Biography of John Hunyadi: Hungarys Crusader (1407-1456)  @HoH
Biography of John Hunyadi: Hungarys Crusader (1407-1456)  @HoH
House of History | Biography of John Hunyadi: Hungary's Crusader (1407-1456) @HoH | Uploaded August 2021 | Updated October 2024, 4 hours ago.
During the early decades of the 15th century, King Sigismund of Hungary faced turmoil in virtually every corner of his realm. In Bohemia, the Hussite Wars waged on, petty noble revolts pestered Transylvania, and the Hungarian sphere of influence in the Balkan was in jeopardy thanks to constant Ottoman raids and invasions. During this tumultuous time, one Hungarian military commander did his best to stop the Ottoman campaigns, leading to his name being widely recognised all over Europe. Janos Hunyadi rose from modest origins to one of the most successful military commanders of his day.

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Janos was born in a humble Wallachian family. He first appears in historical sources as the son of Vajk, who in 1409 was elevated to nobility status by King Sigismund and awarded the Hunyad castle and Hunyad county in Transylvania. It is where he got his last name from, Hunyadi. Throughout the years, more documents popped up, sometimes referring to Janos as ‘the Wallachian’, mainly showcasing loans made to the king who was perpetually short of cash.

As a young man, Hunyadi was taken to Sigismund’s court as ‘knight of the household’, with some contemporaries claiming he was the King’s illegitimate son. Educated by Italian mercenaries and eagerly following the novel Hussite methods of warfare, he exemplified great skill and strategic insight.

Meanwhile, a struggle for power in the Balkan between the Ottomans and Hungary began taking shape. This conflict would come to dominate Hunyadi’s entire life, but it already started years before his birth. In 1396 Sultan Bayezid I’s forces defeated a multi-ethnic Crusader’s army at Nicopolis, inflicting severe losses and gaining a permanent foothold in south-east Europe.
The decades after, gradual Ottoman expansion continued as the frontiers of the Kingdom came under direct threat. In December 1437, Sigismund passed away in Bohemia. Having no son, his son-in-law Albert Habsburg succeeded him. This new King too recognised Hunyadi’s strategic insight and tasked him with defending the southern frontiers, raising him to the ban of Severin, a large territory south of Transylvania. In 1439 the new despot of Serbia, Durad Brankovic, faced a new Ottoman invasion. After the successful besiegement of the capital Smedervo, he fled to Hungary. Commanding troops defending Hungary, Albert died of dysentery upon his return.

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