Xidnaf
This song is by Cloud Nova, who decided to take it down along with most of the rest of their music. I got permission from them to post it here.
updated 8 years ago
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=__JGjag8dRU
Patreon: patreon.com/Xidnaf
Some social media I use that has nothing to do with linguistics:
xidnaf.tumblr.com
twitter.com/xid_of_youtube
Become a Patron: patreon.com/Xidnaf
Discuss this video on reddit: reddit.com/r/Xidnaf/comments/6ol58k/how_nazis_stole_the_word_aryan
Resources:
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Website I used for research: http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ww2era.htm
Pictures I used:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica#/media/File:Basilica_di_San_Pietro_(notte).jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_B_285_Bild-04413,_KZ_Auschwitz,_Einfahrt.jpg
My personal social media (none of which have anything to do with linguistics):
Tumblr: xidnaf.tumblr.com
Twitter: twitter.com/xid_of_youtube
Discuss this video on reddit: reddit.com/r/Xidnaf/comments/6d3ir9/are_languages_getting_simpler
Patreon: patreon.com/Xidnaf
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=leOdGbhhRls
Social Media:
These are rarely linguistics related, but in case anyone was curious:
This is my twitter: twitter.com/xid_of_youtube
This is my tumblr: xidnaf.tumblr.com
This is NOT my twitter: twitter.com/Xidnaf
This is NOT my instagram: instagram.com/xidnaf
SOME SMALL CORRECTIONS:
1. Calling "Caesar" a "last name" is more questionable than I thought. It was a name that people inherited from their parents, but Roman naming was weird and not exactly analogous to the modern system.
2. I implied that modern Russia was significantly more ethnically diverse than the HRE. I'm not so sure about that anymore. Measuring diversity is hard though, especially for thousand-year-old countries.
I missed a couple of Patrons in the credits:
PokemonTom09/Ruminations (pretend this one's bold)
E3qualsz None (pretend this one's bold)
RTT12
To become a Patron:
patreon.com/Xidnaf
Intro-song:
"Flight of the Breezies" by Kadenza
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
NOTE 1: Sometimes people will talk about "secondary stress" or "secondary accent" or something like that. This is a thing, but what I'm talking about here is "primary accent," which is the most stressed syllable in the word. I know it might sound redundant to say that there's only ever one syllable with primary accent, but let me put it this way: there are never two syllables in a word that are tied for being most stressed. This way of thinking about stress/accent is different from the way I learned about it at first, and I think what's going on is that the way linguists talk about it is different from the way it's treated in English poetry, which is what people are taught in English classes.
My Patreon: patreon.com/Xidnaf
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=IqiSIGJJehw
Discuss this video on reddit:
reddit.com/r/Xidnaf/comments/5u0exa/nerd
If you want to learn more, there were three main places I got information for this:
- http://eldacur.com/~brons/NerdCorner/nerd.html
- American nerd: the story of my people by Benjamin Nugent
- Nerd Ecology by Anthony Lioi
The XKCD comic I used:
xkcd.com/747
The image from DesignTAXI I used:
http://designtaxi.com/news/351294/What-s-The-Difference-Between-Geeks-And-Nerds
intro song:
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Patreon: patreon.com/Xidnaf
Update about my life: youtube.com/watch?v=niHN3JfLaXM
I have yet to make that video about why animals can't talk. That or I did but forgot to update this bit in the description.
Nativlang's video on reconstructions of Proto-World: youtube.com/watch?v=YS-QNKYYSTw
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=GckzLCaPEzk
CGPGrey's video on Hong Kong and Macau:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piEayQ0T-qA
TestTube News' video on China and Taiwan:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X6ejraWoqE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1X6ejraWoqE
Intro-song:
"Flight of the Breezies" by Kadenza
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Special thanks to this Chinese-characters-to-Pinyin converter I used a lot when I made this video:
http://www.purpleculture.net/chinese-pinyin-converter
(blame them if any of the pinyin is wrong!!!)
See me help with Artifexian's conlang here: youtube.com/watch?v=3378FlHK4v0
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=aYROATT0Mk4
Website for In the Land of Invented Languages, without which this video would have been much, much harder: http://inthelandofinventedlanguages.com
Fan made Xidnaf subreddit some one made: reddit.com/r/Xidnaf
Fan-made intro thingy: youtube.com/watch?v=tIy_w9D_R-k
Links to things I didn't make that are in this video:
Intro song: "Flight of the Breezies" by Kadenza
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: "Mach Speed" by FlightRush
youtube.com/watch?v=5BW63OOPu7Q
Map of race in Chicago by Bill Rankin
http://www.radicalcartography.net/index.html?chicagodots
A cool video he made about it:
youtube.com/watch?v=8pRcdMVkA3k
Map of dialects of North American English:
http://aschmann.net/AmEng
Photo of Los Angeles by Nserrano:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles#/media/File:LA_Skyline_Mountains2.jpg
Photo of New York by Anthony Quintano:
flickr.com/photos/quintanomedia/14825199293
Photo of Chicago by J. Crocker:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010-02-19_16500x2000_chicago_skyline_panorama.jpg
Photo of a swamp in Mississippi by Gary Bridgman:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi#/media/File:Wolf-River-swamp-North-Mississippi.jpg
Anonymous painting of slaves on a South-Carolina plantation:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States#/media/File:Slave_dance_to_banjo,_1780s.jpg
Picture of a slave ship:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_South_(clipper)#/media/File:HMS_Brisk_and_Emanuela.jpg
Screen shots of websites used were from here:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bidialectalism
My video where I talk about my life and stuff:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W67yh3b3kQ
Intro song:
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song:
youtube.com/watch?v=SHiaTWcJYck
Better explanation of the wa/ga distinction:
http://nihonshock.com/2010/02/particles-the-difference-between-wa-and-ga
Intro Song:
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Pictures I used in this video that I didn't make:
xkcd.com/55
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Rome#mediaviewer/File:Roma_dall%27aereo.JPG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_skipping#mediaviewer/File:Stone_skimming_-Patagonia-9Mar2010.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Colosseum_in_Rome%2C_Italy_-_April_2007.jpg
Click here for the video of Scots:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cENbkHS3mnY
Things from this video I didn't make:
Picture:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#mediaviewer/File:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg
Intro Song:
youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Fakoutro Song:
youtube.com/watch?v=Is4EOvK32vU
Outro Song:
youtube.com/watch?v=oCDbm5VWDwg
Music: youtube.com/watch?v=dDgk2YMzGpY
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
What even is a language:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP-PV9ryXM4
The paper (book? pdf thingy) I mention in the video:
http://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/docs/anlm/05265040.pdf
Stuff in this video I didn't make:
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=3Be7fy1dx14
Pictures:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit#mediaviewer/File:Qamutik_1_1999-04-01.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiing#mediaviewer/File:Skier-carving-a-turn.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages#mediaviewer/File:Eskimo-Aleut_langs.png
Places I got information:
The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics
https://www.princeton.edu/~browning/snow.html
A Grammatical Sketch of Siberian Yupik Eskimo by Steven Jacobson, which can be found here: http://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/docs/anlm/05265040.pdf
I know you guys voted for Wednesday, but I'm giving this one to you a day early because I'm about to spend like 24 hours on a train.
Pictures in this video I didn't make myself:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/24662369@N07/4545192059
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anglo.Saxon.migration.5th.cen.jpg
Next video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vu3eDf4p0r0
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=559hgfsA60Q
Check out the song in my new intro here: youtube.com/watch?v=AWXvSBHB210
And to all those asking what I'm studying: Linguistics, of course! :D Also, computer science. Hopefully I might be double majoring? Or something, they have this combined major program thingamajig . . . I don't know :P
Background Song: youtube.com/watch?v=ro_O1BOrMYM
Man, the audio in this video isn't very good. It keeps shifting around as I get closer and further away from my laptop. I should probably get a real microphone.
Also, see that equation at 7:37?
t = the amount of time you spend trying to learn linguistics without learning IPA
k(t) = total knowledge acquired as a function of t
It's been a while since I've studied calculus, so I'm not sure if that makes any sense.
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=7rqwRVdqB6c
Next video can be found here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00pHrQo-0R4
Corrections:
- "Moldovan" isn't a Slavic language. It's arguably not even a language at all.
- Mizrahi Jews are just from the parts of the middle east that are in Asia, east if Israel. So, not northern Africa.
In case it wasn't clear, I cosplayed Fancy Pants at the 2014 Bronycon.
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=ohoWIDFvnZI
Next video can be found here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHePoR0mRTY
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=M3i_rLnHGdg
This video is a blatant ripoff of PBS Idea Channel. They are amazing. Go watch all of their videos right now:
youtube.com/channel/UC3LqW4ijMoENQ2Wv17ZrFJA
"OK, so if I'm ripping of PBS Idea Channel I'm going to need a chip-tune-y sounding song and a bunch of album covers for the background. Lets do this!"
*ponifies everything*
". . .wow, I really don't listen to anything at all besides pony music"
Background music: youtube.com/watch?v=iOSUP9ikEPc
Click here for the next video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltYnG-V18Dk
The pictures for this video were SO MUCH FUN to make, you guys! I used to make all my pictures with the trackpad on my laptop, but I got a tablet about a week ago and I used it to make the pictures for this video, which is great, because I'm basically drawing the lives of the Proto-Indo-Europeans! SO much fun. That picture with the two drunk ones is my masterpiece. I don't think I'm going to be able to best that one in my lifetime.
Intro song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro song: youtube.com/watch?v=0zJk57IpHrs
Click here for the next video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErXa5PyHj4I
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro Song: This one was taken off of Youtube for some reason :(
If you're curious how they sound unmerged, check this video out: youtube.com/watch?v=RB3NHCJDq7M
Next video, the one on Grimm's Law:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnjfHu9eJLM
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=yFYSYGLx-RM
1: The Thai writing system has actually changed way more than I thought. I still think this is a good overview of why it's as complicated as it is, but Thai people can't actually still read stuff that's super old. Please disregard that lengthy, passionate speech at the end about how their writing system connects them to their ancient past.
2: Like I said, there are plenty of writing systems I didn't know about, and NativLang makes a very good case that the Tibetan writing system is actually the most complicated: youtube.com/watch?v=btn0-Vce5ug
3: "Vocalized" is not what I ment. The word I should have used is "voiced." "Vocalized" means something different.
Next video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EaYZljTlCUo
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=voj9MhBUaTI
1: I got Yin and Yang mixed up. Yin is associated with females and darkness and the rest, and Yang is associated with males and light and the rest.
2: Sejong wasn't an "emperor." "King" would be more accurate. The exact difference between those two ideas is a little unclear, but still, no one calls him an emperor and I shouldn't have either.
Next video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKVtpCByEy4
Learn Korean in 15 Minutes: http://9gag.com/gag/3968335
There are some differences between what I say in the video and what this comic teaches, mostly because of the changes that have taken place in the krorean language. I mostly discuss how Hangul related to Korean when it was first invented, while the comic only talks about modern Korean.
Intro Song: youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6DXhiBL27U
Thank you so much to 김성 for volunteering to translate this into Korean!
The next video can be found here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K53oCDZPPiw
. . . does anyone else think my intonation sounds weird in this video? I almost re-recorded the whole thing. Anyway, I'll try to make it sound more natural in later videos.
Into song: "Pink Clouds and Sticky Rain" by Cloud Nova
youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo
Outro song: Wonderbolt by dBPony feat. Prince
Whateverer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-izLkasbzG0
When I talk in my reconstruction of the most recent common ancestor of Received Pronunciation and General American English, here are the differences between my own dialect (which is pretty close to GAE) and what I tried to do in the video:
- I tried to un-merge the vowels /ɑː/ and /ɒ/ (as in the father-bother merger).
- I tried to stop flapping "t"s and "d"s in contexts like the word "better".
- I tried to stop tensing /æ/.
- I tried to un-merge the vowels /ɑ/ and /ɔ/ (as in the cot-caught merger).
- I tried to un-merge /hw/ and /w/ (as in the whine-wine merger).
- I tried to un-tense final /i/ back into /ɪ/ in some words (as in happy-tensing).
- I tried to stop dropping /j/ in some initial consonant clusters (as in yod-dropping).
Here are the differences between what I did in the reconstructed-1700s-accent and Received Pronunciation:
- It's not a rhotic-accent, so I still pronounced "r"s in a lot of contexts where they're absent form Received Pronunciation.
- I didn't split change /æ/ inconsistently to /ɑː/ (as in the trap-bath split).
- I tried to un-merge /hw/ and /w/ (as in the whine-wine merger).
- I tried to un-tense final /i/ back into /ɪ/ in some words (as in happy-tensing).
- I tried to stop dropping /j/ in some initial consonant clusters (as in yod-dropping).
This video was my attempt to do something similar. Of course English isn't semitic. I knew that when I made this video. That was the point, I wanted to have a provocative title which was blatantly wrong. For the sake of teaching people about the origin of different scripts, I decided to define a "language" as everything encompassed in the written form of a language including the script (which isn't how we normally use the word, nor should it be) and define language inheritance around the language's script (which REALLY isn't how we normally use those words, nor should it be). At the end I get into why this isn't actually even a viable way to think about it for a number of reasons.
In hindsight, none of this was very clear at all in this video, so I apologize for that. I was still pretty new at making videos when I made this, and a lot of stuff about it really embarrasses me, including how unclear I was about what I ment. However, I've decided to keep it up on my channel for historical purposes. I want people to be able to see all of my work, even the stuff that makes me cringe when I go back and watch it myself.
1: What I'm doing for the "x" sound isn't very accurate at all. It should sound softer.
2: We don't actually know whether PIE long and short vowels differed ONLY in length. They might have also been pronounced a little bit differently.
3: "vocalized" is not the word I mean here. The word for it is "voiced."
4: Voiced aspirated plosives aren't actually produced with an unvoiced interval, they're produced with a "breathy voiced" interval. What I mean by "breathy voiced" is a little complicated, but the point is it's technically neither voiced nor unvoiced.
More accurate PIE sample starts at 8:54.
This video teaches you how to recite a short story in Proto-Indo-European. For more on learning Proto-Indo-European, check out these guys: http://dnghu.org
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jlcV7DYL3o
This is a short story called "The King and the God" spoken in what linguists think Proto-Indo-European might have been like.
There are no native speakers left in the world, and there is no written record of it, but linguists have reconstructed it by comparing all of the languages that evolved from it. They don't all agree on what it was like, but this is close to the general consensus.
I didn't write the story, nor did I reconstruct Proto--Indo-European. I just found the story online, noticed there weren't any audio samples of reconstructed PIE and did my best to pronounce what I found so other people could hear what it might have sounded like.
The pictures are just stuff having to do with the Proto-Indo-Europeans. There's pictures of pottery they left behind, as well as pictures of modern-day steppe dwelling people who might have lived and looked like them.
Lol, the "interactive transcript" is struggling desperately to figure out what I'm saying!