Uploaded March 2018 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
A fragment of an Euclidean plane is embedded in a three-dimensional spherical space. The hexagon is flat, but it appears curved -- this is because our space is curved positively.
This is a VR video. The first time we saw a 3D video, we did now know what is fun about that, so an explanation: watch it on a smartphone -- then you can look in any direction by pointing your smartphone there. You can also use a VR device (e.g., a cheap Google Cardboard or similar) to see this in 3D.
When you see something (e.g., the Princess), try to look the opposite direction -- unless it is covered by something else, you will see exactly the same thing there. This is a property of spherical spaces -- all the rays starting from your eyes eventually hit the back of your head.
This uses a spherical version of the ODS projection. The ODS projection is a reasonable method of creating a VR video at the cost of only minor artifacts.
See the previous (non-3D) version for a longer explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Qcz... Thanks to Christopher King for the idea of making a VR version!
See the older Volcanic Wasteland version: youtu.be/jXBAwuGhPC8 The new version improves the quality of embedding (in the older version, the model crosses itself).
A fragment of an Euclidean plane is embedded in a three-dimensional spherical space. The hexagon is flat, but it appears curved -- this is because our space is curved positively.
This is a VR video. The first time we saw a 3D video, we did now know what is fun about that, so an explanation: watch it on a smartphone -- then you can look in any direction by pointing your smartphone there. You can also use a VR device (e.g., a cheap Google Cardboard or similar) to see this in 3D.
When you see something (e.g., the Princess), try to look the opposite direction -- unless it is covered by something else, you will see exactly the same thing there. This is a property of spherical spaces -- all the rays starting from your eyes eventually hit the back of your head.
This uses a spherical version of the ODS projection. The ODS projection is a reasonable method of creating a VR video at the cost of only minor artifacts.
See the previous (non-3D) version for a longer explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Qcz... Thanks to Christopher King for the idea of making a VR version!
See the older Volcanic Wasteland version: youtu.be/jXBAwuGhPC8 The new version improves the quality of embedding (in the older version, the model crosses itself).







![Trapped in a 3-sphere, crocheting Euclidean planes!
In the hyperbolic plane there is more area than in the Euclidean one in fact, the area of a circle of radius r is exponential in r. However, if you fold a small fragment of the hyperbolic plane, you can fit it in three-dimensional Euclidean space this can be done in the real world (see hyperbolic crocheting or beads [1]) or simulated [2].
This was negatively curved surface embedded in a flat space but what about embedding a flat surface into a positively curved space? Again, there is not enough space to do this without folding, In this video, we try to fit a fragment of a Euclidean plane into a three-dimensional sphere, S³ (imagine a two-dimensional sphere, e.g., the surface of Earth but add one extra dimension, and imagine light rays sticking to the surface).
It might appear that something strange is happening things that seem to be close are obscured by ones that seem to be distant... this is a weirdness of S³ we are in. All the rays coming out of your eyes will meet again at the antipodal point, causing things close to that antipodal point appear just as if they were next to you. Furthermore, all these rays will hit the back of your head (head not shown); this means that things you have walked past will appear in front of you again. These effects are visible in the video.
Want to explore S³ yourself (as in this video)? This will be possible in HyperRogue 10.3.
HyperRogue: http://roguetemple.com/z/hyper/
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mqnd5aGWpw
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GegO9ysaaio
See also: https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2018/bridges2018-551.pdf Trapped in a 3-sphere, crocheting Euclidean planes!](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/L0QczgEH3IU/mqdefault.jpg)


