The Four Humors, Explained @PatKellyTeaches

Patrick Kelly The humoral theory was the main theory of health and disease for nearly 2,000 years. The idea that blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile could influence your health and personality were the foundation for treatments like bloodletting and leeches, but also the first inklings of psychiatry. In this video, Patrick Kelly will explain the theory of the four humors in depth, and how it was replaced by cell theory in the 1800s.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Luna
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Jojo F
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Passions and Tempers: a history of the humours (2007) by Noga Arikha
Discovery of the Cardiovascular System: from Galen to William Harvey (2011)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21781247
Galen and his patients (2011) thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61240-3/fulltext
Legacy of Humoral Medicine by Faith Lagay, PhD (2002) journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/legacy-humoral-medicine/2002-07
32 — The Humors, Bedside Rounds by Adam Rodman, MD podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bedside-rounds/id919579524?i=1000404713694
Ayurvedic Medicine, explained ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198827
Morgagni’s legacy onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/clc.4960231021
Baillie’s Morbid Anatomy royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0036
Morbid Anatomy (1793) wellcomecollection.org/works/dgngbqsx/items?canvas=11
Virchow’s Cellular Pathology (1858) google.com/books/edition/Cellular_Pathology/JUth7ntb0_AC?hl=en

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

updated 1 year ago

The Four Humors, Explained

Patrick Kelly 2023-01-27 | The humoral theory was the main theory of health and disease for nearly 2,000 years. The idea that blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile could influence your health and personality were the foundation for treatments like bloodletting and leeches, but also the first inklings of psychiatry. In this video, Patrick Kelly will explain the theory of the four humors in depth, and how it was replaced by cell theory in the 1800s.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Luna
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Jojo F
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Passions and Tempers: a history of the humours (2007) by Noga Arikha
Discovery of the Cardiovascular System: from Galen to William Harvey (2011)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21781247
Galen and his patients (2011) thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61240-3/fulltext
Legacy of Humoral Medicine by Faith Lagay, PhD (2002) journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/legacy-humoral-medicine/2002-07
32 — The Humors, Bedside Rounds by Adam Rodman, MD podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bedside-rounds/id919579524?i=1000404713694
Ayurvedic Medicine, explained ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198827
Morgagni’s legacy onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/clc.4960231021
Baillie’s Morbid Anatomy royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0036
Morbid Anatomy (1793) wellcomecollection.org/works/dgngbqsx/items?canvas=11
Virchow’s Cellular Pathology (1858) google.com/books/edition/Cellular_Pathology/JUth7ntb0_AC?hl=en

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Origin of Aspirin: From Willow Bark to the Pharmacy Shelf

Patrick Kelly 2024-08-31 | In this video, Patrick Kelly tells the story of aspirin, the iconic painkiller tablet, from its ancient origins with willow bark aspirin to modern pharmacology. Learn how aspirin is prepared from salicylic acid and see how it compares to other popular pain relievers like ibuprofen and Tylenol (acetaminophen/paracetamol).

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Old channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Jody O | Paul R | Daphne P | Oli W
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Richardion G | Joe B | Mindi F | Sal F | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-S | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy Fur | huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dab Brills | Robert M | Kristal C | Unsalted Pecan | Jiggs | TierZoo | Skasi | Jane G | Jack M | Hailey H | Matthew B | Michelle J | Helena SB | Eric L | Marshall K | David S | Ryne CJ | Kilian | Dean M | Ben | Cody S | Michelle L | Joseph G | Aryan Y | GD Annin | Vic K | Becca S | StealthyInk | Jesse B | Aleksander F | gidoo | Roxana A | Marc M | Munsu J | Doyle V

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Annotated fact checked script on Patreon: patreon.com/posts/110687991
The Drug Hunters (affiliate link) amzn.to/3SCfoDP
The Discovery of Aspirin's Antithrombotic Effects (2007) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1894700
The first 3500 years of aspirin history from its roots – A concise summary (2019)
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1537189118303549
Traveling through time with aspirin, a healing companion (2011) journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1721727X1100900102
The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal (2000)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119266
Rev Stone Willow paper (1763) royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1763.0033
THE LIFE CYCLE OF STERLING DRUG, INC. (2000) https://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v25-1/v25-1%20p22-27.pdf
Prostaglandin in the inflammatory response
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081099
Painkillers and prostaglandins (2003) nature.com/articles/nsb0403-233
ASPIRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DISEASES (1948) sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673649918292
Release of Additional Factors in Anaphylaxis and its Antagonism by Anti-inflammatory Drugs (1969) nature.com/articles/223029a0
1974 Elwood trial ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1633246/pdf/brmedj02178-0046.pdf
Aspirin as a Therapeutic Agent in Cardiovascular Disease : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the AHA (1997) ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.cir.96.8.2751
Pharmacology of ibuprofen ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3191627
The development of COX2 inhibitors (2003) nature.com/articles/nrd1034
Future of COX-2 inhibitors (2005) nature.com/articles/nrd1755#citeas
VIGOR study (2000) nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200011233432103
The sad story of Vioxx, and what we should learn from it (2004) ccjm.org/content/ccjom/71/12/933.full.pdf
ISIS-2 (1998) bmj.com/content/bmj/316/7141/1337.full.pdf

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:32 How did Aspirin come from Willow?
8:45 Bayer's Marketing Plan
15:22 Mechanism of Action
17:57 Pharmacology of aspirin

🎵M U S I C🎵
Backed Vibes Clean - Rollin at 5 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400029
Artist: http://incompetech.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

How Pharmaceutical Patents Make Drugs Expensive

Patrick Kelly 2024-08-03 | Patents are crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. In this video, Patrick Kelly tells the story of patents in American medicine and will answer some questions along the way. Like what is a drug patent? What is evergreening? How does a patent affect drug prices? And do patents actually incentivize innovation?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Old channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Jody O | Paul R | Daphne P
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Richardion G | Joe B | Mindi F | Sal F | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-S | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy Fur | huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dab Brills | Robert M | Kristal C | Unsalted Pecan | Jiggs | TierZoo | Skasi | Jane G | Jack M | Hailey H | Matthew B | Michelle J | Helena SB | Eric L | Marshall K | David S | Ryne CJ | Radomir K | Kilian | Dean M | Ben | Cody S | Michelle L | Joseph G | Aryan Y | GD Annin | Vic K | Becca S | StealthyInk | Jesse B | Aleksander F | gidoo

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Medical Monopoly by Joseph M. Gabriel (super in depth book on the topic!)
amzn.to/3Ak8VqL
WHO bedaquiline patent summary (2014) unitaid.org/assets/TMC_207_Patent_Landscape.pdf

How pharmaceuticals became patentable: the production and appropriation of drugs in the twentieth century (2008)
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07341510701810906
Pharmaceutical patenting and the transformation of American medical ethics (2016)
jstor.org/stable/26350752
Patent Medicines from MHAH
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object-groups/balm-of-america-patent-medicine-collection/history
FDA and Clinical Drug Trials: A Short History (2008)
fda.gov/media/110437/download
Congress Report: Patent Law and Its Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry ipmall.info/sites/default/files/hosted_resources/crs/RL30756_050110.pdf
Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies (2020) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7592140
Patents, Trade, and Medicines: Past, Present, and Future (2018)
eprints.lse.ac.uk/100032/1/Shadlen_Sampat_and_Kapczynski.pdf
USPTO Patent Explainer (2014) uspto.gov/sites/default/files/inventors/edu-inf/BasicPatentGuide.pdf

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
1:04 What are patents?
3:32 What are patent medicines?
18:11 the Modern Pharma Patent System
18:32 What are generic drugs?
21:41 The Kefauver-Harris Amendments (1962)
27:10 Hatch Waxman (1984)
31:14 What is evergreening?
34:42 What was the TRIPS agreement?
39:45 Do Patents Incentivize innovation?

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Story of the Placebo Effect

Patrick Kelly 2024-06-15 | The placebo effect is the phenomenon where someone derives a benefit after receiving a sham treatment. This is the story of how scientists learned wha the placebo effect is and how they utilized it in clinical trials. Make sure to check out the sources for recommended reading!

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Old channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Jody O | Paul R
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Richardion G | Joe B | Mindi F | Sal F | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-S | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy Fur | huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dab Brills | Robert M | Kristal C | Unsalted Pecan | Jiggs | TierZoo | Skasi | Jane G | Jack M | Hailey H | Matthew B | Michelle J | Helena SB | Eric L | Marshall K | David S | Ryne CJ | Radomir K | Kilian | Dean M | Ben | Cody S | Michelle L | Joseph G | Aryan Y | GD Annin | Vic K | Becca S | StealthyInk | Jesse B | Aleksander F

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Placebos by Kathryn Hall (affiliate link) amzn.to/4aDbCA9
A line-by-line breakdown can be found on Patreon. You do not have to pay to access it. patreon.com/posts/105448923

Placebo response vs effect (2021) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314506
Placebo effects and the molecular biological components involved (2019) gpsych.bmj.com/content/gpsych/32/5/e100089.full.pdf
Early history of placebo (2013) sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965229912000866?casa_token=UI-JctlBfPMAAAAA:g3G3QeUpI8Wir-PapscKTHLvKyYnB6x5-z9PaLqlYnD2BW_frfMZCTXA20djqvTWBopcoSx-0vs

William Cullen first use of placebo (1772) jameslindlibrary.org/cullen-w-1772
Cullen secondary ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2254457
Haygarth Of The Imagination (1800) wellcomecollection.org/works/rxjv2n3y
Elisha Perkins ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2601307/pdf/yjbm00545-0050.pdf
Beecher: Powerful Placebo (1955) dcscience.net/beecher-placebo-1955.pdf
Hernstein scopolamine (1958) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1403849/pdf/jeabehav00207-0066.pdf
Patulin study reprint (1944) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15082620
Patulin study commentary ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1557884
Streptomycin study commentary ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1592068
Levine, Fields, Gordon Naloxone study (1978) researchgate.net/publication/23053306_The_Mechanism_of_Placebo_Analgesia
Parkinsons and placebos (2021) sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128201077000276

Placebo effects and the molecular biological components involved (2019) gpsych.bmj.com/content/gpsych/32/5/e100089.full.pdf
To tell the truth, the whole truth: nocebo effect in informed consent (2013) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3352765
AMA Code of Ethics placebo code-medical-ethics.ama-assn.org/ethics-opinions/use-placebo-clinical-practice

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:47 Cullen and early placebo
2:50 Haygarth and Perkins Tractors
6:47 Beecher and The Powerful Placebo
9:40 How does placebo effect work in the brain?
17:20 The Nocebo effect

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

How Anthrax Changed Infectious Disease

Patrick Kelly 2024-05-19 | In this video, Patrick Kelly guides you through the microbiology of anthrax disease before telling the story of Robert Koch, whose research on anthrax helped establish the germ theory of disease, a cornerstone of microbiology. Learn how early discoveries paved the way for modern antibiotics and revolutionized our approach to infectious diseases. Whether you're a microbiology enthusiast or just curious about medical history, this video offers a comprehensive overview of anthrax from its origins to contemporary treatment methods.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Old channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Jody O | Paul R
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Richardion G | Joe B | Mindi F | Sal F | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-S | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy Fur | huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dab Brills | Robert M | Kristal C | Unsalted Pecan | Jiggs | TierZoo | Skasi | Jane G | Jack M | Hailey H | Matthew B | Michelle J | Helena SB | Eric L | Marshall K | David S | Ryne CJ | Radomir K | Kilian | Dean M | Ben | Cody S | Michelle L | Joseph G | Aryan Y | GD Annin | Vic K | Becca S

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
An annotated version of the script can be found here: patreon.com/posts/104362006
CDC History of Anthrax cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/anthrax-history.html
Human Anthrax: Update of the Diagnosis and Treatment (2023)
mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/6/1056
Biostats Anthrax articles ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507773
Baylor Anthrax article https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/specific-agents/anthrax
CDC Anthrax routes cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/types/index.html
Ins and Outs of Anthrax Toxin (2016) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4810214
Anthrax: A Disease and a Weapon (2005) https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=8b78ce074bf7dc34b4e391b7945929e10a1b6367

Fournier 1769 book google.com/books/edition/Observations_et_exp%C3%A9riences_sur_le_char/Ky0c4z3T3w0C?hl=en&gbpv=1
Koch’s Original 1876 paper archive.org/details/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/page/277/mode/1up
Koch’s 1877 paper with first anthrax images
archive.org/details/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/beitrgezurbiolog02berl/page/n446/mode/1up
Pouilly le Fort Experiment (FR 1881 / ENG 2002) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2588695/pdf/yjbm00005-0057.pdf
Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’ of bacteriology (2009) ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(10)02314-3/pdf
The first live attenuated vaccines (2020) nature.com/articles/d42859-020-00008-5
Anthrax vaccines at the PI (2024) mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/2/66
Anthrax and the wool trade (1902) researchgate.net/publication/11382628_Anthrax_and_the_wool_trade_1902
John Henry Bell (2002) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447156
Brachman Vaccine Paper (1962) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1522900/pdf/amjphnation00490-0074.pdf

Combinations of Monoclonal Antibodies to Anthrax Toxin (2013) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676002
Raxibacumab approval from FDA accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2012/125349Orig1s000ltr.pdf
Obiltoxaximab (2016) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27085536
Anthim (obiltoxiaximab) anthim.com/what-is-anthim.html
Antibodies against Anthrax Toxins (2022) mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/3/172

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
I am not taking sponsorship offers at this time: patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:57 Microbiology of Anthrax Disease
4:27 Early History of Anthrax
6:28 Nicolas Fournier
8:15 Davaine and Rayer find bacillus anthracis
10:10 Robert Koch's work on anthrax
18:37 Modern treatments for anthrax

14:56 Louis Pasteur, Pouilley-le-Fort, and the anthrax vaccine
#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Why Are There So Many Antihistamines? 🤧💊

Patrick Kelly 2024-04-15 | Antihistamine drugs are everywhere! While you’re used to the anti-allergy effects of commercially successful drugs like Benadryl and Claritin, popular drugs for motion sickness, peptic ulcers, and even antipsychotics started their lives as antihistamines. It also turns out that important concepts in pharmacology, like the receptor theory, and agonist and antagonist pharmacology, owe their development in part to the story of antihistamines.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Sal F | Jody O | Ansel K | Paul B
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Pia K | Joe B | Mindi F | Ansel K | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Jonathan G | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-Seo | Drake W | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy F | Lucie C | Huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dabrick B | Robert M | Kristal C | TierZoo | Unsalted Pecan | Marshall K | Eric L | Helena SB | Michelle J | Matthew B | Hailey H | Jack M | Jane G | Skasi | Jiggs

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Full annotated script available for free on Patreon: patreon.com/posts/antihistamines-102208961
Blockbuster Drugs: the Rise and Decline of the Pharmaceutical Industry by Jie Jack Li amzn.to/3U4WnuM (affiliate link)
Ten Drugs by Thomas Hager amzn.to/4cFkZSj (affiliate link)
Histamine pharmacology: from Sir Henry Dale to the 21st century (2020) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7012941
Histamine receptors and antihistamines: from discovery to clinical applications (2014) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24925401
Histamine and itch (2014) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK200934
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Allergy Agents (2018) google.com/books/edition/Frontiers_in_Clinical_Drug_Research_Anti/EIJoDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
Allergy ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545237
Allergic rhinitis nature.com/articles/s41572-020-00227-0
Inverse Agonism and Functional Selectivity (2018) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6165953
Histamine H1 Receptor sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/histamine-h1-receptor
Histamine and the antiallergic antihistamines: a history of their discoveries (1999) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444205
Dale and Laidlaw isolate histamine (1910) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512903/pdf/jphysiol02557-0034.pdf
Dale and Richards experiment with histamine (1911) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1402694/pdf/jphysiol01757-0036.pdf
Halpern discovers Phenergan ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1591171/pdf/canmedaj00625-0017.pdf
The Claritin Effect; Prescription for Profit (2001) nytimes.com/2001/03/11/magazine/the-claritin-effect-prescription-for-profit.html
As Blockbuster Claritin Goes Generic, Schering-Plough Pushes a Close Sibling (2002) wsj.com/articles/SB1016748743581330920

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
Business inquiries only: patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:34 The Discovery of Histamine
5:46 The First Antihistamines
12:33 The Rise of Non-Drowsy (Second Generation) H1 Antihistamines
19:34 Tagamet: the first blockbuster

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

What Happened to Appendectomies?

Patrick Kelly 2024-03-02 | An appendectomy is the surgical removal of an appendix. But there's been a weird pattern in the incidence of appendectomies over the last few decades.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Sal F | Jody O | Ansel K
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Kathy K | Pia K | Joe B | Mindi F | Ansel K | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Jonathan G | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-Seo | Drake W | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy F | Lucie C | Huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dabrick B | Robert M | Kristal C | TierZoo | Unsalted Pecan | Skasi

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Fully annotated script here: patreon.com/posts/what-happened-to-99447631
Appendicitis (2024) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493193
Appendectomy (2024) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580514
Three Centuries of Appendicectomy (2023) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9971071
The Case Against Appendectomies (2018) nytimes.com/2018/11/19/well/live/the-case-against-appendectomies.html
A Brief History of Appendicitis (2014) https://cbc.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/02012014-AS.pdf
Historic Phases of Appendicitis (2011) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1391465/pdf/annsurg00649-0020.pdf
Berengario da Carpi (2019) frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2019.00011/full#B19
Da Carpi (1530?) google.com/books/edition/Isagogae_breues_et_exactissimae_in_anato/fgamMN9j69EC?hl=en&gbpv=0
Heister (1754) upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Medical%2C_chirurgical_and_anatomical_cases_and_observations_%28IA_b30410666%29.pdf
Copland (1853) google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Practical_Medicine/Zl5HAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=appendix
Fitz 1886 Paper iiif.wellcomecollection.org/pdf/b22454706
Mcburney (1895) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9155691/pdf/southmedrec150998-0034.pdf
NEJM Commentary on Fitz’s paper (1935) nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM193508082130601

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:40 Discovering the Appendix
7:37 Appendicitis Becomes Surgical
12:30 Is Appendectomy Worth It?

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The History of Phage Therapy

Patrick Kelly 2024-02-04 | Phage therapy uses viruses called bacteriophages to destroy specific bacteria. Scientists are hopeful that they could become a tool to fight antibiotic-resistant germs. In this video, Patrick Kelly guides you through the history of phage therapy's development.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis
📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Oxytocin Tier: Mike W | Joanne K | Jim C Jr. | Sal F | Jody O | Ansel K
Growth Hormone Tier: Dane M | Brendan P | Brandon K | Kathy K | Pia K | Joe B | Mindi F | Ansel K | Michael G | Brian B | Eileen H | Jonathan G | Waffles the Dog | Brian T | Brian H | Michael R | Karen S | Sarah B | Robin B | Jacob S | Hyeon-Seo | Drake W | Pranav M | Paul | Lucy F | Lucie C | Huynhy | elnombre91 | Alcedo | Magmania | Josef K | Kyle K | Dabrick B | Robert M | Kristal C

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
The Good Virus by Tom Ireland amazon.com/Good-Virus-Amazing-Forgotten-Promise/dp/1324050837?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=aa68d4d0cf5456aef18c11eebb8a07d0&camp=1789&creative=9325
The Perfect Predator by Stephanie Strathdee amazon.com/Perfect-Predator-Scientists-Husband-Superbug/dp/0316418110/ref=sr_1_1?crid=39J5FPAXZ35OB&keywords=the+perfect+predator&qid=1706799668&s=books&sprefix=the+perfect+preda%252Cstripbooks%252C212&sr=1-1&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=70fed613c532aa9e78d3aabf42496ea2&camp=1789&creative=9325
Annotated script here: patreon.com/posts/phage-video-is-97650618
Bacteriophage Therapy of Bacterial Infections: The Rediscovered Frontier (2021)
mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/1/34
Standardized bacteriophage purification for personalized phage therapy (2020) nature.com/articles/s41596-020-0346-0
Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (2019) cell.com/cell-host-microbe/pdf/S1931-3128(19)30052-6.pdf
Phage Cocktail Development for Bacteriophage Therapy (2021) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541335
Hankin paper (1896) archive.org/details/annalesdelinstit10inst/page/522/mode/1up?view=theater tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/bact.1.3.16736?needAccess=true
A Brief History of Shigella (2018) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559768
An Early History of Phage Therapy in the United States (2021) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8231696
Bacteriophage prehistory (2011) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225782
The virus in the rivers: histories and antibiotic afterlives of the bacteriophage at the sangam in Allahabad (2020) royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsnr.2020.0019
Bacteriophage Therapy (2001) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC90351
The Third Age of Phage (2005) journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030182
An invisible microbe that is antagonistic to the dysentery bacillus (1917) by F. d’Herelle — translation of original French sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250807001507?via%3Dihub
Le bacteriophage (1921) by D’Herelle archive.org/details/lebactriophages00hrgoog/page/n7/mode/2up
Bacteriophage and Staph skin infections (1921) https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6541609m/f479.item
Cholera and Plague in India: The Bacteriophage Inquiry of 1927-1936 web.archive.org/web/20170811194935id_/sites.ualberta.ca/~pukatzki/labpage/Lab_News/Entries/2010/11/14_Phage_Therapy_files/The%20Bacteriophage%20Inquiry.pdf
The Adoption and Survival of Bacteriophage Therapy in the USSR (2018) academic.oup.com/jhmas/article/73/4/385/5128730
The prospect for bacteriophage therapy in Western medicine (2003) nature.com/articles/nrd1111.pdf
An interview with Elizabeth Kutter ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9041451

IMAGES
Portrait of Steffanie A. Strathdee by Scott Lafee for Triton Magazine. CC-BY-SA 4.0 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffanie_A._Strathdee#/media/File:Strathdee_Portrait.png
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Intralytix Headquarters by Rayford Payne. CC-BY-SA 4.0
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Intralytix_Exterior_Spring.jpg
youtube.com/watch?v=qCzCj4gQWLk&t=4s

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:48 What is a Phage
2:00 Ernest Hankin
5:18 Fredrick Twort
6:50 Felix d’Herelle
16:52 Phage Therapy in the Soviet Union
22:19 Phage Therapy in the USA
25:16 Challenges to phage therapy
28:09 Why are people hopeful?

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Antibiotic Resistance: How Humans Ruined Miracle Drugs

Patrick Kelly 2023-12-31 | Antibiotic resistance is possibly the biggest existential threat to humanity. What were the causes, how does it work, and what do we do about it?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Pranav M
Paul
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Drake W
Kathy K
Mike W
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Robb W
Sarah B
Carl
Dontae W
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Jonathan G
Brian T
Thelma S
Silverstar
Brian B
Michael G
Zoe C

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Annotated script found here: patreon.com/posts/antibiotic-video-95558251

[Affiliate links] I get a commission if you decide to buy it through this link.
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics by William Rosen
amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Big Chicken by Maryn McKenna

Antibiotic Discovery and Resistance: The Chase and the Race (2022) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35203785
*THIS ONE WAS GREAT* Antibiotic resistance in microbes: History, mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and future prospects (2021) sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034121003403#bib0115
The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States (2017)
nature.com/articles/ja201730
Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance (2010) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937522
WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
FDA Fact Sheet fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/antimicrobial-resistance-information-fda
CDC Fact Sheet cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html
CDC 2019 AMR report cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest-threats.html
The evolving response to antibiotic resistance (1945–2018)
nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0181-x

Chain & Abraham Penicillinase (1940) nature.com/articles/146837a0
1945 Fleming Nobel Prize speech nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/fleming-lecture.pdf
Ampicillin ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4080027
Methicillin trial in BMJ (1960) europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2097972&blobtype=pdf
Carbapanems ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195018
Evolution of B-lactamase inhibitors (1991) jstor.org/stable/pdf/4456082.pdf

Animal Protein Factor by Jukes et al (1949) CC BY 4.0 DEED
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818566837
ON THE MECHANISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT CLONES OF SHIGELLA (1960) onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1960.tb00170.x
Swann Report (1969) wellcomecollection.org/works/cqvewh54
A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential (2012) journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003335491212700103
Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0152-2
Staphylococcal Infection in Meat Animals and Meat Workers, Ravenholt (1961) jstor.org/stable/4591310

Study on genetic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum, the cephalosporin C producer (2016) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640796
A Glimpse of the early history of the cephalosporins (1979) jstor.org/stable/pdf/4452284.pdf
Celbenin resistant Staph (original MRSA paper - 1961) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1952888/pdf/brmedj02876-0102b.pdf
MRSA in Boston City Hospital (1968) nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM196808292790901?url_ver=Z39.88-2003
Five decades of MRSA thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61566-3/fulltext
Carbapnems: Past, Present, and Future ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195018
Thienamycin to Imipenem (1983) academic.oup.com/jac/article-abstract/12/suppl_D/1/773528?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false

FDA GFIs fda.gov/animal-veterinary/guidance-regulations/guidance-industry
GDI 213 FDA Document fda.gov/media/83488/download
Use of Ichip for High-Throughput In Situ Cultivation of “Uncultivable” Microbial Species (2010)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849220
Discovery of teixobaxtin (2015) nature.com/articles/nature14098

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 Intro
0:58 Biology of Antibiotic Resistance
5:51 Human Use
16:24 Agriculture
26:41 Solutions

Tetracycline: The Rise of Pfizer

Patrick Kelly 2023-12-03 | The history of tetracyclines, including the rise of Lederle-Cyanamid's Aureomycin and Pfizer's Terramycin.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Joanne K
Sal F.
Jim Clay Jr
Ansel K
Brandon K
Pranav M
Paul
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Drake W
Kathy K
Mike W
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Robb W
Sarah B
Dontae W
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Jonathan G
Brian T
Waffles the Dog
Thelma S
Silverstar
Brian B
Michael G
Zoe C

SOURCES
The Miracle Cure by William Rosen
amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=8c4b80078cd36c6e3dd313b4c3db2694&camp=1789&creative=9325

Actinomycetes: A Never-Ending Source of Bioactive Compounds—An Overview on Antibiotics Production (2021) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143475
Tetracycline antibiotics (2021) link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40828-021-00138-x.pdf
Tetracycline, StatePearls (updated 2023) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549905

Antibiotic Discovery and Development (2012) http://cmdr.ubc.ca/bobh/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/BC-Schurek-2012.pdf
The Development of Third-Generation Tetracycline Antibiotics and New Perspectives (2021) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707899

PIONEER LEADERS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY: BENJAMIN MINGE DUGGAR (1982) annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.py.20.090182.000341
Dr. Benjamin Duggar Dies at 84 (1956) timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/09/11/84708966.html?pageNumber=35

AUREOMYCIN: A PRODUCT OF THE CONTINUING SEARCH FOR NEW ANTIBIOTICS by Duggar (1948) nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06254.x?casa_token=6iXyYOyDzDsAAAAA%3APTYWGc8C_sEfntboUBguIIShANSarGUeJAAjbREghxW-vlY9OxCeY2ef9PvZ2jh3g656aFwMXidmgCBf
Aureomycin, a New Antibiotic (1949) nature.com/articles/163159a0.pdf
Chloramphenicol fact sheet from Pfizer labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=14816
Public Policy: Antitrust & Antibiotics (1961) web.archive.org/web/20110205040226/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895666,00.html
U.S. vs Pfizer (1974) justice.gov/media/1235821/dl?inline
Tetracycline litigation en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracycline_litigation
Casetext US vs Pfizer (1982) casetext.com/case/in-re-coordinated-pretrial-proceedings-etc-9

An annotated version of the script with sources in footnotes can be found here: patreon.com/posts/tetracyclines-of-93954403

IMAGES
Wellcome polio vaccine. Wellcome Collection. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Licence: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) wellcomecollection.org/works/qps38n3k/images?id=vrbvbens
View of Sanborn Field from the adjacent Bond Life Sciences Center on the University of Missouri campus by Lwtwb8 (CC BY-SA 3.0)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanborn_Field#/media/File:SanbornField.png
flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/4899342506/in/photostream
Rickettsia typhi by David H. Walker (UTMB), George Weinstock (BCM-HGSC)
https://www.hgsc.bcm.edu/rickettsia-typhi
Tetracycline HCl substance by Rillke Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tetracycline-HCl_substance_photo.jpg
Streptomyces rimosus, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (CC-BY 4.0) https://bacdive.dsmz.de/strain/15515
Arthur M Sackler in his office. Smithsonian's Freer and Sackler Galleries. CC BY-SA 2.0 DEED
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler#/media/File:Arthur_M._Sackler.jpg
Parke, Davis and Company, manufacturing chemists, Detroit, Michigan. Packaging pills in the finishing department loc.gov/resource/ds.14946
Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of Staphylococcus aureus on MHA after over night incubation by Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antibiogram_of_Staphylococcus_aureus_on_MHA.jpg

VIDEOS
The antibiotics and terramycin wellcomecollection.org/works/m2raqspe
Age of Promise (1956) wellcomecollection.org/works/jkhgxzzj

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 Intro
0:46 Part 1: Pay Dirt
6:52 Part 2: From the Earth
12:20 The Lawsuit
14:52 Part 3: New Generations of Tetracyclines

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

Streptomycin: The Controversy over the First Tuberculosis Antibiotic (Schatz vs Waksman)

Patrick Kelly 2023-11-19 | Streptomycin was the first effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. But it’s discovery was controversial. The credit was awarded mostly to Selman Waksman, but his graduate student, Albert Schatz, had a legitimate claim to the title. In this video, you’ll learn why penicillin doesn’t work on tuberculosis, the discovery story of streptomycin, the pharmacology of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and why there’s so much controvery over the Nobel Prize of 1952.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Pranav M
Paul
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Drake W
Kathy K
Mike W
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Robb W
Sarah B
Carl
Dontae W
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Jonathan G
Brian T
Waffles the Dog
Thelma S
Silverstar
Brian B
Michael G
Zoe C

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Tuberculosis (2023) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441916
Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2022) nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00763-4
Tuberculosis in Adults and Children (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK344406
The mycobacterial cell wall (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526729
Interplay of human macrophages and mycobacterium tuberculosis researchgate.net/publication/310467183_Interplay_of_human_macrophages_and_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_phenotypes

Antibiotic antagonist: the curious career of René Dubos (2016) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7137170
Dubos and Avery enzyme (1931) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2132046/pdf/51.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 1 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/1/1140819/1.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 2 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/1/11/1140799/11.pdf
Dubos antibiotic 3 (1939) rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/70/3/249/1181678/249.pdf
Dubos 1941 rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/73/5/629/1182170/629.pdf
Gramicidin pharmacology ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4306519
Russian Gramicidin link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12064-018-0262-9.pdf

Waksman and Woodruff, antinomyces antibioticus (1941) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC374755/pdf/jbacter00732-0074.pdf
Chemical nature of actinomycin (1941) pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/778417/1-s2.0-S0021925818X4054X/1-s2.0-S002192581845051X/main.pdf
Streptothricin paper (1942) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-49-13515
Fumigacin and Clavacin (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/jb.45.3.233-248.1943
Antibioic roundup! (1942) journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jb.44.3.373-384.1942
The renaming of actinomycetes to streptomycetes ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC373826/pdf/jbacter00710-0022.pdf
Streptomycin original paper (1944) journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3181/00379727-55-14461
Mayo Clinic human TB paper (1945) cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19462700530
Streptomycin patent patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ba/26/7c/93a3207b6374ea/US2449866.pdf

Waksman Nobel speech (1952) nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/waksman-lecture.pdf
Streptomycin: Discovery and Resultant Controversy (1991) jstor.org/stable/23330620
Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery (2004) jstor.org/stable/24632177

Streptomycin ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555886
Aminoglycosides ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4888811
Aminoglycoside Revival: Review of a Historically Important Class of Antimicrobials Undergoing Rejuvenation journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0002-2018

Double blinding, explained ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546641
Lehmann and PAS ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529705/pdf/postmedj00622-0021.pdf

🖼 Image attributions exceeded YouTube’s character limit! Please find attributions on the annotated script here: patreon.com/posts/streptomycin-93092791

0:00 Intro
0:38 Part 1: The Problem with Penicillin
5:36 Part 2: Patents and Promises
15:28 Part 3: Schatz hits the Fan
20:31 Coda: Impact of Streptomycin

Whats the Best Medical History Book?

Patrick Kelly 2023-10-28 | The first livestream on my channel! Let's have a chat about our favorite Med Hist books and see if we can crown a winner! Books mentioned can be found in this running document. docs.google.com/document/d/1nOoXHHZ8d_rjNyytJoC6Nd3jRxuwQaF2qmsmU3NaQ9o/edit?usp=sharing

Penicillin: From Fleming to the Pharmacy

Patrick Kelly 2023-09-26 | Penicillin's discovery by Alexander Fleming in 1929 gets a lot of hype as the advent of antibiotics. But in reality, Fleming was just one part of the story. A team from Oxford University led by Howard Florey, in partnership with the Northern Lab in the USA brought penicillin production to the world. In this video, Patrick Kelly tells the history of penicillin.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Ron Blumenfeld
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Rourou Y
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Kathy K
Hyeon-Seo
Jacob S.
Robin B
Sarah B
Carl
Karen S
Michael R
Brian H
Brian T
Waffles the Dog
Silverstar
Robb W
Brian B
Michael G

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Image attributions and fact checked script can be found here. You do not need to be a Patron to view: patreon.com/posts/penicillin-89784054

Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Science, Government, and the Mass Production of Penicillin by PETER NEUSHUL (1993)
jstor.org/stable/24623264
The Discovery of Penicillin: New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use (2017) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5403050
Post- penicillin antibiotics researchgate.net/publication/32886496_Post_penicillin_antibiotics_from_acceptance_to_resistance

Fleming biographies
aai.org/About/History/Notable-Members/Nobel-Laureates/AlexanderFleming
sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/alexander-fleming
pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmflem.html
scientificamerican.com/article/penicillin-wasn-rsquo-t-alexander-fleming-rsquo-s-first-major-discovery
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520913
Fleming’s 1917 Flavine paper
thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(01)52126-1/fulltext
Fleming’s WW1 notebook clippings
bl.uk/collection-items/alexander-flemings-notebook-june-1917-1918
Fleming’s 1929 Penicillin paper
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048009/pdf/brjexppathol00255-0037.pdf
Fleming’s 1932 Lysozyme retrospective in Journal of Royal Society of Medicine
journals.sagepub.com/toc/jrsa/26/2
Fleming BMJ 1941 correspondence
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2162878/pdf/brmedj04059-0024a.pdf
Did Fleming deserve the Nobel? link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11948-019-00149-5.pdf

Beta-lactam pharmcology
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5369031
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554560
sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/beta-lactam-antibiotic
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja038445l
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7144564

Florey and Chain biography sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/howard-walter-florey-and-ernst-boris-chain
pbs.org/newshour/health/the-real-story-behind-the-worlds-first-antibiotic
Ramon y Cajal biography history.nih.gov/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1016727
Florey letters royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbm.1971.0011
Republication of 1940 Penicillin as Chemotherapeutic Agent journals.lww.com/clinorthop/fulltext/2005/10000/the_classic__penicillin_as_a_chemotherapeutic.7.aspx
Howard Florey and the Development of Penicillin jstor.org/stable/pdf/532209
History of Corn! washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2012/08/16/a-brief-history-of-u-s-corn-in-one-chart
Anne Miller and the New Haven hospital https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/fulton-penicillin-and-chance/
nytimes.com/1999/06/09/us/anne-miller-90-first-patient-who-was-saved-by-penicillin.html
Younkin’s economic model (2008) https://irle.berkeley.edu/culture/papers/Younkin-Mar08.pdf

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:37 Alexander Fleming and St. Mary’s4
4:27 Penicillin pharmacology
8:37 The Oxford Crew
12:44 1939 Mouse Experiment
16:14 Penicillin Production
24:47 The Economics of Penicillin
27:37 The Problems with Penicillin

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Penicillin wasnt the first antibiotic #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Patrick Kelly 2023-09-11 | ...

FDR Junior brought sulfa drugs to America #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Patrick Kelly 2023-09-07 | ...

Sulfa Drugs: the Rise and Fall of Sulfanilamide

Patrick Kelly 2023-08-31 | Streptococcus bacteria have caused uncountable deaths from infection throughout history, and in 1935, humanity finally got a tool to fight them. Starting in 1932, Bayer and IG Farben started testing compounds for antibacterial properties. This culminated with Prontosil (sulfanilamide) in 1935, one of the first effective antibacterial drugs. It was uniquely poised to take advantage of streptococcus microbiology, whether that was strep pyogenes or pneumoniae.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Ron Blumenfeld
Joanne K
Sal F.
Ansel K
Anton
Brandon K
Rourou Y
Brendan P
Dane M
Kristoffer R
Jakub V
Joe B
Karly N
Mindi F
Kathy K

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Annotated, line-by-line fact checked script available here: patreon.com/posts/story-of-sulfa-88286296

sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/gerhard-domagk
bayer.com/en/history/1881-1914
museum.dea.gov/museum-collection/collection-spotlight/artifact/heroin-bottle
britannica.com/topic/IG-Farben
nytimes.com/1994/09/13/business/company-news-germans-to-regain-bayer-aspirin.html jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/599738
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88944
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3993104 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474463/#bibr15-2018.010 royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.1964.0003
brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/ges/45/1/article-p67_6.pdf
link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-6663-2_3
bayer.com/en/history/gerhard-domagk
thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)75485-4/fulltext ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6050735
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6452490
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2270250
nytimes.com/1936/12/17/archives/young-roosevelt-saved-by-new-drug-doctor-used-prontylin-in-fight-on.html
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512414

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 intro
0:22 Bayer, IG Farben, Gerhard Domagk
6:17 Sulfanilamide breaks through
10:24 Dupes and Downfall
13:12 After IG Farben

The Medieval Antibiotic that Probably Worked #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Patrick Kelly 2023-08-30 | ...

How Chinese Herb Artemisia Has Helped Treat Malaria #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Patrick Kelly 2023-08-29 | ...

What Was The First Antibiotic?

The Origin of the Stethoscope

Patrick Kelly 2023-07-21 | The first stethoscope was created by a French guy named Rene Laennec. In this video, Patrick Kelly will take a look at how the Paris Clinical School, including physicians like Jean Nicolas Corvisart and Guillaume Dupuytren influenced the medical landscape that the stethoscope was born into.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Sal
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A fully annoyed, line-by-line fact checked script can be found here: patreon.com/posts/fascinating-of-85880751?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link
amazon.com/Stethoscope-Making-Medical-Anna-Harris/dp/178914633X
Main Laennec Source
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570491
Evolution of the Stethoscope (1907)
jstor.org/stable/20295010
Leopold Auennbrugger’s 1761 treatise on percussion in Latin
archive.org/details/leopoldiauenbrug00auen/page/n5/mode/2up
English Translation of Laennec's De L’Auscultation Médiate (1821)
archive.org/details/treatiseondiseas00laen
Reception of the stethoscope and Laennec’s book (1981)
thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/36/7/487.full.pdf
Auenbrugger, Corvisart, and the Perception of Disease (1998)
jstor.org/stable/30053888?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Tapping on the chest of history (2018)
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/15a8/a158db456b71e59c1b36ba1d40c6beb7b6df.pdf

IMAGES
Laennec stethoscope made by Laennec, c.1820. Front 3/4 view of whole object against graduated grey background | Science Museum Group Collection © The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum
Laennec stethoscope made by Laennec, c1820. Labelled as follows: This is one of Laennec's original stethoscopes, and it | Science Museum Group Collection © The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum
Laennec stethoscope made by Laennec, c.1820. | Science Museum Group © The Board of Trustees of the Science Museum, London
Essai sur les maladies et les lésions organiques du coeur et des gros vaisseaux. Extrait des leçons cliniques de J. N. Corvisart / Publié sous ses yeux par C.E. Horeau. Wellcome Collection.
Laennec-type monaural stethoscope, France, 1851-1900. Science Museum, London.
Laennec stethoscope of 1819. Wellcome Collection.
Laennec portrait
Laennec stethoscope, English version. Wellcome Collection.
Incredible collection of CC photos collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co90986/laennecs-stethoscope-stethoscope-monaural-stethoscope

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 Intro
0:26 Background
2:36 Auenbrugger & Corvisart
5:00 Paris Clinical School
7:01 Laennec

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Where does “hair of the dog” come from?

Patrick Kelly 2023-07-14 | #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #plinytheelder

The story of the Newark Boys #historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #pasteur #rabies #history

Patrick Kelly 2023-07-12 | ...

This microbe was discovered by accident

Patrick Kelly 2023-07-10 | Link to the full video youtu.be/WmsYdx7xtMU
#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #miasma #history #pasteur

The Origin of the Rabies Vaccine

Patrick Kelly 2023-07-06 | The history of the rabies vaccine is really the story of scientific vaccines at large. In this video, Patrick Kelly tells the story of the history of rabies in society, the origin of the first rabies vaccine, explains the biology of rabies, and tells the story of the four boys from Newark New Jersey that survived rabies.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Sal F
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line fact checked script can be found here. You don't need to be a Patron to see it. patreon.com/posts/story-of-rabies-85521605

Rabid by Bill Wasik and Monica Murphy (2012)
amazon.com/Rabid-Cultural-History-Worlds-Diabolical/dp/0143123572/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3CVP3K9GVUPIZ&keywords=rabid&qid=1686153091&sprefix=rabid%252Caps%252C204&sr=8-1&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=ec749be41eddbdd714b23ec65dc7ce2b&camp=1789&creative=9325

Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics
amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Rabies Up to Date (UTD access required): uptodate.com/contents/image/print?imageKey=ID%2F113372

Timeline of Vaccines
historyofvaccines.org/history/vaccine-timeline/timeline
Rhabdoviruses ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8618
Acetylcholine ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557825
Rabies textbook (2003) sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123790774500031
Rabies: a possible explanation for the vampire legend (1998)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9748039
Medical inquiries and observations by Bejamin Rush (1805)
collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-2569003R-mvset
America’s first medical breakthrough (1998)
jstor.org/stable/2649773
The first live attenuated vaccines (2020)
nature.com/articles/d42859-020-00008-5
History of Pasteur Institute
pasteurfoundation.org/about/history
Lecture 14 - The Germ Theory of Disease
https://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-234/lecture-14
Louis Pasteur, the father of immunology (2012)
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00068/full
CDC’s History of Anthrax
cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/anthrax-history.html
Rabid Response (2017)
https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=intlstudies_honors
Inoculation Against Hydrophobia in Popular Science Monthly (1886)
archive.org/details/popularsciencemo281886newy/page/n301/mode/2up
Louis Pasteur: Between Myth and Reality (2022) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35454184
Developments in Rabies Vaccines: The Path Traversed from Pasteur to the Modern Era of Immunization (2023)
mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/4/756
Four Thousand Years of Concepts Relating to Rabies (2017)
mdpi.com/2414-6366/2/2/5
Up to date rabies cases
uptodate.com/contents/image/print?imageKey=ID%2F113372
Child survivor of rabies in India case repor (2020)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32744918
Recovery from Rabies in Man (1976)
acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-44
Pasteur and rabies: the British connection (1989)
journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014107688908200813

IMAGES
Pasteur with rabbits: wellcomecollection.org/works/tme22wja/images?id=v9xrn59m

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 Intro
0:39 Biology of Rabies
2:58 Hair of the Dog (Antiquity)
8:32 Vaccines al Pasteur (Vaccine Development)
17:27 Out of La Rage (Public Health)

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Louis Pasteur vs Robert Koch: The History of Germ Theory

Patrick Kelly 2023-05-26 | What is the history of germ theory? Why is germ theory a theory? Why do so many people believe it doesn't exist? What's up with Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Antoine Bechamp, and Joseph Lister?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Sal
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A full line-by-line breakdown can be found here. You don't need to be a Patron to view it: patreon.com/posts/feud-that-made-83437845

Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Passions and Tempers by Noga Arikha
amazon.com/Passions-Tempers-History-Noga-Arikha/dp/0060731176/ref=sr_1_1?crid=E72GWGEWI7CC&keywords=passions+and+tempers&qid=1681100998&sprefix=passions+and+tempers%252Caps%252C214&sr=8-1&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=51c05f59e72dd83831139d93a7405887&camp=1789&creative=9325

Miasma
http://cssterner.nfshost.com/research/files/History_of_Miasmic_Theory_2007.pdf
https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_20_1_2012_9.pdf
books.google.com/books/about/Hippocrates_on_Airs_Waters_and_Places.html?id=0s5fAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
juniperpublishers.com/arr/pdf/ARR.MS.ID.555626.pdf
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1808550/pdf/bullnyacadmed00090-0076.pdf
ijournalhs.org/article.asp?issn=2542-6214%3Byear%3D2016%3Bvolume%3D9%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D20%3Bepage%3D26%3Baulast%3DSamal

Plague and Microscopes
bl.uk/collection-items/micrographia-by-robert-hooke-1665
jstor.org/stable/301787
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7513766
wellcomecollection.org/articles/XGaG2hAAANfAsTGg

Fracastoro & Contagion
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631234
nyamcenterforhistory.org/2013/04/19/syphilis-or-the-french-disease
https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_20_1_2012_9.pdf
google.com/books/edition/Athanasius_Kircher_1602_1680_Jesuit_Scho/29984eQF86UC?hl=en&gbpv=1
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher
scientificamerican.com/article/the-physician-who-presaged-the-germ-theory-of-disease-nearly-500-years-ago

Henle
https://preprint.press.jhu.edu/bhm/sites/default/files/Schickore.pdf
jstor.org/stable/44438524

Pasteur overview: https://oyc.yale.edu/history/hist-234/lecture-14
https://www.pasteur.fr/en/institut-pasteur/history/middle-years-1862-1877
jstor.org/stable/43428369
jstor.org/stable/2900535
jstor.org/stable/23332272

Pasteur vs Bechamp
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532007000500008
mnwelldir.org/docs/history/biographies/Bechamp-or-Pasteur.pdf
wired.com/story/the-19th-century-crank-who-tried-to-tell-us-about-the-microbiome
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0038-23532007000500008
google.com/books/edition/The_Blood_and_Its_Third_Anatomical_Eleme/Tf83AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=antoine+bechamp+terrain+theory&pg=PP8&printsec=frontcover

Lister
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854334

Koch and Opposition
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2595276/pdf/yjbm00143-0072.pdf
cdc.gov/anthrax/basics/anthrax-history.html
jstor.org/stable/24618980
jstor.org/stable/23331663
jstor.org/stable/41108720
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC545348

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

⌛T I M E S T A M P S ⌛
0:00 Intro
1:00 Contagion vs Miasma
5:46 Louis’s Legacy
13:56 Koch vs Pasteur
22:23 Resistance to Germ Theory
26:37 Koch’s Postulates Revisited

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Miasma Theory, Explained

Patrick Kelly 2023-05-02 | Miasma theory was the idea that poisonous, putrid, bad-smelling air spread epidemic diseases. While it was popularized by the Hippocratic School around 400 BCE, it continued to influence medicine until well into the 19th century (and arguably, still does today). In this video, Patrick Kelly will tell the story of miasma theory's origins and how it evolved over time into something called zymotic theory.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🎥 VIDEOS MENTIONED 🎥
youtu.be/KY49V0oLUQg
youtu.be/9k4RzFe6s8o
youtu.be/h2_YBp1Q43I
youtu.be/bALs7kNpNSM

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬My anatomy channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Miracle Cure, the Creation of Antibiotics amazon.com/Miracle-Cure-Creation-Antibiotics-Medicine/dp/0525428100?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=536c2608b02b02e77356edd136b4d016&camp=1789&creative=9325

Passions and Tempers by Noga Arikha
amazon.com/Passions-Tempers-History-Noga-Arikha/dp/0060731176/ref=sr_1_1?crid=E72GWGEWI7CC&keywords=passions+and+tempers&qid=1681100998&sprefix=passions+and+tempers%252Caps%252C214&sr=8-1&_encoding=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=51c05f59e72dd83831139d93a7405887&camp=1789&creative=9325

Miasma
http://cssterner.nfshost.com/research/files/History_of_Miasmic_Theory_2007.pdf
https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_20_1_2012_9.pdf
books.google.com/books/about/Hippocrates_on_Airs_Waters_and_Places.html?id=0s5fAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1&ovdme=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
juniperpublishers.com/arr/pdf/ARR.MS.ID.555626.pdf
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1808550/pdf/bullnyacadmed00090-0076.pdf
ijournalhs.org/article.asp?issn=2542-6214%3Byear%3D2016%3Bvolume%3D9%3Bissue%3D1%3Bspage%3D20%3Bepage%3D26%3Baulast%3DSamal

Black Death
jstor.org/stable/44443424

Plague and Microscopes
bl.uk/collection-items/micrographia-by-robert-hooke-1665
jstor.org/stable/301787
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7513766
wellcomecollection.org/articles/XGaG2hAAANfAsTGg

Fracastoro & Contagion
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631234
nyamcenterforhistory.org/2013/04/19/syphilis-or-the-french-disease
https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_20_1_2012_9.pdf
google.com/books/edition/Athanasius_Kircher_1602_1680_Jesuit_Scho/29984eQF86UC?hl=en&gbpv=1
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher
scientificamerican.com/article/the-physician-who-presaged-the-germ-theory-of-disease-nearly-500-years-ago

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Story of John Snow & the Broad Street Pump

Patrick Kelly 2023-03-05 | The stroy of John Snow, the epidemiologist, is one of the most cliche stories in the history of medicine. Very few sources tell the full story of the 1854 cholera epidemic in London and the Broad Street Pump. In this video, Patrick Kelly will teach you how it happened.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

🔑 P A T R O N S 🔑
Michelle H
Rourou Y
Joanne K
Luna
Joe B
Kristoffer R
Brandon K
Brendan P
Karly N
Ron Blumenfeld
Dane M

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
The Ghost Map by Steven Johnson (buying from this link earns me a little commission bonus at no extra cost to you)
amazon.com/gp/product/1594482691/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=corporis-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1594482691&linkId=082d89d330024ccc969b4b682ae32ec1

On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (1849) collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/cholera/PDF/0050707.pdf

Rivalry of Foulness (1998) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508470/pdf/amjph00022-0105.pdf

Vibrio cholera replication (2022) science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo3013
Intestinal colonization of vibrio cholerae (2015) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440752
Cholera, The Lancet (2012) ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761070

Maps and Myth-Making in Broad Street, The Lancet (2000) thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(00)02442-9/fulltext

Chadwick thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/100519
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2140185

A line-by-line fact check version of the script can be found here: patreon.com/posts/broad-street-and-79549036

Timestamps
0:00 Intro
0:54 1831 Epidemic
9:59 1848 Epidemic
15:46 1854 Epidemic
28:46 1866 Epidemic

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Dark Story of Phrenology

Patrick Kelly 2022-09-12 | Phrenology was a pseudoscience that spanned from the late 1700s to the early 1900s. While it's remembered more as a cultural phenomenon like astrology or horoscopes, it was used to justify terrible events in world history, like the Trail of Tears in the US. In this video, Patrick Kelly will walk you through the rise and fall of phrenology.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Gall and the Phrenological Movement (1947)
jstor.org/stable/pdf/44441152.pdf

Gall on the Cerebellum
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6476975

Phrenology by Courtney E Thompson
https://lps.library.cmu.edu/ETHOS/article/id/482/#fn20

The Dutch Fiddler: Phrenology and Criminology (2004)
researchgate.net/profile/Nicole-Rafter/publication/249720079_The_murderous_Dutch_fiddler_Criminology_history_and_the_problem_of_phrenology/links/5458db810cf26d5090acf53e/The-murderous-Dutch-fiddler-Criminology-history-and-the-problem-of-phrenology.pdf

Crania Americana (1839) by Samuel Morton
collections.nlm.nih.gov/bookviewer?PID=nlm:nlmuid-60411930R-bk

Design Boom phrenology compilation
designboom.com/art/phrenology-brain-infographics

A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/71857479

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

0:00 Introduction
0:39 Phrenology Becomes a Thing
6:06 Phrenology Spreads
10:18 Phrenology in the US
13:02 The Dark Side of Phrenology
17:48 The End of Phrenology

This Crematorium was a HOT MESS | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2022-07-27 | Lancaster, Pennsylvania is home to the first public crematorium in the United States. I visited recently and learned about the building’s history.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Cremation and public health (2015)
jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1525/msem.2015.31.1.88.pdf

Lancaster crematorium registry of historic places
gis.penndot.gov/CRGISAttachments/SiteResource/H000805_01H.pdf

Lancaster Society information
collections.lancasterhistory.org/en/viewer?file=%2fmedia%2flibrary%2fdocs%2fedit_vol89no2pp46_52.pdf#phrase=false

NYT story about first cremation in Lancaster
timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/11/26/109779518.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

Brunetti and Modern Cremation
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00302228211045203?casa_token=M-Po7cK-i94AAAAA%3As6hQKj8grBAWAXOgCW8SQBjuu-6rV3es6lkQ46aPYKki9HN-7_9EHNdieZ3Qv7PFqLdiS30igA&journalCode=omea

A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/69574836

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

How Did We Discover Smoking Causes Cancer? | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2022-07-05 | We all know that cigarette smoking is unhealthy. In modern day, we know it causes lung cancer and heart disease, but that wasn't always the case. How did we figure out that smoking causes cancer?

Watch @KnowingBetter's video here: youtube.com/watch?v=GMOyNgLSX2g

0:00 Introduction
1:04 nice tobacco you got there
4:27 get ready for some gross images...
8:24 more red flags than your college boyfriend
12:56 of course there are Nazis!
15:03 I hope you like text and highlighters
22:54 The Bri'ish Doctuh Stoody luv

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
Doll, Bradford Hill (1954) The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report. British Medical Journal. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2085438/pdf/brmedj03396-0011.pdf

Bradford Hill (1965) The Environment and disease: association or causation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1898525/pdf/procrsmed00196-0010.pdf

Doll (1998) Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective. Statistical Methods in Medical Research journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/096228029800700202?casa_token=sDgiQrghJSYAAAAA:g6X0gnuBmGHJirFRgyjiDByJozF4nEpnfZT0ZZWJiaLdDWe4cPwSlVviMkyC4QukHRa7loZ58Dc2PA

Proctor (2002) Tobacco and Health: expert witness report [USA vs Philip Morris] http://ftp.columbia.edu/itc/hs/pubhealth/p9740/readings/tobacco-proctor.pdf
Proctor (2012) The history of the discovery of the cigarette — lung cancer link: evidentiary traditions, corporate denial, global toll. Tobacco Control. jstor.org/stable/pdf/41515996.pdf

A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/68160695

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Why are Brand Name Drugs more Expensive than Generics? | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2022-04-04 | Why are brand name medications so much more expensive than the generic version? Does the generic version work as well? Why can't we seem to get drug pricing under control? In this video, I'll take you through the history of drug pricing and generic regulation in the United States including events like the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Kefauver Harris Amendment, and the Hatch Waxman Act.

Subscribe to Mia's channel: @MiaMulder
🎤 Leechfest Podcast:
open.spotify.com/show/79uLYrsOsyjUnQ2CLYC9Fg?si=5b9193ae62374f57
podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/leechfest/id1548202934

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/64583734

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

How Arsenic went from Poison to Medicine

Patrick Kelly 2022-02-11 | Arsenic! It’s been used as everything from a poison to an early cancer treatment, and famously, the first cure for syphilis. In this video, I’ll walk you through the history of arsenic in medicine.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/62427294

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Jaundice: a brief history | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2022-01-25 | ...

Was There a Vaccine for the Spanish Flu? (1918 Pandemic) | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2022-01-20 | During the Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (misnomered the Spanish Flu), scientists gave their best effort at creating a vaccine. Unfortunately, their understanding of the flu's biology wasn't quite up to the task.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/58247256

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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The Town that Dodged the Spanish Flu Pandemic (Gunnison, Colorado) | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-12-16 | During the Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (misnomered the Spanish Flu), a handful of escape communities managed to make it through the pandemic with only one death or fewer. I recently got the chance to visit one of those towns — Gunnison, CO.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

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When the Black Death Came to San Francisco | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-11-22 | From 1899 to 1904, San Francisco experienced a plague epidemic that threatened the rest of the United States. It also brought about one of the worst public health responses in public health history.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/58524985

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

Why Do We Use the BMI? History of the Body Mass Index

Patrick Kelly 2021-10-31 | The history of the BMI is… troubled, to say the least. As a health metric, it doesn’t really tell your doctor much information that they couldn’t get in other ways. So why is it still so popular?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/bmi-is-bad-why-57417093

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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How This Flower Became Medicine (Foxglove & Digitalis) | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-10-07 | Digitalis was a common medication in the mid to late 20th century used to treat heart failure. But it has a history as an herbal, or folk remedy.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
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💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
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📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/56361077

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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The Mesentery Mystery

Patrick Kelly 2021-09-30 | ☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📚My favorite books docs.google.com/document/d/1wuG-8EiF2lMbFdEG-9k1qi1d1KZAdGK1o41o7SYed_k/edit?usp=sharing

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2019.00080/full
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316830
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.02935.x
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952118302040?casa_token=rPwMBLGlvusAAAAA:4f2xMRv7rKUaW0GjvZfGJNPP57r30nKImcn9Use4I9GWJ1Shhcpve9Ax-IHvmzH_CVMQdn1kcHQ

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Like the History of Medicine? Read these 10 books | Patrick Kelly

Why Does Electricity Taste Sour?

Patrick Kelly 2021-08-12 | In the early 1800s, the inventor of the battery, Alessandro Volta, conducted experiments where he tasted electricity and noticed it tasted sour. But how does this work?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
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💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/how-cold-war-53075555

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #veritasiumcontest #shorts

The Libertarian Who Turned Himself Blue

Patrick Kelly 2021-08-09 | In 1995, a US senate hopeful named Stan Jones started drinking a moonshine infused with colloidal silver. He turned blue.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
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💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #shorts

The First Aorta Operation

Patrick Kelly 2021-08-05 | How a burst blood vessel and a quick thinking surgeon (Charles Aston Key) led to the first successful aorta operation.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/how-cold-war-53075555

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #shorts

Why Historians Think Mozart was Poisoned

Patrick Kelly 2021-08-02 | There are a few competing ideas guessing how Amadeus Mozart might have died. One of those is poisoning by antimony.

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/how-cold-war-53075555

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory #shorts

The History of the EpiPen | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-07-23 | The EpiPen: one of those devices you always have with you but hope to never have to use. I recently learned that the technology behind the EpiPen owes its design to the technological explosion during the Cold War. So I decided to investigate.

Check out the rest of Project MAD here, a Cold War history collaboration with over 20 great educational channels: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXW18I7joPDPXmfL1zepBNv

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/how-cold-war-53075555

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Doctor Who Gave Himself Gonorrhea #shorts

Patrick Kelly 2021-07-12 | ☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
N/A for #shorts

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Dark Story Behind Grays Anatomy | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-07-01 | Gray's Anatomy (1858) is the most impactful commercially available medical textbook of all time. But how did this incredibly important piece of educational material come to be? Today we'll look at the work of Henry Gray, Henry Vandyke Carter, and the writing process of Gray's Anatomy.

Thank you to Sophie Ward for the voiceover. Find her channel here: youtube.com/channel/UC-Qj80avWItNRjkZ41rzHyw

The main source referenced throughout this book was "The Making of Mr. Gray's Anatomy" by Ruth Richardson. If you would like to buy her book (and support my channel through this affiliate link), click here: amzn.to/2DB2uza

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
docs.google.com/document/d/17YfR5Gi8XAvTeKUMApdsIJaIiNwLjnzXOaRH_bdz9DY/edit?usp=sharing

Public Domain first edition of Gray’s Anatomy wellcomecollection.org/works/tbr7z7kv
Public Domain Spleen book dlcs.io/pdf/wellcome/pdf-item/b2149552x/0#_ga=2.228707612.102523874.1574009649-1108734326.15680872846
Icons Used
Arrow by Anang Taufik from the Noun Project
Calendar by Edward Boatman from the Noun Project

Photo Sources
wellcomecollection.org/works/n8zu4j8u
wellcomecollection.org/works/s9335xbp
iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/V0013817.jpg/full/full/0/default.jpg
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/1852_Davies_Case_Map_or_Pocket_Map_of_London%2C_England_-_Geographicus_-_London-davies-1852.jpg

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

How This Poisonous Plant Became Medicine (Belladonna) | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-06-03 | Of all the poisons of the world, belladonna is one of the most beautifully badass. What started as a feared plant ended up becoming medicine, and then THAT medicine became a lifesaving antidote for certain forms of poisoning. In this video, we’ll break down the story of belladonna and atropine.

Check out BioZone’s video here: youtu.be/8k1pKmKRjdo

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/51157711

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Origins of the Concussion Crisis | Patrick Kelly

Patrick Kelly 2021-05-24 | If you follow American football, you’ve probably heard of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and the risk of concussions. It’s no surprise that football is dangerous, but I was curious as to how much of a “crisis” the concussion crisis is. When did it start? How did we learn about it?

0:00 Storytime
1:45 Antiquity
2:23 Part 1: Asylums and Mental Institution Research
5:23 Part 2: The World Wars and Boxing
11:07 Part 3: American Football's Original Concussion Crisis
16:08 Part 4: CTE and the Modern Crisis
19:35 Part 5: The Future
21:35 Part 6: Is Football Bad?

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/vaccine-script-48256662

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
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#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory

The Greatest Snake Oil Salesman of All Time: The Story of Peruna

Patrick Kelly 2021-05-21 | You’ve heard of snake oil salesmen before. They’re synonymous with quacks and peddlers of junk medicine. But that phrase, /snake oil/ dates back to the era of Patent Medicines, unregulated drugs that ultimately led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration, and the Federal Trade Commission.

Check out Mr. Beat’s video here: youtube.com/watch?v=15X2MhpHDfY
And subscribe while you're at it: youtube.com/channel/UCmYesELO6axBrCuSpf7S9DQ

☠️NONE OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD BE USED AS MEDICAL ADVICE OR OPINION. IT IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT☠️

🔗 L I N K S 🔗
📱Instagram: instagram.com/patkellyteaches
🐦Twitter: twitter.com/PatKellyTeaches
💰Patreon: patreon.com/corporis
🔬Main channel: www.youtube.com/corporis

📜 S O U R C E S 📜
A line-by-line, fact checked version of the script can be found here. You do not have to be a Patron to view:
patreon.com/posts/49802262

💻 C O N T A C T 💻
If you’d like to sponsor a video or have other business inquiries:
patkellyteaches [at] gmail.com

#historyofmedicine #medicalhistory