Uploaded March 2021 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
Thinking Slides: docs.google.com/presentation/d/19uNUQVt2dzhqQWINJF12I_1RkDKVy8-QbzRUHG2OdN4/template/preview
The Wonder of Science: thewonderofscience.com/mlccc2
Thinking in Patterns - Level 7 - Causal Patterns at Varying Scale
In this video Paul Andersen shows conceptual thinking in a mini-lesson on causal patterns at varying scale. Two examples are included in the video and two additional examples are included in the linked thinking slides.
TERMS
Patterns - regularity in the world
Scale - the relative size or extent of something
System - a set of components (e.g. things) working together.
Causality - cause and effect relationships
This progression is based on the Crosscutting Concept elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education. "Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena."
Source: nextgenscience.org
Thinking Slides: docs.google.com/presentation/d/19uNUQVt2dzhqQWINJF12I_1RkDKVy8-QbzRUHG2OdN4/template/preview
The Wonder of Science: thewonderofscience.com/mlccc2
Thinking in Patterns - Level 7 - Causal Patterns at Varying Scale
In this video Paul Andersen shows conceptual thinking in a mini-lesson on causal patterns at varying scale. Two examples are included in the video and two additional examples are included in the linked thinking slides.
TERMS
Patterns - regularity in the world
Scale - the relative size or extent of something
System - a set of components (e.g. things) working together.
Causality - cause and effect relationships
This progression is based on the Crosscutting Concept elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education. "Different patterns may be observed at each of the scales at which a system is studied and can provide evidence for causality in explanations of phenomena."
Source: nextgenscience.org



![Students t-test
Excel file: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/561402/TTEST.xls
In this video Paul Andersen explains how to run the students t-test on a set of data. He starts by explaining conceptually how a t-value can be used to determine the statistical difference between two samples. He then shows you how to use a t-test to test the null hypothesis. He finally gives you a separate data set that can be used to practice running the test.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
1.3.6.7.2. Critical Values of the Student’s-t Distribution. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3672.htm
File:Hordeum-barley.jpg - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2016, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hordeum-barley.jpg
Keinänen, S. (2005). English: Guinness for strenght. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guinness.jpg
Kirton, L. (2007). English: Footpath through barley field. A well defined and well used footpath through the fields at Nuthall. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Footpath_through_barley_field geograph.org.uk 451384.jpg
pl.wikipedia, U. W. on. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: William Sealy Gosset, known as “Student”, British statistician. Picture taken in 1908. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Sealy_Gosset.jpg
The T-Test. (n.d.). Retrieved April 12, 2016, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/stat_t.php Students t-test](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/pTmLQvMM-1M/mqdefault.jpg)






![Fishing
020 - Fishing
In this video Paul Andersen explains how various techniques have been used for years to collect seafood. Commercial fishing has led to overfishing in certain areas and species due to the tragedy of the commons. An explanation of aquaculture and sustainable fish yield is also included.
Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos:
http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Bjørkan, T. (2010). English: Fish cages in Velfjorden, Brønnøy, Norway. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fish_cages.jpg
Con-struct. (2013a). English: Global total wild fish capture and aquaculture production in million tonnes, as reported by the FAO. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_total_fish_harvest.svg
Con-struct. (2013b). English: Global total wild fish capture and aquaculture production in million tonnes, as reported by the FAO. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_total_fish_harvest.svg
CZ, P. R. from P. (2006). Traditional fish traps, Hà Tây, Vietnam. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C4%90%C3%B3.jpg
Epipelagic. (2012a). English: Global wild fish capture in million tonnes, 1950–2010, as reported by the FAO. Based on data sourced from the FishStat database. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Global_wild_fish_capture.png
Epipelagic. (2012b). English: Time series for the collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod stock. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Time_series_for_collapse_of_Atlantic_northwest_cod.png
Fg2. (2005). English: Ama (pearl diver) in Japan. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ama2.jpg
File:Seineak.JPG. (2012, March 21). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Seineak.JPG&oldid=483253210
Gagnon, B. (2006). Français : Pêcheurs sur échasses près de Unawatuna, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg
Hammond, K. (Unknown date). Aquaculture - workers harvest catfish from the Delta Pride Catfish farms in Mississippi. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delta_Pride_Catfish_farm_harvest.jpg
Health, N. I. for O. S. and. (2013). English: Boat fishing for crabs in the Bering Sea. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crab_fishing_boat.png
Inaglory, B. ([object HTMLTableCellElement]). English: Spear fisherman in Hawaii. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spear_fisherman_in_Hawaii.jpg
India, C. E. V. from C. (2007). English: A fisherman in Kerala, India. A fisherman casting a net in Kerala, India. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kerala_fisherman.jpg
jjron. (2009). English: Fishermen jigging for squid with jiggerpoles off the historic Queenscliff Pier in the early evening. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jigging_off_Queenscliff_Pier,_Vic,_jjron_5.12.2009.jpg
Lamiot. (2010). English: Collapse of Atlantic cod stocks off the East Coast of Newfoundland in 1992. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surexploitation_morue_surp%C3%AAcheEn.jpg
Pararas-Carayannis, D. G. (2000). English: Aquaculture’s effect on the environment. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Risks_aquaculture_550.jpg
Rojas, C. O. (1997). English: About 400 tons (360 t) of Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) are caught by a Chilean purse seiner off of Peru. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chilean_purse_seine.jpg
Sitting man fishing - Free People icons. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2015, from www.flaticon.com/free-icon/sitting-man-fishing 10588
(n.d.). Retrieved from https://openclipart.org/detail/194769/fisherman-fishing-sitting-by-a-lake Fishing](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rkpnS8xllbs/mqdefault.jpg)