Uploaded January 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
From "58-in-Mind: Multilingual Teaching Strategies for Diverse Deaf Students."
Edited by Debbie Golos, Marlon Kuntze, Kimberly Wolbers, and Chris Kurz.
Find out more at https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/58-in-Mind
Published by Gallaudet University Press.
***This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the signer and the chapter authors.***
Signed by chapter co-author Leala Holcomb.
Leala has short blonde hair, is wearing a grey shirt, and is standing against a blue background.
Transcript:
Hello. There are four authors of this chapter, including myself. My name is Leala Holcomb, and I work at the University of Tennessee. The second author is Debbie Golos, who works at the University of Minnesota. The third author is Courtney Hipskind. She is an early childhood teacher. The fourth author is April (Brunsvik) Rivera. She is also an early childhood teacher.
People used to think children's development was not important and that their play was not related to learning. Now we know that children's development is critical for brain development, and that impacts language, literacy, cognition, social-emotions, mental health, identity, and more!
We have three recommendations for teachers in their interactions with deaf children. First, pay attention to the environment in your classroom by adding more language. Second, engage children in various language activities. Third, cultivate a sense of positive identity and wellbeing.
Now, I will discuss the first recommendation related to the environment. Everything in the environment, such as the walls or different spaces, should include ASL, English, and children's home languages. There should be areas where children can go to read, write, view signed videos, and produce signed videos.
The second recommendation is about engaging children in a variety of activities. Teachers can invite children to experiences of storytelling, language play, songs, and poetry. Teachers can show signed videos and read books and have in-depth discussions with children about the content. Children can role-play and create their own stories. There are abundant fun activities involving reading, writing, and signing.
The third recommendation pertains to fostering a positive sense of identity and wellbeing. Essentially, children need to see language and cultural role models in which diverse identities are portrayed. This can happen through bringing diverse people into the classroom and exposing children to diverse books and videos. Teachers can involve students in conversations about identities such as race, gender, disability, language, and different kinds of families. Children can be called to discuss what is fair and not fair or what is nice and not nice through the use of persona dolls acting out different scenarios.
Children also need to be supported in understanding their emotions so they can communicate their needs and feelings and successfully resolve conflicts. They may have sensory needs that require regulating through calming and grounding tools.
Most importantly, connections need to be made with children's families. Families are integral in deaf children's lives and learning. Indeed, teachers play a key role in the lives of deaf children and their families. Since families may be new to raising a deaf child, teachers can be a positive influence on the whole family's experience, which may set the stage for the rest of their lives.
From "58-in-Mind: Multilingual Teaching Strategies for Diverse Deaf Students."
Edited by Debbie Golos, Marlon Kuntze, Kimberly Wolbers, and Chris Kurz.
Find out more at https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/58-in-Mind
Published by Gallaudet University Press.
***This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the signer and the chapter authors.***
Signed by chapter co-author Leala Holcomb.
Leala has short blonde hair, is wearing a grey shirt, and is standing against a blue background.
Transcript:
Hello. There are four authors of this chapter, including myself. My name is Leala Holcomb, and I work at the University of Tennessee. The second author is Debbie Golos, who works at the University of Minnesota. The third author is Courtney Hipskind. She is an early childhood teacher. The fourth author is April (Brunsvik) Rivera. She is also an early childhood teacher.
People used to think children's development was not important and that their play was not related to learning. Now we know that children's development is critical for brain development, and that impacts language, literacy, cognition, social-emotions, mental health, identity, and more!
We have three recommendations for teachers in their interactions with deaf children. First, pay attention to the environment in your classroom by adding more language. Second, engage children in various language activities. Third, cultivate a sense of positive identity and wellbeing.
Now, I will discuss the first recommendation related to the environment. Everything in the environment, such as the walls or different spaces, should include ASL, English, and children's home languages. There should be areas where children can go to read, write, view signed videos, and produce signed videos.
The second recommendation is about engaging children in a variety of activities. Teachers can invite children to experiences of storytelling, language play, songs, and poetry. Teachers can show signed videos and read books and have in-depth discussions with children about the content. Children can role-play and create their own stories. There are abundant fun activities involving reading, writing, and signing.
The third recommendation pertains to fostering a positive sense of identity and wellbeing. Essentially, children need to see language and cultural role models in which diverse identities are portrayed. This can happen through bringing diverse people into the classroom and exposing children to diverse books and videos. Teachers can involve students in conversations about identities such as race, gender, disability, language, and different kinds of families. Children can be called to discuss what is fair and not fair or what is nice and not nice through the use of persona dolls acting out different scenarios.
Children also need to be supported in understanding their emotions so they can communicate their needs and feelings and successfully resolve conflicts. They may have sensory needs that require regulating through calming and grounding tools.
Most importantly, connections need to be made with children's families. Families are integral in deaf children's lives and learning. Indeed, teachers play a key role in the lives of deaf children and their families. Since families may be new to raising a deaf child, teachers can be a positive influence on the whole family's experience, which may set the stage for the rest of their lives.


![Ch 1. Demographics and Etiology in Deafness
Goff Paris, D., Kessler, E. B., & Martin, G. A. (2021). Demographics and etiology in deafness: Sociocultural elements of relevance to the criminal justice system. In D. Guthmann, G. I. Lomas, D. Goff Paris, & G. A. Martin (Eds.), DEAF PEOPLE IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (pp. 1-21). Gallaudet University Press. https://gupress.gallaudet.edu/Books/D/Deaf-People-in-the-Criminal-Justice-System
This video may not be repurposed or incorporated into other works in any way without the express written consent of the signer and the chapter author.
Dr. Damara Goff Paris is one of the editors of this publication and co-authored this chapter with Dr. E. Basil Kessler, and Dr. Gabriel A. “Tony” Martin. Dr. Paris is currently an Associate Professor in Counselor Education for Emporia State University, is the president of ADARA, and holds licensure in professional counseling and rehabilitation counseling. She has worked with victims of crime, and individuals with co-occurring disorders who have gone through the criminal justice system.
Dr. E. Basil Kessler is an Assistant Professor in counselor education at Emporia State University. He holds licensure as a professional counselor and is a Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC). He began his professional life as a case manager working with members of the Deaf community and as a certified interpreter. He served for 10 years on the Kansas Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing serving in three capacities: interpreter representative, mental health representative and Ex-Officio for the Kansas Department of Education.
Dr. Gabriel A. Tony Martin was a Department Chair for over 20 years at Lamar Universitys Deaf Education and Deaf Studies program. He also served as an interpreter for the SE Texas DHH community and a consultant on court cases involving deaf individuals. Dr. Martin unexpectedly passed away during the writing of this chapter. We honor his work by keeping his name as a co-author.
In Chapter 1, Demographics and Etiology, Dr. Paris, Dr. Kessler, and Dr. Martin take the reader through an understanding of the deaf community that moves from the medical model to the cultural model. They note that the etiology of a hearing loss (which includes information about the types and causes of hearing loss) is not as important as the often-overlooked dimensions of the socio-linguistic and cultural elements of being deaf. They remind the reader that there are many dimensions in multiple minority membership.
The authors trace a history of public policy that was intended to help federal agencies better understand how those medical conditions that caused hearing loss impacted individuals and society medically, socially, and economically. As much as Paris, Kessler, and Martin understand the obligation the government has to address medical conditions that affect the populous, they also illustrate that much more and different information must be obtained and analyzed in order to understand the multiple realities that exist among deaf people. For example, a child who is born deaf and who has deaf parents often has a completely different upbringing, linguistically, culturally, and educationally, than a deaf child whose parents are hearing. Military personnel who experience combat-related traumatic brain injuries with secondary hearing loss have communication needs that differ, significantly, from those who have Ménières disease.
The authors share that inmates with one disability make up 32% of the federal prison population and 40% of the jail population. Youth with disabilities are disproportionately represented in correctional facilities and 6.5% of inmates in federal prisons and jails are deaf or have a severe hearing loss. The reader is provided with two cases involving deaf adults denied access to sign language interpreters and whose police interactions and legal cases were exacerbated by lack of communication access.
[Please see the comments for the remainder of the transcript.] Ch 1. Demographics and Etiology in Deafness](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/VEBEILNr_OY/mqdefault.jpg)







