Uploaded November 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 hour ago
We head out from Casa Codorniz, pointing the Rhino south. The route I've chosen today is my favorite of several options for reaching the Tyro Mine overlook. It starts about a mile south of our place, where the trail begins its steep climb up to a ridge that runs parallel to the main Black Mountain range.
The Black Mountains themselves are a revelation for anyone accustomed to the green mountains of the East or even the pine-covered peaks of New Mexico. These are desert mountains, their faces exposed in layers of ancient volcanic rock, sedimentary formations, and mineral deposits that paint the slopes in every shade of brown, red, tan, and gold. They're young mountains by geological standards—part of the Basin and Range province that's been stretching and breaking apart for millions of years—and their bones show through their thin skin of desert vegetation.
nmosg.com
We head out from Casa Codorniz, pointing the Rhino south. The route I've chosen today is my favorite of several options for reaching the Tyro Mine overlook. It starts about a mile south of our place, where the trail begins its steep climb up to a ridge that runs parallel to the main Black Mountain range.
The Black Mountains themselves are a revelation for anyone accustomed to the green mountains of the East or even the pine-covered peaks of New Mexico. These are desert mountains, their faces exposed in layers of ancient volcanic rock, sedimentary formations, and mineral deposits that paint the slopes in every shade of brown, red, tan, and gold. They're young mountains by geological standards—part of the Basin and Range province that's been stretching and breaking apart for millions of years—and their bones show through their thin skin of desert vegetation.
nmosg.com

![Pecos River at Villanueva, New Mexico June 2022
Much needed monsoon rains turn the Pecos into a mud flow at Villanueva, New Mexico.
Villanueva is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in San Miguel County, New Mexico, United States. Known as La Cuesta until 1890, it is located along the Pecos River and New Mexico State Road 3.
Villanueva, a Spanish colonial village, was founded in 1808 and originally called La Cuesta (Spanish, hill or slope) because the village sits on top of a steeply sloping hill or cuesta overlooking the Pecos River. La Cuesta was one of the communities located within the San Miguel del Vado Land Grant. The grant was approved by the Spanish government in 1794 and settlements established in the land grant area included Bernal, El Pueblo, Entrnosa, Guzano, La Cuesta, Las Mulas, Puertecito, San Jose del Vado, and San Miguel del Vado.
Prior to 1786, when a peace treaty was concluded with the Comanche, Spanish settlements in New Mexico were confined to the Rio Grande valley. The reduced threat from Comanche raids permitted the expansion eastwards of Spanish settlements onto the Great Plains. Villanueva was one of the settlements founded in the Pecos River Valley as part of that expansion. A principal reason for founding the Pecos Valley settlements was to defend the Spanish and Pueblan settlements in the Rio Grande valley from raids by Apache and other Indian peoples.
In 1890, the community was renamed to Villanueva, for a prominent local family.
The Pecos River (Spanish: Río Pecos) originates in north-central New Mexico near Santa Fe and flows into Texas, emptying into the Rio Grande. Its headwaters are on the eastern slope of the Sangre de Cristo mountain range in Mora County north of Pecos, NM, at an elevation of over 12,000 feet. The river flows for 926 miles before reaching the Rio Grande near Del Rio.
The name “Pecos” derives from the Keresan (Native American language) term for the Pecos Pueblo, [p’æyok’ona]. The river was also historically referred to as the Río Natagés for the Mescalero people.
The river played a large role in the exploration of Texas by the Spanish.
On June 6, 1990, 20.5 miles of the Pecos River from its headwaters to the townsite of Tererro received National Wild and Scenic River designation.
nmosg.com Pecos River at Villanueva, New Mexico June 2022](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/h2r-8D-ueTA/mqdefault.jpg)








