years ago, the first farmers of Europe moved into the fertile lands of the central Balkans. These people would develop complex societies and advanced technologies, as well as sophisticated artistic and ritual practices expressed in part through astonishing ceramic figurines. They were cattle herding crop growing farmers who lived in large settlements and they also developed the first metal working in Europe.
They may also have been warriors, waging war with stone maces and copper axes on their enemies. And they may have developed the earliest writing anywhere in the world. This is the incredible story of Europe’s first civilisation - the Vinča Culture.
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of Neolithic Europe: amzn.to/47R6Duo
Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective: amzn.to/42dzwja
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective: amzn.to/3wNDcqA
Enclosing the Neolithic World: A Vinča Culture Enclosed and Fortified Settlement in the Balkans - Dušan Borić et al
Osseous Raw Materials in the Vinča Culture - Selena Vitezović
Copper Artefacts and Their Social Role in the Vinča Culture - Radmila Balaban
Malachite finds in Vinča culture: evidence of early copper metallurgy in Serbia - Dragana Antonović
The Late Neolithic settlement mound Borđoš near Novi Bečej - Alexander Medovic
A Group Find of Neolithic Figurines of the Vinča Culture from Stubline, Serbia - Miloš Spasić
Group Portrait of the Early Agricultural Era - Ilia Palaguta
Fortifications and Enclosures in European Prehistory - William Arthur Parkinson
Warfare in Neolithic Thessaly: A Case Study - Curtis N. Runnels et al
Warfare in the European Neolithic - Jonas Christensen
Arrangement of Vinca culture figurines - Adam Crnobrnja
Group identities in the Central Balkan Late Neolithic - Adam Crnobrnja
Vinca Culture Settlement at Crkvine In Stubline: Household Organization and Urbanization In the Late Vinca Culture Period - Adam Crnobrnja & Marko A. Janković
The social organisation of the Vinča culture settlements - Rassmann et al
The Lives of Houses: Duration, Context, and History at Neolithic Uivar, Romania - Florin Draşovean et al
Are there cities and fairs in the Neolithic? - G. & C-M. Lazarovici
The End of the Vinča World - Dušan Borić
Vinca Symbols: omniglot.com/writing/vinca.htm
Old European Script: https://www.prehistory.it/ftp/winn2.htm
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Old European Culture:
oldeuropeanculture.blogspot.com
twitter.com/serbiaireland
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Vinča Culture
01:10 Sponsorship
02:31 the First Farmers
03:51 Early Vinča and Vinča-Belo Brdo
06:26 Vinča houses and settlements
08:38 Vinča burials and DNA
10:06 Vinča figurines
12:48 Vinča metallurgy
14:24 Vinča symbols - the first writing?
15:57 Vinča fortifications and warfare
18:29 Vinča warrior figurines
21:23 the Vinča legacy
But who was this evil man? Why did he hunt witches? How did he find these people and what horrors did he inflict on them with his cruel investigations? How did he get away with it for years and what finally put an end to his campaign of terror? This is the horrifying story of the loathsome con man and fanatical witch hunter, the self-styled Witchfinder General, Matthew Hopkins.
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
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*Sources*
Witchfinders: A Seventeenth-century English Tragedy by Malcolm Gaskill: amzn.to/3Rx9kwh
The Last Witches of England by John Callow: amzn.to/4apHwl4
The Witch by Ronald Hutton: amzn.to/48d0WI2
The Triumph of the Moon by Ronald Hutton: amzn.to/3RdrlhT
The Discovery of Witches by Matthew Hopkins
A Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft by John Stearne
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Thank you*
Colchester Castle Museum: colchester.cimuseums.org.uk/visit/colchester-castle
Mistley Thorn: mistleythorn.co.uk
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Who was Matthew Hopkins?
01:57 Puritan England
03:07 Witches in 16th century England
05:48 The Manningtree Witches
09:46 The Tendring Hundred witch hunt
12:45 Witch finding techniques
15:09 Victim profile of witches
16:54 Earning money as a witch finder
18:06 East of England witch hunt
18:36 Opposition to the witch hunters
21:09 The Death of Matthew Hopkins
22:31 The End of English Witch Hunts
Sir Francis Drake's attacks on Spanish ships, towns, and ports in the Caribbean, the Pacific, and on Iberia itself frustrated and terrorised Spanish governors, admirals, King Phillip II himself and even the Pope in Rome. He robbed the Spanish gold and silver from the jungles of Panama, seized laden treasure ships from the Azores to the Pacific and helped save England from the terrifying Spanish Armada.
The first captain to successfully circumnavigate the globe, he was without doubt the finest navigator, most accomplished explorer, and wealthiest pirate of his age. But who was this man really? What caused him to sail around the world and spend a lifetime seeking fame and fortune at sea? And why was he so motivated to wage an endless personal war against the entire Spanish Empire?
This is the incredible story of England’s greatest hero, Sir Francis Drake.
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*My Links*
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*Sources*
Sir Francis Drake by John Sugden: amzn.to/49qrEht
In Search of a Kingdom by Laurence Bergreen: amzn.to/49kKRBj
The World Encompassed by Francis Drake: amzn.to/3QLfatx
Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the World by Francis Pretty: amzn.to/3u11wcZ
Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560–1605 by Konstam and McBride: amzn.to/47070TP
Tudor Warships (2): Elizabeth I’s Navy by Konstam and McBride: amzn.to/40o5FDY
The Defeat Of Spanish Armada by Garrett Mattingly: amzn.to/3shLTNR
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Life of Francis Drake
02:04 Video Sponsorship
03:08 Drake's Early Voyages
13:24 The Battle of San Juan de Ulúa
18:27 Drake Steals Treasure in Panama
27:18 The Rathlin Island Massacre
28:44 The Circumnavigation Begins
39:29 The Great Pirate Raid in the Pacific
49:10 Nova Albion
51:50 Completing the Circumnavigation
56:00 The Great Raid on the Spanish West Indies
01:05:17 Drake's Attack on Cadiz
01:12:03 The Spanish Armada
01:18:57 Drake's Final Years
The warrior aristocracy of Bronze Age Europe were buried in warrior graves with his personal weaponry - like daggers, swords, and spears. But there were other objects in these graves like hair combs, bronze razors and tweezers, cloak pins, and awls for tattooing the skin, that all speak to a profound interest in clothing, personal grooming and in adorning the warrior. So what can this all tell us about this aristocracy, the beliefs and practices of these elite men, and the nature of masculinity in prehistory?
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean: amzn.to/3zJYU2B
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - Kristiansen & Larsson: amzn.to/3r0xkdU
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
Elevated Rock Art - Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/2WAffqd
Rock Art and Seascapes in Uppland Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/3mFB4jd
The Warrior's Beauty - Paul Treherne: https://www.academia.edu/29528216/The_Warriors_Beauty_The_Masculine_Body_and_Self_Identity_in_Bronze_Age_Europe
Looking Sharp - Dutch Bronze Age razors and tweezers in context Arnoldussen & Steegstra: DOI: doi.org/10.21827/5beaafc5f0505
Nordic Late Bronze Age Razors - Very Like a Whale - E. Warmenbol
Shaving the Warrior - Mikkel Nørtoft
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*Thank you*
Nordic Bronze Age canoe war band art by Hodari: twitter.com/HodariNundu
Tristan S Rapp: twitter.com/Hieraaetus
Ancient Days: twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
National Museum of Denmark: https://en.natmus.dk/
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Bronze Age Warrior Graves
01:41 Sponsorship
03:04 The Rise of the Warrior Aristocracy
05:04 Warrior Journeying
06:17 Warrior Drinking
07:13 Warrior Clothing
07:55 Warrior Grooming
08:32 Origins of Bronze Razors
09:26 Why was it so important?
11:07 Ritual Grooming as Transformation
12:04 Nordic Bronze Age razors
13:21 Shaving as a rite of passage
14:40 Warrior tattoos
15:20 the Nature of the Bronze Age Warrior
Long barrows are the earliest great monuments of the British Isles. They could be over 100m/330ft long and there are hundreds of them, dating from 3800 BC.
But what were they? But who built them? Why did they put so much effort into making them?
And what can the latest studies on ancient DNA tell us, about the family relationships of the people buried inside them and the societies that they lived in?
This is the story of the mysterious Long Barrows of Neolithic Britain.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*Sources*
The First Stones: amzn.to/3pmJikc
Earthen Long Barrows: amzn.to/3XoOa4G
People of the Long Barrows: amzn.to/3JwzjQ0
A high-resolution picture of kinship practices in an Early Neolithic tomb: nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04241-4
Radiocarbon dates from the chambered tomb at Hazleton - Saville et al (1987)
Megalithic tombs in western and northern Neolithic Europe were linked to a kindred society - Sánchez-Quinto (2019)
Rites of Passage: Mortuary Practice, Population Dynamics, and Chronology at the Carrowkeel Passage Tomb Complex - Kador et al (2018)
East Anglian early Neolithic monument burial linked to contemporary Megaliths - Scheib et al (2019)
Diversity, lifestyles and rites: new biological and archaeological evidence from British Earlier Neolithic mortuary assemblages - Wysocki & Whittle (2000)
‘In this Chambered Tumulus were Found Cleft Skulls …’: an Assessment of the
Evidence for Cranial Trauma in the British Neolithic - Wysocki & Schulting (2005)
Serious Mortality: the Date of the Fussell's Lodge Long Barrow - Wysocki & Bayliss (2007)
William Cunnington and the Long Barrows of the Wylye Valley - Eagles & Field
The Fussell's Lodge Long Barrow Excavations 1957 - Ashbee (1966)
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*Thank you*
David Macleod: instagram.com/graenwulf
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Neolithic Long Barrows
01:20 Video Sponsorship
02:43 What are long barrows?
05:07 Symbolic meanings
06:57 Houses of the dead?
11:32 Who was buried inside them?
15:14 Neolithic patriarchy
16:05 Neolithic violence
17:24 DNA analyses
21:15 The Story of the Long Barrows
The grave dates to the early Bronze Age in Britain, a time of great change that brought new people to these islands from northern Europe. With them came new technologies like metalworking in and new traditions, involving pottery vessels that archaeologists call Bell Beakers.
Most of these Bell beaker era graves contain few burial goods. But this one is different. It contained the richest array of items ever found in a grave from this period in Britain.
The astonishing number and richness of the finds also led to the British media calling him “The King of Stonehenge.”
So who was this man? Where did he come from and why was he buried here? Did he really have anything to do with the building of Stonehenge or ruling over the area? And what was happening here and in the rest of Britain at this time of immense change?
This is the story of the Amesbury Archer.
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*Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: amzn.to/3OQa5zA
The Neolithic-Bronze Age Transition in Britain A critical review of some archaeological and craniological concepts by Neil Brodie
wessexarch.co.uk/our-work/amesbury-archer
wessexarch.co.uk/our-work/boscombe-bowmen
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Artworks*
Wessex Man and Bush Barrow Chieftain by Ancient Europeans twitter.com/AncientEuropea1
Archer reconstruction by Greg Harlin
Archer reconstruction by Jane Grayne
*Thank you*
Wessex Archaeology: wessexarch.co.uk
The Salisbury Museum: salisburymuseum.org.uk
English Heritage: english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/stonehenge/things-to-do/visitor-centre
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Who was the Amesbury Archer?
02:25 The Discovery and Excavation
03:57 The Bell Beaker burial tradition
05:40 Why was the Archer's burial special?
09:25 The earliest gold in Britain
11:08 The Amesbury Archer had a disability
12:04 Where did he come from?
12:50 The Bell Beaker culture
15:53 The Bell Beaker colonisation of Britain
21:00 Who was the Archer's Companion?
22:20 Who were the Boscombe Bowmen?
23:06 The King of Stonehenge?
Bronze Age Europe saw the increasing expression of individual and group identity through clothing, hairstyles, and objects of personal ornamentation.
But it’s in the artistic tradition of the civilisations of the Aegean that we most clearly see the emergence of ideals of beauty that we well recognise even today.
So how was female beauty represented? What jewellery and clothing did they wear? How did women enhance and emphasise their beauty?
How were women represented in Minoan and Mycenaean art? And what did beauty mean to the people of Bronze Age Europe?
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*Video Sources*
The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean: amzn.to/3zJYU2B
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3ZXIGh0
Women in Mycenaean Greece - Barbara A Olsen: amzn.to/40QsDms
Reflections on the Social Status of Mycenaean Women - Helene Whittaker
Women in Mycenaean Pictorial Vase Painting - Louise Steel
“Little women”: Gender, performance, and gesture in Mycenaean female figurines - Louise Steel
Special women and extraordinary creatures - Iphiyenia Tournavitou
Women, Children, and the family in Late Aegean Bronze Age - Barbara A. Olsen
The Aesthetic Archetype of Female Beauty in the Mycenaean Age - Vassiliki Pliatsika
Reflections of Eternal Beauty - Constantinos Paschalidis
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 Ancient Beauty
01:49 Video Partnership
02:54 Interpreting Burials
04:10 Nordic Bronze Age Clothing
04:40 Unetice culture jewellery
05:14 Tumulus culture female identity
06:43 Urnfield culture burial practices
08:10 Ancient Aegean female figurines
09:37 Minoan Snake Goddess figurines
10:46 Women on the Akrotiri frescoes
12:33 Women and Aegean mirrors
15:28 Women in Mycenaean art
17:53 Mycenaean plaster face goddess
19:52 The female aesthetic ideal
20:14 The idealised female role
What did ancient Europeans eat between 10,000 BC and 3000 BC? In the Mesolithic era, the hunter gatherers of Europe were thriving in a range of environments across the Continent. From 7,000 BC Neolithic farmers spread across Europe bringing a new way of life, new languages, beliefs and social structures. Then around 3,000 BC, another great change came with the spread of cattle and horse herders from their homelands on the Pontic steppe all the way to the furthest corners of Europe, heralding the beginning of the European bronze age.
These three eras saw huge social, linguistic, and genetic changes but what exactly did prehistoric Europeans eat?
*Artwork*
Artistic reconstructions of the ancient European people are by The Beaker Lady in collaboration with The Chad Pastoralist.
For more reconstructions and information about early Indo-European culture, history, and genetics, please follow their work on Instagram:
instagram.com/thebeakerlady
instagram.com/thechadpastoralist
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*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony: amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson: amzn.to/3r0xkdU
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan: amzn.to/3wNDcqA
Plant Use in the Mesolithic: Evidence from Staosnaig, Isle of Colonsay, Scotland - Steven Mithen (1999)
Irish Cepaea nemoralis Land Snails Have a Cryptic Franco-Iberian Origin That Is Most Easily Explained by the Movements of Mesolithic Humans – Grindon & Davison (2013)
Plant Use in the Mesolithic and its Role in the Transition to Farming – Zvelebil (1994)
Hazelnut economy of early Holocene hunter gatherers: a case study from Mesolithic Duvensee, northern Germany – Holst (2010)
Experimental archaeological exploration of Mesolithic techniques for hazelnut roasting – Lage (2011)
A drowned Mesolithic shell midden complex at Hjarnø Vesterhoved, Denmark and its wider significance – Astrup et al (2021)
A late Mesolithic shell midden at Kilnatierny – Murray (2011)
Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe - Sjögre, Price, Kristiansen – (2016)
(and more)
**The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.**
*Video Chapters*
00:00 What did ancient people eat?
01:25 Video Sponsorship
02:56 The Mesolithic Diet
06:24 Mesolithic Hazelnut Processing
07:50 Mesolithic Proto-Farming
11:38 The Neolithic Diet
13:29 Neolithic Dairy Consumption
14:57 A Fish Eating Taboo?
16:49 Neolithic Feasting
18:05 What did Steppe Herders eat?
20:16 Broader Bronze Age Diets
When William Marshal died in 1219, he was the Earl of Pembroke, and the regent for the young Henry III, after defeated a great rebellion of English lords and thrown back a devastating invasion by the French.
Archbishop Stephen Langton called him “the greatest knight in the world.”
His talent as a knight, on the battlefield and as a tournament champion, won him renown and riches through hundreds of victories.
For 51 years he loyally served King Henry II, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, their sons Henry the Young King, Richard the Lionheart, King John, and their grandson Henry III.
But was he really the greatest knight who ever lived?
This is the incredible life story of William Marshal.
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Artwork of William Marshal by Mat Edwards
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The Greatest Knight - Thomas Asbrige: amzn.to/41bZP8N
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Richard the Lionheart - John Gillingham: amzn.to/3yvjXDX
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Greatest Knight
01:25 Video Sponsor
02:42 Part 1 - A Child at War
09:43 Part 2 - Tournament Champion
17:45 Part 3 - The Young King
24:45 Part 4 - Royal Service
33:16 Part 5 - The Death of the King
41:58 Part 6 - Guardian of the Realm
Right across the island, between about 1800 BC to 800 BC, they constructed around ten thousand astonishing stone structures called nuraghes. The ruins of around 7,000 of these structures can be seen today.
Evidence for the kind of society this was, is also seen in the unique bronze figurines and models that they left behind. Hundreds of these show armoured warriors bearing bows, swords and shields, along with the horned helmets they wore into battle.
This society reached its peak in the late bronze age when their influence spread beyond their home island. Sardinian material culture from this era is found as far away as Crete while at the same time Mycenaean pottery and Cypriot bronzes appear all over Sardinia.
So who were these people? Why did they build thousands of these enormous, complex structures? Were they really as warlike as their figurines suggest? And what happened to them?
This is the story of the Nuragic Civilisation.
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The Nuragic Civilisation: amzn.to/3jf4Tra
Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age: amzn.to/3V3RHmh
The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean: amzn.to/3jhuYpS
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Also please check out: sardinianwarrior.blogspot.com
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Nuragic Civilisation
01:15 Neolithic Sardinia
03:28 The Bell Beaker Invasion
05:49 The Nuraghe Towers
09:10 Nuragic Warrior Figurines
12:35 Nuragic Temples
13:20 Giant's Tombs
16:41 The End of the Nuragic Civilisation
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The Varna Necropolis, Bulgaria contains the earliest gold treasure in the world, dating to 4500 BC.
These Chalcolithic graves of Old Europe contained more than 3,000 gold artefacts weighing over six kilograms. That's more than anywhere else in the fifth millennium BC, including Mesopotamia and Egypt. Instead of the glorious civilisations of the near east, the world's first goldsmiths lived on the shores of the Black Sea.
But what was the Varna Culture? How did they accumulate so much treasure? And what happened to them?
--- If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel ---
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The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC ➜ amzn.to/3S0PuGJ
Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe - William O'Brian ➜
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A History of Metallurgy - RF Tylecote ➜ amzn.to/3s2Go1Y
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan ➜ amzn.to/3wNDcqA
On the Invention of Gold Metallurgy - Verena Leusch et al (2014)
The genomic history of southeastern Europe - Mathieson et al (2018)
Varna culture: an autonomous phenomenon or a local version of the Kodzhadermen-Gumelnitsa-Karanovo VІ cultural complex - Viktoria Petrova (2016)
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--- Video Chapters ---
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02:27 Varna Necropolis burials
07:40 Cenotaph symbolic burials
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13:22 Varna Trade Networks
14:18 Varna Chiefs
15:22 The Varna King
16:50 Varna culture DNA
18:27 the Fall of the Varna culture
During his trial he confessed to the most terrible crimes imaginable. The court heard stories of alchemy, demon summoning, heresy, and the admission that the great lord and his accomplices had abducted, abused, and murdered countless children.
But how did he spiral so completely out of control? How was he finally caught and prosecuted?
And what about those who claim that he was, in fact, an innocent man - framed by a conspiracy of powerful lords who wanted his wealth for themselves?
This is the shocking story of the famous knight, wealthy baron, and medieval serial killer Gilles de Rais.
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The Trial of Gilles De Rais by George Bataille ➜ amzn.to/3E74AY3
The Real Bluebeard by Jean Benedetti ➜ amzn.to/3rpOBMY
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http://www.gillesderaiswasinnocent.co.uk
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00:00 Gilles de Rais' Execution
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01:56 Gilles de Rais' Childhood
12:11 Gilles and Joan of Arc
21:32 Financial problems
25:50 Abductions and depravity
28:26 The Chapel of the Holy Innocents
29:50 The Mystery Play of Orleans
32:29 Alchemy and Demon Summoning
38:40 The Final Outrage
41:14 The Trial of Gilles de Rais
52:00 Was Gilles de Rais Innocent?
In 1246 an Italian friar journeyed 5,000 miles from France to Mongolia carrying a letter from the Pope to the Great Khan of the Mongols.
After the Mongol Invasion of Europe, Pope Innocent IV sent Giovanni da Pian del Carpine (often called John of Plano Carpini by English speakers) on a mission to request peace and to find out whether the terrifying horsemen of the Mongol Empire were about to return.
This Franciscan Friar would journey from Christendom across the Pontic Steppe to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde and on eastwards all the way to the Mongol Court near Karakorum where the Kurultai would elect a new ruler; Güyük Khan, son of Ögedei and grandson of Genghis Khan.
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The Mongol Empire by John Man ➜ amzn.to/3QbsTXH
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The Journey of Friar John of Pian de Carpine to the Court of Kuyuk Khan, 1245-1247 translated by William Woodville Rockhill
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Mongol Invasion of Europe
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04:41 The Journey Begins
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09:08 Batu Khan and the Golden Horde
11:50 The Kazakh Steppe
14:21 The Kurultai at Karakorum
17:48 Güyük Khan
20:44 Letter from Güyük Khan to the Pope
In Scandinavia and the Aegean during the Bronze Age there is evidence of the hairstyles people wore three and a half thousand years ago.
In Nordic Bronze Age Denmark oak coffin burials at Borum Eshøj, the Skrydstrup Woman, and the world famous Egtved Girl have preserved their hairstyles.
While in Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Greece there are remarkable frescoes in the palaces at Knossos, Akrotiri on Thera (Santorini), Mycenae, Pylos, and Thebes.
But what can these hairstyles tell us about the people of Bronze Age Europe and their societies?
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The Rise of Bronze Age Society - K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson ➜ amzn.to/3r0xkdU
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
Elevated Rock Art - Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/2WAffqd
Rock Art and Seascapes in Uppland Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/3mFB4jd
Ritual Significance in Mycenaean Hairstyles - Florence Sheng-chieh Hsu
Bronze Age Identities - Sophie Bergerbrant
The Warrior's Beauty - Paul Treherne
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 Hairstyles and culture
01:23 Men's Hairstyles in the Nordic Bronze Age
10:12 Video Sponsorship
11:20 Women's Hairstyles in the Nordic Bronze Age
15:21 Scandinavian Rock Art
16:32 Evidence from Europe
17:24 Minoan Hairstyles
18:59 Mycenaean Hairstyles
Warfare was an essential part of the Akkadian Empire, especially under its conquering founder Sargon, and his grandson the god-king Naram-Sin. Their armies were the source of their power.
But they were not the first kings of Mesopotamia to wage war on their enemies.
The city states of ancient Sumer clashed with one another for centuries before the rise of Akkad.
But what did this early warfare look like? How were the forces raised, and how were they armed and armoured? Who led them, when and how often did they fight?
This is the story of Mesopotamian warfare in ancient Sumer and Akkad.
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Ancient Mesopotamia (Audio) - Amanda H. Podany ➜ amzn.to/3AnqhkP
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Sumer and the Sumerians - Harriet Crawford ➜ amzn.to/3bFBhj3
Armies of the Ancient Near East - Stillman & Allis ➜ amzn.to/3OEOg3f
Against the Grain - James C Scott ➜ amzn.to/3P294kR
The First Armies - James Doyne Dawson ➜ amzn.to/3bLe5QC
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*Video Chapters*
00:00 Mesopotamian Warfare
01:25 Video Sponsorship
02:40 Ancient Mesopotamia
03:30 The Ubaid Period
04:30 Types of Evidence
07:23 Conflict in the Ubaid Period
09:16 Did conflict drive urbanisation in the Uruk Period?
12:11 Conflict in Uruk Expansion
15:21 Hamoukar - The First Siege?
21:54 Warfare in the Early Dynastic Period
22:48 The Stele of the Vultures
29:01 The Lagash - Umma Wars
35:16 The Standard of Ur
39:44 Lugal-zagesi the First Conqueror
42:40 Sargon of Akkad
50:26 Naram-sin
Over five thousand years ago in the Tyrolean Alps, a hunter was shot to death in a high mountain pass. His body would be covered by a glacier and preserved until its discovery in 1991.
What can this unprecedented level of preservation tell us about not only Ötzi the Tyrolean Iceman… but the Copper Age world that he came from?
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*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age - Anthony Harding and Harry Fokkens ➜ amzn.to/3lBEKkc
New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman’s origin - A. Keller et al (2011)
Land use in the eastern alps during the bronze age - A. Schmidl (2005)
Neolithic and Bronze Age Archery Equipment from Alpine Ice - Junkmanns et al (2019)
Mobility in the Mountains: Late Third and Second Millennia Alpine Societies’ Engagements with the High-Altitude Zones in the Southern French Alps - K. Walsh and F. Mocci (2011)
The Iceman’s Last Meal - Maixner et al (2018)
Prehistoric landscapes of the Dolomites - Visentin (2015)
Seventy-five mosses and liverworts found frozen with the late Neolithic Tyrolean Iceman - James Dickson (2019)
Therapeutic Tattoos and Ancient Mummies - Dario Piombino-Mascali and Lars Krutak (2020)
Metal Casting Equipment in the Bronze Age Burials in Europe - А. V. Batasova (2021)
The Iceman’s lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use - Ursula Wierer et al (2018)
The Late Neolithic settlement of Latsch, Vinschgau, northern Italy: subsistence of a settlement contemporary with the Alpine Iceman, and located in his valley of origin - Daniela Festi et al (2011)
(... and many more research papers)
(The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.)
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Ötzi the Iceman
03:26 Sponsorship
04:30 Who was Ötzi?
05:07 Ötzi's Clothing
06:16 Ötzi's Gear
07:45 How old was Ötzi?
07:55 How big was Ötzi?
09:00 Ötzi's Diet
10:18 Ötzi's Medical Conditions
11:17 Ötzi's Tattoos
11:54 Ötzi's Health
14:05 What did Ötzi look like?
16:31 Was Ötzi a metalworker?
20:22 Was Ötzi a shepherd?
22:36 Was Ötzi vegetarian?
22:55 The Neolithic diet
24:37 Was Ötzi a hunter?
26:16 Was Ötzi a warrior?
27:50 Copper Age Europe
29:31 Where did Ötzi live?
31:00 What culture did Ötzi come from?
34:24 Ötzi's DNA
35:07 Copper use in Neolithic Europe
36:06 the Oldest Wheels in the World
36:52 Ötzi's relatives
37:47 Ötzi's last hours - what actually happened?
This is the story of the origins of copper mining and its development through the Bronze Age.
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson ➜ amzn.to/3r0xkdU
Prehistoric Copper Mining in Europe - William O'Brian ➜
amzn.to/3vw0Omp
A History of Metallurgy - RF Tylecote ➜ amzn.to/3s2Go1Y
Metals Make the World Go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe - Ed. C.F.E. Pare ➜ amzn.to/3KtR9B4
Arsenical Copper in Minoan Crete - Alessandra Giumlia-Mair and Fulvia Lo Schiavo
Bronze Age Beginnings: a Scalar View from the Global Outskirts - H. Vandkilde (2019)
Bronze Age Metallurgy in the Peloponnese - Maria Kayafa (1999)
Chrysokamino in the History of Early Metallurgy - James D. Muhly (2006)
Early Bronze Age Copper Smelting on Seriphos (Cyclades, Greece) - O. Philaniotou, Y. Bassiakos, and M. Georgakopoulou (2011)
Early bronze age metal trade in the eastern Mediterranean. New compositional and lead isotope evidence from Cyprus - JM. Webb, D. Frankel, ZA Stos And N. Gale (2006)
Further Evidence for Bronze Age Production of Copper From Ores in the Lavrion Ore District, Attica, Greece - Noel H Gale (2009)
Shifting networks and mixing metals: Changing metal trade routes to Scandinavia correlate with Neolithic and Bronze Age transformations - HW Nørgaard, E. Pernicka, H Vandkilde (2021)
Ösenringbarren and the Classical Ösenring Copper M. Junk, R. Krause and E. Pernicka (2001)
(And many more)
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Relevant Videos on the Old Copper Culture of North America*
Ancient Americas: youtu.be/cpmMY_Rcbd8
Nathanael Fosaaen: youtu.be/CBN6HfzCRcU
*Music*
Muddy Banjo - Humans Win
Western Renegade - Humans Win
Deep Mind - Atlantis Music & Sound
Float - Geographer
Singularity - Michael Vignola
Bulgarian Spirit - Psystein
Tuvan Throat Singers - Psystein
Falling Sun - Atlantis Music & Sound
Electra to the Baltic Sea - Guiseppe Rizzo
Mystica - Atlantis Music & Sound
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Neolithic Copper Mines
02:31 Ancient Copper Mining on Cyprus
04:25 Lead Isotope Analysis
05:27 Copper Trade in the Amarna letters
06:09 Oxhide Ingots
06:31 Mycenaean Copper Use
07:04 Copper mining on the Cycladic islands
07:36 Early Metalworking on Crete
07:57 Early Balkan mining and metallurgy
09:44 Yamnaya culture steppe miners of the Volga
11:18 Middle and Late Bronze Age European Mining
11:47 Unetice culture miners
13:33 Nordic Bronze Age Copper Imports
15:37 Mining in Bronze Age Britain and Ireland
16:28 Bronze Age Copper Mines of Europe
The Bronze Age copper mine on the Great Orme in North Wales, is one of the most important prehistoric archaeological sites in Britain. Since excavations began here in 1987, a vast network of tunnels dating to the Bronze Age has been uncovered.
The copper from this mine helped transform bronze age Britain and Ireland – and even more distant lands.
But who were the people who dug these incredible tunnels? Why did they work so hard down here in the darkness and for so many centuries? Who were the wealthy and mighty chiefs who ruled over them?
And what did they do with the hundreds of tons of copper they excavated here?
This is the remarkable story of the largest and most important copper mine of bronze age Britain.
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Bell Beaker reconstruction by Philip Edwin: deviantart.com/philipedwin
*Video Sources*
Great Orme Mines website ➜ greatormemines.info/research
*Video Chapters*
00:00 the Largest Prehistoric Mine
00:48 Video Sponsorship
02:00 The Great Orme Copper Mine
05:14 Prehistoric Mining Tools
06:45 19th Century Discovery
07:37 Fire Setting to Weaken Rock
08:20 Lighting in Ancient Mines
09:22 Mining in Bronze Age Britain
10:21 The Great Orme Miners
11:00 The Great Chiefs of the Mine
12:33 The Mold Cape
13:17 Where did all that copper go?
Vlad Dracula was born into a time of great conflict between the Christian kingdoms of the Balkans and Central Europe and the Ottoman Turks who were determined to conquer them.
Vlad III Dracula was the son of a Voivode of Wallachia yet he had to fight all his life for his throne and his people.
Please note this is not about Bram Stoker’s Dracula or vampires of any kind – just the real history of Vlad Țepeș and his wars against the Saxons of Transylvania and the Ottomans.
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Vampire Impaler (Immortal Knight 6) ➜ amzn.to/3KYtIQL
Vampire Crusader (Immortal Knight 1) ➜ amzn.to/3wmectT
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
Dracula's Wars by James Waterson ➜ amzn.to/3tperCB
**The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.**
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Life of Vlad Dracula
01:40 Dracula's Father
07:45 Dracula's Childhood
18:47 Becoming Vlad the Impaler
29:10 Vlad's War Against the Saxons
40:25 The Ottoman Invasion of Wallachia
51:52 The Death of Vlad the Impaler
Pirates of the Bronze Age Mediterranean raided ships and settlements throughout the era but especially during the period of the Late Bronze Age Collapse.
In fact, the mysterious Sea Peoples who invaded and raided the civilizations of the Near East were themselves pirates based on the islands of the eastern Mediterranean.
These pirates also raided the tombs of more ancient peoples around the Mediterranean and took the wealth within back to their bases in the Aegean, the Adriatic and even further afield.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*Video Sources*
Of Odysseys and Oddities- Ed. by Barry Molloy ➜ amzn.to/3H5NsjQ
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Ed. by C. Horn & K. Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3o0f6aD
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - by K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson ➜ amzn.to/3r0xkdU
Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe - Robert Drews ➜ amzn.to/3tYtFiD
The Sea Peoples - NK Sanders ➜ amzn.to/3r1Sbh2
The Gurob Ship-Cart Model - Shelley Wachsmann ➜ amzn.to/3LTrSC4
Seagoing Ships & Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant - Shelley Wachsmann ➜ amzn.to/3v7EzDv
The Philistines and Aegean Migration - Assaf Yasur-Landau ➜ amzn.to/3vavFoF
Yo-ho, yo-ho, a seren’s life for me! - Hitchcock & Maeir (2014)
(The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.)
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Bronze Age Pirates
01:43 Bronze Age Trade
07:40 Video Sponsorship
08:52 The Sea Peoples as Pirates
12:50 Bronze Age Tomb Raiders
Bronze Age mercenaries emerged in Europe in the 13th century BC. These men were part of a new highly mobile warrior class, equipped with innovative weapons and armour. They came from as far afield as Scandinavia, central Europe, Italy and the Balkans and they took service across Europe but especially in Mycenaean Greece, the eastern Mediterranean and even beyond.
Their emergence heralded a new militarism in Europe which immediately preceded the devastation of the twelfth century BC.
NB: the map at 3.20 is incorrect. It is not Sund, Sotra but Sund, Inderøy, Nord-Trøndelag
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
Of Odysseys and Oddities- Ed. by Barry Molloy ➜ amzn.to/3H5NsjQ
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Ed. by C. Horn & K. Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3o0f6aD
The Rise of Bronze Age Society - by K. Kristiansen & T. B. Larsson ➜ amzn.to/3r0xkdU
Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe - Robert Drews ➜ amzn.to/3tYtFiD
The Sea Peoples - NK Sanders ➜ amzn.to/3r1Sbh2
Local and foreign males in a late Bronze Age cemetery at Neckarsulm - Wahl & Price (2013)
Society and Violence in the Early Bronze Age - Hilde Fyllingen (2010)
Mycenaean Greece and Bronze Age Italy: Cooperation, Trade Or War? - Jung & Mehofer (2013)
Origins of the Flange-Hilted Sword of Bronze in Continental Europe - JD Cowen (1966)
**The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.**
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Bronze Age Mercenaries
01:15 Warrior Societies of Bronze Age Europe
05:29 Understanding Relationships with Archaeology
07:37 The Nau II Type Sword and Warrior Culture
12:04 Mercenaries and the Bronze Age Collapse
17:13 Were these Mercenaries the Sea Peoples?
This ritual was not only carried out on the bronze age steppe. Similar rites were practiced from the Atlantic coasts of Europe all the way to the Ganges in India for thousands of years, the acts themselves and meanings behind them changing in descendant populations over the millennia.
What was its purpose? And what does it have to do with the famed warriors of Sparta and the founding of Ancient Rome?
This is the story of the Indo-European warrior initiation ceremony, the koryos, and the midwinter dog sacrifice.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*Video Sources*
Late Bronze Age midwinter dog sacrifices and warrior initiations at Krasnosamarskoe, Russia - Dorcas R. Brown and David W. Anthony
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The One-eyed God: Odin and the (Indo-) Germanic Männerbünde - Kris Kershaw ➜ amzn.to/3dRk8kW
The Myth of the Eternal Return: Cosmos and History - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/2SgJmS7
Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/3zk1xXq
Ancient Germanic Warriors - Michael P. Speidel ➜ amzn.to/3zZSqMD
(The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.)
*Video Chapters*
00:00 What is the Midwinter Dog Sacrifice?
01:16 Why did they sacrifice dogs?
07:11 What was the initiation ritual like?
12:19 Historical examples of the rites
15:24 Archaeological evidence in Russia
This was the same era as the Late Bronze Age collapse, when the mysterious Sea Peoples invaded the Near East and destroyed so many ancient civilisations, leading to the first great dark age in history.
Were the people of the Terramare culture involved in some way?
Were they also the victims of climatic changes and foreign invasions that wiped them out?
Or were they perhaps one of the perpetrators? Could they in fact be one of the Sea Peoples?
This is the mystery of the Terramare culture.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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A Patreon-exclusive post examining the argument that the Terramare people are known to history as the Pelasgians ➜ patreon.com/posts/60542410
*My Books*
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
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*Video Sources*
The Rise of Bronze Age Society by Kristiansen & Larsson ➜ amzn.to/2XhlH6v
Protecting the Body in War and Combat by Marianne Mödlinger ➜ amzn.to/3BXTtfS
Globalization, Battlefields & Economics by Helle Vandkilde ➜ amzn.to/3aHL2cI
Bronze Age Voyaging and Cosmologies in the Making - Helle Vandkilde
The Collapse of the Terramare Culture And Growth Of New Economic And Social Systems During The Late Bronze Age In Italy By Andrea Cardarelli (2009)
New Research on rhe Terramare Of Northern Italy By Mark Pearce (1998)
Terramare Sickles by Primož Pavlin (2014)
Smiths and Smithing in Bronze Age Terramare by Christiano Iaia (2013)
Remote Sensing, Archaeological, and Geophysical Data to Study the Terramare Settlements: The Case Study of Fondo Paviani (Northern Italy) R. Deiana et al (2020)
The “Tabina 1” Arrowhead -- An Early Bronze Age Weapon Found In A Northern Italian “Terramare” Village Site by Vittorio Brizzi (2011)
Bronze Age Terramare Pottery From Northern Italy – Exercises In Experimental Reproduction by Y. Brodà et al
Bronze Age Textile & Wool Economy: The Case of the Terramare Site of Montale, Italy by Serena Sabatini, Timothy Earle and Andrea Cardarelli (2018)
Terramare, Mycenaean Centers and The Role Of The Adriatic During the Late Bronze Age By Stavros Oikonomidis (2016)
Stone Moulds from Terramare (Northern Italy): Analytical Approach and Experimental Reproduction Barbieri M., Cavazzuti C. (2014)
The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project: a Lesson of Sustainability from the Terramare Culture, Middle Bronze Age of the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by Mauro Cremaschia et al (2018)
Environment, human impact and the role of trees on the Po plain during the Middle and Recent Bronze Age: Pollen evidence from the local influence of the terramare of Baggiovara and Casinalbo by Mercuri et al (2014)
(The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.)
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Mystery of the Terramare culture
01:13 What is the Terramare culture?
07:30 Late Bronze Age Trade Networks
13:21 The Terramare and the Late Bronze Age collapse
15:48 The Sea Peoples
18:40 Why did the Terramare people leave the Po Valley?
21:03 Where did the Terramare people go?
Highly patriarchal and warlike, they were also bronze workers who built huge fortified settlements like Arkaim east of the Ural mountains. They invented the chariot and bred the best horses the world had ever seen.
But where did they come from? And what happened to them?
This is the story of the Sintashta culture.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
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*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe - Robert Drews ➜ amzn.to/36in9pS
The Rig Veda (English Translation) ➜ amzn.to/3FFdcmh
Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions ➜ nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03798-4
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes ➜ nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 What is the Sintashta culture?
03:35 Origins of the Sintashta culture
07:23 Sintashta fortified settlements
11:30 What happened to the Sintashta culture?
Who were the first people to fight on horseback? Horses were domesticated on the Eurasian steppe thousands of years ago and were first used for their milk, meat, and hides.
And at some point, people began riding them. But when were they first used in warfare? Where was mounted combat first practiced and who were the first people to perfect it?
In this video we're looking at the late Neolithic Yamnaya and Corded Ware cultures, the Bronze Age Sintashta and Andronovo cultures, and the Iron Age Assyrians, Scythians, Saka, and Cimmerians.
This is the story of the first horse warriors.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*Video Sources*
Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe - Robert Drews ➜ amzn.to/36in9pS
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Scythians - Barry Cunliffe ➜ amzn.to/3wxnrp8
Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions ➜ nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03798-4
The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes ➜ nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04018-9
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 New Horse Domestication Studies
03:56 Mounted Yamnaya Raiders
05:00 Sintashta Horse Breed
06:50 Video Sponsorship
07:51 The Sintashta Culture
11:00 Sumerian Battle Wagons
12:15 Bronze Age Chariot Warfare
17:40 Iron Age Horse Riding
23:58 Assyrian Cavalry
27:09 The Rise of the Skythians
29:53 Women Warriors
The Dendra Panoply of Mycenaean Greece is famous, as is the boar's tusk helmet. But bronze armour was worn right across Europe and warriors defended themselves with circular bronze shields and bronze helmets.
This is the story of European Bronze Age armour.
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*Video Sources*
Protecting the Body in War and Combat by Marianne Mödlinger➜ amzn.to/3vT4Un1
Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe - Anthony Harding ➜ amzn.to/383sToE
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Horn & Kristiansen (Editors) ➜ amzn.to/3bah8hJ
The Rise of Bronze Age Society by Kristiansen & Larsson ➜ amzn.to/2XhlH6v
Globalization, Battlefields & Economics by Helle Vandkilde ➜ amzn.to/3aHL2cI
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
Note on sources:
If you're looking for more detail on this subject look for books, articles and research papers by; Marianne Mödlinger, Barry Molloy, Anthony Harding, Helle Vandkilde, Kristian Kristiansen, Christian Horn
You can support these researchers by purchasing their books.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Historical European Armor
00:52 Bronze Age Armor
05:12 Bronze Age Helmets
12:38 Bronze Age Greaves and Pauldrons
15:44 Bronze Age Shields
20:21 Bronze Age Cuirasses
21:34 The Dendra Panoply
23:05 Late Bronze Age Cuirass
25:25 Bronze Age Warrior's Armor
Clearly, horned helmets were widely distributed during this period of the Bronze Age.
But why? What do they mean? And are they connected in some way?
In this video we’re taking an epic voyage through the European Bronze Age in the 12th century BC from Scandinavia to the Iberian Peninsula and across the Mediterranean to the east in search of the horned helmets of traders, warriors, kings, and gods.
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
The Rise of Bronze Age Society by Kristiansen & Larsson ➜ amzn.to/2XhlH6v
Protecting the Body in War and Combat by Marianne Mödlinger ➜ amzn.to/3BXTtfS
Globalization, Battlefields & Economics by Helle Vandkilde ➜ amzn.to/3aHL2cI
Bronze Age Voyaging and Cosmologies in the Making - Helle Vandkilde
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Horned Helmets
0:54 The Veksø helmets
03:36 The Horse Twins and Twin Chiefs of the Nordic Bronze Age
04:47 Horned Chiefs in Scandinavian Rock Art
05:46 Bronze Age Rock Art of Galicia
07:31 Iberian Warrior Stelae
08:47 Bronze Figurines of the Nuragic Civilization
11:15 Sea Peoples Images at Medinet Habu
13:16 Horned Helmets of the Near East
14:26 Bronze Figurines from Enkomi
15:36 Bull Iconography of Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Greece
16:06 Horns at Dendra and the Mycenaean Warrior Vase
17:08 Central European Trade Links
18:25 The Meanings Behind Horned Helmets
21:39 Interconnectivity in the Bronze Age
Archeological discoveries in the Tollense Valley in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Northeast Germany suggest this was the site of a conflict in the 13th century BC. (Closest dates might be 1230 - 1240 BC) This was the European Middle Bronze Age.
As well as weapons and other artefacts, thousands of bones representing at least 140 individuals have been found here and most are men of fighting age. Some bones show injuries received at the point of death.
There might have been between 3000 and 7000 participants which if true is a truly enormous prehistoric battle.
So was this a great pitched battle? An ambush? A series of small skirmishes?
Despite all the evidence, piecing together exactly who these people were, how many there were, where they came from and what happened here… is not so simple.
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*Video Sources*
Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe - Anthony Harding ➜ amzn.to/383sToE
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
Die Welt der Himmelsscheibe von Nebra - Harald Meller ➜ amzn.to/3ERYbh7
An early Bronze Age causeway in the Tollense Valley - Jantzen (2014)
Bronze Age tin rings from the Tollense valley - Krüger (2012)
Low Prevalence of Lactase Persistence in Bronze Age Europe - Burger (2020)
Flint arrowhead embedded in a human humerus from the Bronze Age site in the Tollense valley - Flohr (2015)
Instrumental investigation of oxygen isotopes in human dental enamel from the Bronze Age battlefield site at Tollense - Price (2019)
Perimortem Lesions on Human Bones from the Bronze Age Battlefield in the Tollense - Brinker (2018)
A Bronze Age battlefield? Weapons and trauma in the Tollense Valley - Jantzen (2010)
Tollense Battle Ancient DNA, they had hunter gatherer roots by Genos Historia ➜ youtu.be/8Grj-Gg5iLo
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
Note:
There is DNA evidence that some of these people had high proportion of Western Hunter Gatherer DNA. I have a post about this on Patreon linked in the comments.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Prepare for Battle
02:32 The Tollense Valley Battlefield
06:26 Bronze Age Europe
08:18 Bronze Age Warrior Aristocracy
10:01 Material Evidence
13:14 Isotope Analysis
14:08 DNA Evidence
15:35 What Actually Happened?
16:48 Alternative Theories
In this video we're looking at three sites: Herxheim, Germany; El Toro Cave in Malaga, Spain; and Fontbrégoua Cave in Provence, France.
Were these prehistoric Europeans desperate people facing starvation? Were they honouring their own people in complex mortuary rites? Or were they feasting on their enemies?
And were they even practicing cannibalism at all?
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective - Edited by Rick J. Schulting and Linda Fibiger ➜ amzn.to/3tDYwNI
Cannibalism in the Linear Pottery Culture: The Human Remains from Herxheim - Bruno Boulestin ➜ amzn.to/2Xddb8F
Cannibalism: A Perfectly Natural History - Bill Schutt ➜ amzn.to/3lmm0ol
Mass cannibalism in the Linear Pottery Culture at Herxheim - Bruno Boulestin et al (2009)
The LBK enclosure at Herxheim: theatre of war or ritual centre? - Joerg Orschiedt & Miriam Noel Haidle
Aggressive or funerary cannibalism? Skull-cup and human bone manipulation in Cueva de El Toro - Jonathan Santana et al
Cannibalism in the Neolithic - Paola Villa (1989) ➜ researchgate.net/publication/6045087_Cannibalism_in_the_Neolithic
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 Starvation Cannibalism
00:58 Endocannibalism
01:42 Exocannibalism
04:10 Video Sponsorship
05:37 Journey to Herxheim
6:46 Herxheim - Mass Cannibalism?
9:23 How to Spot Cannibalism
10:44 The Herxheim Debate
14:03 El Toro Cave - Endocannibalism?
18:20 Fontbrégoua Cave - Exocannibalism?
20:28 Neolithic Mortuary Rites
The world famous ancient petroglyphs in Sweden, dating to the Nordic Bronze Age, portray a world of sword-wielding warriors and their ships. But these figures - holding aloft axes and spears and shields - are usually said to be carrying out rituals, not warfare.
Is that true? Are there any scenes of violence here amongst the thousands of weapon-bearers?
If this is about ritual then what were the rituals for?
And what can all this tell us about the lives of these seaborne Nordic warriors who lived 3500 years ago?
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*My Links*
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*Video Sources*
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe - Anthony Harding ➜ amzn.to/383sToE
Elevated Rock Art: Towards a maritime understanding of Bronze Age rock art in northern Bohuslän, Sweden - Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/2WAffqd
Rock Art and Seascapes in Uppland Johan Ling ➜ amzn.to/3mFB4jd
Researchers papers by Andreas Toreld ➜ https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasToreld
The rock art even in this one region is so complex it defies a single explanation. The truth is there is a huge amount going on, there are so many interpretations that I didn't have time to touch on.
For one thing there is the obvious tumescence of many of the warriors. This is partly what leads researchers to conclude these are fertility rites and shows these figures are not engaging in combat - unless we are to believe they did so in a state of undress and arousal. Which is possible of course. However, this could also be interpreted as a sign of masculinity. These are not boys or old men but men in the prime of their virility. It is a sign of their strength and power.
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Chapters*
00:00 Prehistoric Rock Art
03:10 Depictions of Warfare
05:30 The Nordic Bronze Age
06:18 Real Life Violence
07:58 Bronze Age War Canoes
09:45 Rituals for Maritime Warriors
12:00 Were they like Vikings?
15:37 Chiefs and Kings
In the late Neolithic and Copper Age, clans from the Yamnaya, Corded Ware, and Bell Beaker cultures raided others. They were armed with bows, copper daggers, and battle axes but the extent to which these men were "warriors" is debated.
By the time of the Late Bronze Age, warriors served chiefs and kings from Mycenaean Greece to Nordic Bronze Age Sweden and Denmark.
They guarded trade routes like the so-called Amber Road and fought pitched battles like at the Tollense Valley battlefield.
So when and where did a class of dedicated warriors emerge? What weapons did they use? And how and why did they fight?
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
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*Artwork*
Artwork by Gramanh Folcwald: twitter.com/GramanhFolcwald/media
*Video Sources*
Warriors and Weapons in Bronze Age Europe - Anthony Harding ➜ amzn.to/383sToE
Warfare in Bronze Age Society - Christian Horn & Kristian Kristiansen ➜ amzn.to/3z6ZtBN
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The First Warriors
00:36 Ötzi and Neolithic Violence
02:41 Alpine Copper Age Proto-Warriors
03:30 Corded Ware Culture
06:43 Bell Beaker Culture
11:28 The Rise of the Warrior
15:41 The Concept of the Warrior
In the 4th Millennium BC, Neolithic Europe experienced a sustained decline. By about 3000 BC Western Steppe Herders like the Yamnaya and related groups migrated west into Europe, changing the genetics and culture forever, and bringing about the Bronze Age.
The male lineages of Neolithic Europe came to an end as the steppe herders had offspring with the Neolithic farmer women. Did this only happen because the settled farmers had already been brought to their knees by waves of plague?
In this video we look at the first recorded samples of the plague - Yersinia Pestis - the same bacterium that caused the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian and Bronze Age plagues.
Did the disease first become dangerous in the vast proto-cities of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture in Eastern Europe?
*Related videos referenced in this video*
Cucuteni-Trypillia culture: youtu.be/Bk2Qbf1YQbI
Neolithic Britain: youtu.be/ZuZLxWvv5vg
Funnelbeaker culture: youtu.be/iJYvhf0VVi0
Pitted Ware culture: youtu.be/_rspqObP2yg
The First Horse Riders: youtu.be/AMHqp0M0T4Q
*If you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Books*
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
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Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Multiple tracks by Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Away - Patrick Patrikios
Thunderbird - Kevin MacLeod
*Video Sources*
Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago - Rasmussen et al (2015)
➜ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4644222
Emergence and Spread of Basal Lineages of Yersinia pestis during the Neolithic Decline - Rascovan (2019)
➜ cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31464-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867418314648%3Fshowall%3Dtrue#
Analysis of 3800-year-old Yersinia pestis genomes suggests Bronze Age origin for bubonic plague - Spyrou et al (2018)
➜ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5993720
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Black Death in History
02:02 The Plague of Justinian
02:46 Neolithic Plague
04:49 How the Plague Kills You
06:43 Plague Emerges in Cucuteni-Trypillia
11:21 Historical Cause and Effect
13:01 Did Plague Depopulate Neolithic Europe?
Richard I was a soldier all his life, fighting against rebels in the ancestral lands of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. His father Henry II never expected Richard to be King of England and Richard rebelled against him more than once.
Richard is accused of not caring about England, preferring instead to run off to the Third Crusade to face Saladin in battles to save Acre and Jerusalem and the other Crusader States. After all, his greatest achievement is arguably the Battle of Arsuf, thousands of miles away from England.
But are these accusations fair or accurate? Is Richard merely England's crusader king?
This medieval history documentary covers his whole life and separates the history from the legend that is Richard the Lionheart.
*Please consider supporting the channel*
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The Immortal Knight Chronicles Box Set 1 ➜ amzn.to/3xXsDCl
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*Video Sources*
Richard the Lionheart - John Gillingham ➜ amzn.to/3yvjXDX
Richard I - John Gillingham ➜ amzn.to/2VI3BK3
The Plantagenets - Dan Jones ➜ amzn.to/3lIxC78
On Kings - David Graeber & Marshall Sahlins ➜ amzn.to/3CAqaB2
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Chapters*
0:00 Introduction
0:53 Richard's Birth
2:22 Video Sponsorship
3:33 Richard's Youth
14:53 Heir to the Throne
24:05 King Richard
33:32 Conquering Cyprus
39:15 Siege of Acre
47:29 Battle of Arsuf
53:00 End of the Third Crusade
57:06 Imprisoned
1:01:58 Richard's Revenge
1:07:26 The Death of Richard the Lionheart
1:09:16 Richard's Legend
Who were the first farmers of the British Isles? Where did they come from and why did they migrate to these islands?
And why did they build all those incredible megalithic monuments that we see in the landscape today?
This documentary covers the history of the Neolithic in Britain from around 4000 BC to the arrival of the Bell Beaker people in about 2500 BC.
We will look at the first farmers of Europe and their migrations across the continent, as well as their interactions with the Mesolithic Western Hunter Gatherers who were already there.
And we will dispel some of the biggest popular misconceptions about these amazing people.
*If you enjoy these videos please consider supporting the channel *
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Multiple tracks by Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Away - Patrick Patrikios
The Awakening - Patrick Patrikios
Metamorphosis - Quincas Moreira
Dawn of Man - Quincas Moreira
Familiar Things - The Whole Other
Thunderbird - Kevin MacLeod
Hidden Past - Kevin MacLeod
Sunrise in Paris - Dan Henig
Medieval Astrology - Underbelly & Ty Mayer
Nocturnally - Amulets
Voices - Patrick Patrikios
The Plan's Working - Cooper Cannell
*Video Sources*
The First Farmers of Europe: An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan ➜ amzn.to/3wNDcqA
Britain BC: Life in Britain and Ireland Before the Romans - Francis Pryor ➜ amzn.to/3eyDsn5
Stonehenge - Mike Parker Pearson ➜ amzn.to/3ri4Wm4
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
The idea of the Yamnaya Bronze Age horse warrior riding down a fleeing Neolithic farmer is a powerful image but is it true?
Were the people of the Botai culture the first horsemen? Was it those of the Sredny Stog or perhaps the Khvalynsk culture? Or was it even the people of Bronze Age Mesopotamia?
Well, there is a view that the first horse warriors did not emerge until the Iron Age.
In this video we will explore both sides of the argument using the most up to date evidence available.
Watch the follow up video based on new 2021 horse domestication studies here: youtu.be/dYw8NnQ1tpk
*If you like these videos please consider supporting the channel *
Patreon: patreon.com/dandavisauthor
*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God: http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1: amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon: amzn.to/3xngwz5
*Music*
Multiple tracks by Lombus: lombus.bandcamp.com
Away - Patrick Patrikios
Broken Drum Machine - Godmode
Familiar Things - The Whole Other
Opium - Kevin MacLeod
Wolf Mother - Loopop
To Pass Time - Godmode
Voices - Patrick Patrikios
Mysterious Strange Things - Yung Logos
Blacksmith - Godmode
Maps by: https://indo-european.eu/maps/
Artwork by Gramanh Folcwald: twitter.com/GramanhFolcwald/media
*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony: amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe - Robert Drews: amzn.to/3dNqoKg
Early Riders: The Beginnings of Mounted Warfare in Asia and Europe - Robert Drews: amzn.to/36in9pS
The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia - Damgaard et al 2018
science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6396/eaar7711
Rethinking the evidence for early horse domestication at Botai - Taylor & Barrón-Ortiz 2021
nature.com/articles/s41598-021-86832-9
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
In the reign of King John, one man stood alone against the tyranny of an unwanted king. Fleeing the authorities for the protection of the deep woods, he raised a band of bowman and launched cunning ambushes on the corrupt knights and lords who travelled through the trees.
Does this sound like the Robin Hood legend to you?
In fact, this is the story of William of Cassingham, a man known as Willikin of the Weald. A forgotten English hero and a man often named as the historical Robin Hood.
But is this true?
Find out all about William’s life and his heroic exploits in the war against Prince Louis and his army of French knights and rebel English barons and discover for yourself if it's anything like the legend of Robin Hood.
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*My Links*
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Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
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*Music*
Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Patrick Patrikios
Audionautix
Loopop
Godmode
Quincas Moreira
Kevin MacLeod
*Video Sources*
L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal ➜ amzn.to/3gY9Ocq
Flores Historiarum by Roger of Wendover ➜ amzn.to/3hd0gt2
A Note on William of Cassingham by G.R. Stephens ➜ jstor.org/stable/2853613
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The folk story of the Wild Hunt is reflected in diverse festivals across the Indo-European world, in Pagan and later Christian societies such as Yule and Carneval, Saturnalia and Compitalia, and Anthesteria and Dionysia.
Elements of these folk stories and the festive cultural practices come from earlier traditions relating to the koryos and the cultic Visitation of the Ancestors at special times of the year. By the time the Host and the Hunt folk tales are recorded in history, the original meanings were changed, lost, and forgotten. But the practices themselves like the masked processionals bringing annual blessings continue even today all around the world.
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Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
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*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
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*Music*
Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Patrick Patrikios
Amulets
Godmode
Maps by https://indo-european.eu/maps/
*Video Sources*
The One-eyed God: Odin and the (Indo-) Germanic Männerbünde - Kris Kershaw ➜ amzn.to/3dRk8kW
The Myth of the Eternal Return: Cosmos and History - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/2SgJmS7
Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/3zk1xXq
On Kings - David Graeber & Marshall Sahlins ➜ amzn.to/2UiRodJ
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
The berserkers fought like madmen, in a trance-like state of fury that struck fear into the hearts of their enemies. But why did they act in this way? And why were they associated with wolves and bears?
In this video we travel back thousands of years into the history of Bronze Age Europe and find out why the youths of Indo-European cultures transformed into wolves and other animals during their rites of passage.
*Get Godborn exclusively from Audible here*
US ➜ audible.com/pd/Godborn-Audiobook/1774247860
UK ➜ audible.co.uk/pd/Godborn-Audiobook/1774247860
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Not on Audible? Sign up for your free Audible trial and pick Godborn for your free audiobook:
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*Support the channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Patrick Patrikios
Amulets
Godmode
Maps by https://indo-european.eu/maps/
*Video Sources*
The One-eyed God: Odin and the (Indo-) Germanic Männerbünde - Kris Kershaw ➜ amzn.to/3dRk8kW
The Myth of the Eternal Return: Cosmos and History - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/2SgJmS7
Rites and Symbols of Initiation: The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth - Mircea Eliade ➜ amzn.to/3zk1xXq
Germania - Tacitus ➜ amzn.to/3zbt0uB
The Histories - Tacitus ➜ amzn.to/3cxhUGi
The Prose Edda - Snorri Sturluson ➜ amzn.to/2TiQInY
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
--- Bronze Age Warfare series ---
Watch all the Bronze Age Warfare series here ➜ youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyGT3KDxwC8xD2S2Q1IqH_S_ocWwXWHv
Koryos ➜ youtu.be/LbIwi1HxmpE
Trepanation ➜ youtu.be/ic8jxFYIV6g
Indra's Cudgel ➜ youtu.be/cYEBxo6ZEy4
Thor's Hammer ➜ youtu.be/X1PduS2ocl8
First Berserkers ➜ youtu.be/zEXXA0naXkk
Army of the Dead ➜ youtu.be/oqOp81KQO4A
These weapons were used for a thousand years by peoples from the Baltic to the Atlantic. But where and when were they invented, who were the people who wielded them, and how were they used?
And are they the real Mjölnir, the weapon wielded by the Norse thunder god, Thor?
*Support the Channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
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*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook ➜ facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter ➜ twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram ➜ instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Lombus ➜ lombus.bandcamp.com
Kevin McLeod
Patrick Patrikios
Dan Bodan
Amulets
Godmode
Maps by https://indo-european.eu/maps/
*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World - JP Mallory ➜ amzn.to/3t8zqX2
A miniature in amber of a battle-axe from the Battle-Axe Culture - Lars Larsen (2017)
The Battle Axe Culture in Western Norway - Jostein Aksdal (1999)
The Use and Significance of Early Bronze Age Stone Battle-axes and Axe-hammers from Northern Britain and the Isle of Man - Amber Sofia Roy (2020)
Stone axes as tools, valuables and symbols - Jan Turek
Pottery stylistics of the Sofievka type, genetic-cultural qualification, Baltic-Pontic Studies - Sławomir Kadrow (1995)
The Germanic Thunder Weapon - Lotte Motz
The Thunderweapon in Religion and Folklore - CHR. Blinkenberg
The Scandinavian Battle-Axe: An Assessment - Amber Sofia Roy
‘(Stone)Axe’ and ‘Sky’ in I-E/Battle-axe Culture - JP Mayer (1973)
The Weaponry of the Pastoral Societies in the Context of the Weaponry of the Steppe - Forest-steppe Communities 5000BC - 2350BC - Victor I Klochko (1994)
Arya Akasha ➜ aryaakasha.com/2021/03/09/indra-herakles-trita-iolaus-vak-athena-against-hydra-vritra-a-distillation-arya-akasha-arka
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*Bronze Age Warfare series*
Watch all the Bronze Age Warfare series here ➜ youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyGT3KDxwC8xD2S2Q1IqH_S_ocWwXWHv
Koryos ➜ youtu.be/LbIwi1HxmpE
Trepanation ➜ youtu.be/ic8jxFYIV6g
Indra's Cudgel ➜ youtu.be/cYEBxo6ZEy4
Thor's Hammer ➜ youtu.be/X1PduS2ocl8
First Berserkers ➜ youtu.be/zEXXA0naXkk
Army of the Dead ➜ youtu.be/oqOp81KQO4A
When the famous Maykop Chieftain's kurgan was excavated in 1897 it was almost 11m high and more than 100m in diameter. Inside were astonishing treasures of gold, silver, arsenical bronze, and precious stones from distant lands.
This ancient king of the northern mountains was wealthy beyond belief. His tunic had 68 golden lions and 19 golden bulls applied to its surface. He wore necklaces with 60 beads of turquoise, 1,272 beads of carnelian, and 122 golden beads. Under his skull was a diadem with five golden rosettes of five petals each on a band of gold pierced at the ends.
How did this remote kingdom acquire such wealth? What did they eat, what weapons and tools did they use, and what language did they speak?
Who were the mysterious people Soviet archeologists called the Steppe Maykop (or Steppe Maikop)?
And how did the Maykop culture influence the Yamnaya culture to their north?
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Ko-fi ➜ ko-fi.com/dandavis
*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Lombus: lombus.bandcamp.com
Kevin McLeod
Patrick Patrikios
Dan Bodan
Amulets
Godmode
*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Archaeology of the Caucasus - Antonio Sagona ➜ amzn.to/2St3IqQ
In Search of the Indo-Europeans - JP Mallory ➜ amzn.to/3gX7dQp
The Oxford Introduction to the Proto-Indo-European World - JP Mallory ➜ amzn.to/3t8zqX2
The Archaeology of Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Anatolian - Kristian Kristiansen ➜ https://www.academia.edu/41587006/The_Archaeology_of_Proto_Indo_European_and_Proto_Anatolian_Locating_the_Split
Chronology of the Maikop Culture - Mariya Ivanova ➜ https://www.academia.edu/2543641/The_chronology_of_the_Maikop_culture_in_the_Northern_Caucasus_changing_perspectives
The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus - Wang et al ➜ biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/322347v1.full.pdf
Archaeology, Genetics, and Language in the Steppes: A Comment on Bomhard - David Anthony ➜ https://www.academia.edu/39985565/Archaeology_Genetics_and_Language_in_the_Steppes_A_Comment_on_Bomhard
Excavations of Soyugbulaq Kurgans of Azerbaijan - Najaf Museyibli ➜ archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-1057-1/dissemination/pdf/Phase_3_and_4_Mitigation/432_Soyuqbulaq/432_Soyuqbulaq.pdf
Diet and subsistence in Bronze Age pastoral communities from the southern Russian steppes and the North Caucasus - Corina Knipper and Sabine Reinhold ➜ journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0239861
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
We discuss the mythology of the Striker-Thunderer and talk about Yamnaya burial practices and how this image of the Yamnaya warrior inspired my work.
The Indo-European myth of the Striker / Thunderer is seen in the forms of Thor, Herakles, and Indra. He is a thunder god - the sun of the sky father - who strikes with a hammer or an axe or club / cudgel. He makes thunder, sends lightning bolts crashing to earth, and he is a wandering hero who slays the serpent and other monsters.
Elements of the Striker / Thunderer merged with the figure of the sky father in the form of Zeus while the heroic deeds and monster slaying elements found expression in his sons Herakles and Perseus. Thor has a short handled hammer while Herakles famously has his wooden club.
This deity's name amongst the ancient steppe herders may have been Perkwunos meaning 'the Striker' or 'the Lord of Oaks' because of the way lightning tends to strike oak trees. In the most cosmic version of his myth the god uses his celestial weapon to strike down the monster who is holding back the life giving waters.
***I've been astonished by the number of people enraged by the running joke, a visual gag intended to add amusement.***
*Support the Channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
PayPal ➜ paypal.me/DanDavisAuthor
Ko-fi ➜ ko-fi.com/dandavis
*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Art*
Includes works by:
Graman: twitter.com/GramanhFolcwald
Christian Sloan Hall: http://americanvendetta.co.uk
*Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics - Calvert Watkins ➜ amzn.to/3yeyXXe
Myth, Ritual, and the Warrior in Roman and Indo-European Antiquity - Roger D. Woodard ➜ amzn.to/3w9sYB3
A Bronze Age Landscape in the Russian Steppes: The Samara Valley Project Report ➜ amzn.to/3bvqp4v
An Indo-Iranian Symbol of Power in the Earliest Steppe Kurgans - P. Kuznetsov
https://www.academia.edu/3836804/An_Indo_Iranian_Symbol_of_Power_in_the_Earliest_Steppe_Kurgans
Murphy, E., & Khokhlov, A. (2016). "Biocultural Analysis of the Prehistoric Populations of the Volga Region." In D. Anthony, D. Brown, A. Khokhlov, P. Kuznetsov, & O. Mochalov (Eds.), A Bronze Age Landscape in the Russian Steppes: The Samara Valley Project. (pp. 149-216):
pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/42562597/CHAPTER_8_Murphy_and_Khokhlov_pdf.pdf
I read quite a few articles by Curwen at Arya Akasha on this subject over the last couple of years and learned a lot (I also used one of their images in the video). Here is a link to a new article which has links to more:
aryaakasha.com/2021/03/09/indra-herakles-trita-iolaus-vak-athena-against-hydra-vritra-a-distillation-arya-akasha-arka
*Bronze Age Warfare series*
Watch all the Bronze Age Warfare series here: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyGT3KDxwC8xD2S2Q1IqH_S_ocWwXWHv
Koryos: youtu.be/LbIwi1HxmpE
Trepanation: youtu.be/ic8jxFYIV6g
Indra's Cudgel: youtu.be/cYEBxo6ZEy4
Thor's Hammer: youtu.be/X1PduS2ocl8
First Berserkers: youtu.be/zEXXA0naXkk
Army of the Dead: youtu.be/oqOp81KQO4A
You might be familiar with the famous trepanation of skulls in the Americas, specifically trepanning in Mesoamerica and most famously perhaps in the Andes but trepanning is seen throughout Neolithic Europe too and continues into the Bronze Age and beyond.
A number of trepanned skulls were discovered in the megalithic tombs of the Neolithic peoples of northern Europe and were long assumed to belong to the people who built them.
New evidence shows that isn't the case and they are from a later period. So who do they belong to and what can it tell us about violence, medical practices and ancient surgery in Early Bronze Age Europe?
*Support the Channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
PayPal ➜ paypal.me/DanDavisAuthor
Ko-fi ➜ ko-fi.com/dandavis
*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Music*
Music by Lombus: lombus.bandcamp.com
*Sources*
Sticks, Stones, and Broken Bones: Neolithic Violence in a European Perspective - Edited by Rick J. Schulting and Linda Fibiger ➜ amzn.to/3tDYwNI
Earliest Animal Cranial Surgery: from Cow to Man in the Neolithic:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5908843
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
--- Bronze Age Warfare series ---
Watch all the Bronze Age Warfare series here: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUyGT3KDxwC8xD2S2Q1IqH_S_ocWwXWHv
Koryos: youtu.be/LbIwi1HxmpE
Trepanation: youtu.be/ic8jxFYIV6g
Indra's Cudgel: youtu.be/cYEBxo6ZEy4
Thor's Hammer: youtu.be/X1PduS2ocl8
First Berserkers: youtu.be/zEXXA0naXkk
Army of the Dead: youtu.be/oqOp81KQO4A
They are one the of most impressive civilisations of Neolithic Europe.
The culture extended from the Danube river basin to the Black Sea and the Dnieper. It encompassed the central Carpathian Mountains as well as the plains, steppe and forest steppe on either side of the range. Its historical core lay around the middle to upper Dniester, in modern Ukraine.
More than 3,000 cultural sites have been identified, ranging from small villages to the largest settlements in the world.
The people of the late / post-Cucuteni–Trypillia culture appear in my Bronze Age fantasy novel Godborn ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
*Support the Channel*
Patreon ➜ patreon.com/dandavisauthor
PayPal ➜ paypal.me/DanDavisAuthor
Ko-fi ➜ ko-fi.com/dandavis
*My Books*
Your FREE Bronze Age fantasy story the Wolf God ➜ http://dandavisauthor.com
Godborn: Gods of Bronze 1 ➜ amzn.to/3nm2au1
All my books on Amazon ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5
*My Links*
Website http://dandavisauthor.com
Facebook: facebook.com/dandavisauthor
Twitter: twitter.com/DanDavisWrites
Instagram: instagram.com/dandavisauthor
*Artwork*
Vsevolod Ivanov
Vikentiy Khvoyka
*Music*
Kevin MacLeod - Thunderbird
*Video Sources*
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language - David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/3aD3Rhu
The Living Goddesses - Marija Gimbutas ➜ amzn.to/3eSXhVF
In Search of the Indo-Europeans - JP Mallory ➜ amzn.to/3gX7dQp
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World - JP Mallory ➜ amzn.to/3t8zqX2
The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC - Edited by David Anthony ➜ amzn.to/336SPgy
The First Farmers of Europe An Evolutionary Perspective - Stephen Shennan ➜ amzn.to/2Ssqcbw
Gene-flow from steppe individuals into Cucuteni-Trypillia associated populations:
nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61190-0
Houses in the Archaeology of the Tripillia–Cucuteni Groups:
core.ac.uk/download/pdf/322373084.pdf
The above links include affiliate links which means we will earn a small commission from your purchases at no additional cost to you which is a way to support the channel.
*People of the Bronze Age series*
People of the Bronze Age Playlist: youtube.com/watch?v=GalZLoTeU74&list=PLUyGT3KDxwC8u4jG_tOjN-8-bsHxucUxn
Yamnaya ➜ youtu.be/GalZLoTeU74
Corded Ware ➜ youtu.be/ecmeQT7R7rk
Funnelbeaker ➜ youtu.be/iJYvhf0VVi0
Pitted Ware ➜ youtu.be/_rspqObP2yg
Cucuteni-Trypilla ➜ youtu.be/Bk2Qbf1YQbI
Maykop ➜ youtu.be/eyc9jxTPZ_U
*Video Chapters*
00:00 The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
02:30 Foundation and Growth of the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
06:33 Cucuteni–Trypillia pottery
09:27 Neolithic Female Figurines
12:03 Expansion throughout Ukraine to the Black Sea
13:48 Decline and Fall of the Cucuteni-Trypillia Culture
17:00 Europe's First Cities - Super Towns and Proto-Cities