Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Enjoy these Heritage Minutes brought to you by Historica Canada! While free to view and share, these productions remain under copyright. Re-uploads or modified versions are strictly prohibited without written prior permission. For all re-shares, please tag us (@HistoricaCanada).
The making of Treaty 9 from the perspective of historical witness George Spence, an 18-year-old Cree hunter from Albany, James Bay. The 83rd Heritage Minute in Historica Canada's collection.
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Version française : youtu.be/_QnyFDgJ4F0
Treaty 9 (also known as the James Bay Treaty) is one of the 11 post-Confederation Numbered Treaties negotiated with Indigenous peoples in Canada between 1871 and 1921. Signed in 1905-6, Treaty 9 covers most of present-day Ontario north of the height of land dividing the Great Lakes watershed from the Hudson and James Bay drainage basins. The provisions of Treaty 9 have had long-lasting impacts on the Indigenous peoples in that area.
*Learn more on _The Canadian Encyclopedia_* :
Treaty 9:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-9
Numbered Treaties:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/numbered-treaties
Duncan Campbell Scott:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/duncan-campbell-scott
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*More educational content at* :
historicacanada.ca
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
*Credits* :
George Spence: Andrew Martin
Duncan Campbell Scott: David Tompa
Rosary Spence as herself
DOP: James Klopko
Composer: Jordan O’Connor
Production Designer: David Hannan
Editor: Jordan O’Connor
Director: Shane Belcourt
Written by Joseph Boyden (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-boyden)
Producer: Jeremy Edwardes
Produced by Corkscrew Media
Enjoy these Heritage Minutes brought to you by Historica Canada! While free to view and share, these productions remain under copyright. Re-uploads or modified versions are strictly prohibited without written prior permission. For all re-shares, please tag us (@HistoricaCanada).
The making of Treaty 9 from the perspective of historical witness George Spence, an 18-year-old Cree hunter from Albany, James Bay. The 83rd Heritage Minute in Historica Canada's collection.
*Join our mailing list* : historicacanada.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b239f6d4c109489e40480d52&id=307fa49399
SUBSCRIBE to learn more about Canada: histori.ca/youtube
Version française : youtu.be/_QnyFDgJ4F0
Treaty 9 (also known as the James Bay Treaty) is one of the 11 post-Confederation Numbered Treaties negotiated with Indigenous peoples in Canada between 1871 and 1921. Signed in 1905-6, Treaty 9 covers most of present-day Ontario north of the height of land dividing the Great Lakes watershed from the Hudson and James Bay drainage basins. The provisions of Treaty 9 have had long-lasting impacts on the Indigenous peoples in that area.
*Learn more on _The Canadian Encyclopedia_* :
Treaty 9:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-9
Numbered Treaties:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/numbered-treaties
Duncan Campbell Scott:
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/duncan-campbell-scott
*FOLLOW US!*
Instagram: instagram.com/historicacanada
Twitter: twitter.com/HistoricaCanada
TikTok: tiktok.com/@historicacanada
Facebook: facebook.com/Historica.Canada
Pinterest: pinterest.ca/historicac/_saved
*More educational content at* :
historicacanada.ca
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
*Credits* :
George Spence: Andrew Martin
Duncan Campbell Scott: David Tompa
Rosary Spence as herself
DOP: James Klopko
Composer: Jordan O’Connor
Production Designer: David Hannan
Editor: Jordan O’Connor
Director: Shane Belcourt
Written by Joseph Boyden (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-boyden)
Producer: Jeremy Edwardes
Produced by Corkscrew Media
