Name: Units of History - The Balearic Slingers DOCUMENTARY @InvictaHistory
Uploaded: 2024-10-18T08:17:00-05:00
Duration: 8 min 17 s
Description: Units of History - The Balearic Slingers DOCUMENTARY

Units of History - The Balearic Slingers DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2024-10-18 | Units of History - The Balearic Slingers DOCUMENTARY

What Happened When a Roman Soldier Died? #shorts

Invicta 2023-07-03 | Full video: youtu.be/8nLauaMK8XE featuring @ImperiumRomanumYT

This history documentary humanizes the aftermath of a battle by seeing how this actually played out. The aftermath of such conflicts go on for days as armies return to tend to the wounded, collect their dead, loot equipment, and set up monuments. How were family and loved ones notified of a soldier's death?

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Ancient Roman Games" youtube.com/watch?v=l8AFtcNH_-c&t=3s
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtube.com/watch?v=PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

#shorts #history #rome

Who Were the Varangian Guard?

Invicta 2023-06-26 | Full video: youtu.be/0H2Gs87dTfU

This documentary explores one the most famous units of history: the Varangian Guard. The video begins with a brief history on the rise of the Byzantine Empire, following the fall of Rome. We examine the dynamics of the eastern Roman Empire, which interacted with the lands of Scandinavia and the Kievan Rus, relying on river routes that linked the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea. The documentary discusses the history of the Byzantine conflicts with the Kievan Rus which gave rise to the eventual mercenary service of Varangians in the Byzantine army.

How Did Roman Soldiers Level Up? Pay and Promotion in the Legions DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-06-19 | Learn how to make a career in the Roman Army! Thanks to MANSCAPED for sponsoring today's video! Get 20% OFF + Free International Shipping with my promo code "INVICTA" at mnscpd.com/Invicta

We continue our Live History series which seeks to use reenactment to bring the past to life. This was made possible thanks to the awesome team at Imperium Romanum: youtube.com/c/ImperiumRomanumYT

Additional clips were produced in collaboration with "Nova Polaris" and "Veteres Milites Sibiu"

In this history documentary we look at the topics of pay and promotion in the Roman army. This begins with a review of the early Roman Army of the Republic which was a militia based system with neither of these standarzied. However as the state expanded such systems would become necessary, especially with the transition to a fully professional army in the Roman Empire.

We then discuss pay in the Roman Army. This covers everything from their basic salary, to bonuses, and other forms of compensation. We then turn to an understanding of the organization of the Roman Army and how one might advance up the ranks of a legion from a recruit, to a centurion, and beyond.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
02:57 Early Pay & Promotion
05:27 Pay Rates
08:27 Sources of Funding
10:42 Spending Moeny
14:40 Rewards of Service
15:38 Low Level Promotion
19:08 High Level Promotion
21:02 Examples of Careers

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum, Veteres Milites

Works Cited:
Goldsworthy, A. K. (1998). Roman Warfare
Goldsworthy, A. K. (1998). The Roman Army at War, 100 BC-AD 200. Oxford – N.Y.
Duncan-Jones, Richard (1994). Money and Government in the Roman Empire.
Webster, G. (1998). The Roman Imperial Army. London

#history
#documentary
#rome

How Did Hoplites Train for Battle? #shorts

Invicta 2023-06-19 | Full video: youtu.be/J5yp54UnbfI

We step into the shoes of a Greek Hoplite of the 5th century BC to see what it was like to prepare for war. This short looks at various camp activities which helped prepare the men for battle, which included sparring, racing, and bathing. Stay tuned for more live history episodes on the history of ancient Greece!

CREDITS
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels

A huge thanks to our reenactors!
Adam Godfrey (youtube.com/@LeonidasSparta-Fun-History)
Andrew Yamato (thegreekphalanx.org)
David Anthony
Jean Contamine
Patrick Mulhair
Paul Bardunias (hollow-lakedaimon.blogspot.com)
Robin van der Linden (Enyalios)
Till Kazper (linothorax.de)

#shorts #history #documentary

How do Gladiators Perform in Historical Reenactment? #shorts

Invicta 2023-06-15 | Coming soon... Live History videos featuring GLADIATORS!

We are thrilled to collaborate with Legio XII Fulminata, Ludus Aemilius, a Roman reenactment group based in Italy. They have performed gladiatorial fights and shows in amphitheaters and archaeological sites throughout Italy, France, Croatia, and Tunisia. Check out their website and socials!

Website: https://www.legioxii.it/
Instagram: instagram.com/legioxii_ludusaemilius
Facebook: facebook.com/LegioXiiFulminata

What would you be interested in learning about? Sound off! #shorts

How Was the Mongol Army Organized? #shorts

Invicta 2023-06-12 | Full video: youtu.be/Ja5WMZ_g2Hs

This documentary brings to life the True Size of the Mongol Army by leveraging the power of Unreal Engine 5. We begin with the organization of the Mongol Army starting from the level of soldier. Generally speaking, they came in two flavors, the Mongol horse archer and the Mongol horse lancer. These would be grouped into decimal units of increasing size: The Arban (10), the Jaghun (100), the Mingghan (1,000), the Tumen (10,000), and the Chun (30,000). Each of these brought with the additional animals, support staff, and supplies. We bring these all together in various stances from parade rest, to camp life, marching column, and battle order.

Check out our other True Size episodes:
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Empire youtu.be/eR-J_JSBNTI
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Republic youtu.be/MVZZoGEVI58

Credits:
Research = Sophia Ware
Script = Sophia Ware and Invicta
Narration = Guy Michaels
Art = Penta Limited

#shorts #history #military

Mount Vesuvius Eruption (79 AD): The First 24 hrs - Survival and Rescue DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-06-11 | Witness the first day of the Aftermath of the Vesuvius eruption! Go to my sponsor aura.com/Invicta to get a 14-day free trial and see if your personal information has been leaked online.

In this history documentary we bring the Aftermath of Vesuvius to life be recreating the first 24 hrs of the infamous 79 AD eruption and the ensuing Pompeii Disaster.

We begin by exploring what the ancient Romans knew about Volcanoes. It turns out that they were quite familiar with them, especially with the nearby active volcano of Etna in Sicily. As such they developed many explanations for their causes ranging from the religious to the scientific. With regards to Vesuvius itself, the Romans did in fact have records of it having erupted in the distant past but in more recent times it was believed to be dormant.

We then explore the region immediately around the volcano before following the unfolding events when it erupted on one afternoon in late 79 AD. Our story follows the reactions of those in the immediate vicinity, their escape, and the daring rescue efforts which ensued. This is the first 24 hours of the Vesuvius eruption. We will follow up the episode with the events of the following day and conclude the series by looking at its later re-discovery with the Pompeii Ruins and Herculaneum Ruins.

The Mount Vesuvius eruption stands as one of the worst ancient natural disasters of Roman history and is among the top 10 most catastrophic volcanic eruptions in terms of casualties.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
02:18 Ancient Views of Volcanos
06:09 Ancient Explanation of Volcanos
08:44 Lead up to the Eruption
10:27 Eruption
12:12 Escape
13:56 Rescue
17:50 Doom of Pliny

Works Cited:
"The Eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79: Reconstruction from Historical and Volcanological Evidence" by Sigurðsson, Haraldur; Cashdollar, Stanford; Sparks, R. Stephen J.
"Letter LXV. To Tacitus" by Pliny the Younger
"Letter LXVI. To Tacitus" by Pliny the Younger
"Aetna" by Anonymous
"The Complete Pompeii" by Joanne Berry

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#rome

True Size of a Mongol Army - Experience the Endless Horde! DOCUMENTARY

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In this history documentary we bring to life the True Size of the Mongol Army by leveraging the power of Unreal Engine 5. We cover the organization of the Mongol army as well as their war camps, march formations, and battle lines.

The episode begins with the organization of the Mongol Army starting from the level of the Mongol soldier. Generally speaking they came in two flavors, the Mongol horse archer and the Mongol horse lancer. These would be grouped into decimal units of increasing size: The Arban (10), the Jaghun (100), the Mingghan (1,000), the Tumen (10,000), and the Chun (30,000). Each of these brought with the additional animals, support staff, and supplies. We bring these all together in various stances from parade rest, to camp life, marching column, and battle order.

Here are the relevant time stamps:
[00:00] Intro
[2:31] The Mongol Soldier
[4:21] Recruitment and Equipment
[6:16] The Non-Mongol Soldier
[7:53] Arban (10 men)
[10:09] Jaghun (100 men)
[12:47] Mingghan (1,000 men)
[15:14] Tumen (10,000 men)
[19:50] Chun (30,000 men)
[22:30] Army in Camp
[24:14] Army on the March
[25:52] Army in Battle

Stay tuned for more True Size episodes and videos on the history of the Mongols. If you haven't seen them yet, check out our other True Size episodes:
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Empire : youtu.be/eR-J_JSBNTI
True Size of a Roman Legion of the Republic : youtu.be/MVZZoGEVI58

Works Cited:
Historical Dictionary of the Mongol World Empire, Paul D. Buell
Daily Life in the Mongol Empire, George Lane
Mongol Art of War, Timothy May
The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Timothy May
The Mongol Warrior 1200-1350, Stephen Turnbull & Wayne Reynolds
The History of the Mongol Conquests, J.J. Saunders

#history
#documentary
#military

How Did Recruits Join the Roman Army? #shorts

Invicta 2023-06-05 | Full video: youtu.be/6lgzHnHcCDA featuring Veteres Milites and @ImperiumRomanumYT

How did these raw recruits come to join the army of the early Empire? This video reenacts what it was like to join the Roman legion. The process included passing a physical test, proving one's qualifications, and taking a Roman soldier's oath before the commander.

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum, Veteres Milites Sibiu

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Special Forces of the Legions" youtu.be/2JZtbFUD6_E
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk

#shorts #history

The Jugurthine War #3 - The Siege of Zama (109 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-05-31 | The Jugurthine War escalates with the Siege of Zama! Customize your hair regrowth treatment with MDhair! Use my promo code 'INVICTA70' to get your first month of customized products at 70% OFF - bit.ly/invicta-mdhair

In this documentary episode we continue our series on the history of the Jugurthine War. Previously, King Jugurtha had managed to deviously seize the throne of Numidia and thwarted all Roman attempts to interfere through bribery of battlefield ruses. Now however he has met his equal in the form of Consul Metellus. Their clash in the campaign of 109 BC would be the most brutal fight of the war yet with the battle of Muthul and the Siege of Zama.

Stay tuned as we continue to cover the history of this forgotten war in North Africa.

Check out our other Forgotten Wars videos:
Nubian Invasion of Egypt: youtu.be/GIwPxoUuEsU
Roman Invasion of Arabia: youtu.be/Yz5ocjR-GXo
Roman Invasion of Nubia: youtu.be/5u6oQ6rI74Y
The Illyrian Revolt: youtu.be/vbvNk-K-KYU

Sources:
Sallust, The Jugurthine War, XII
Matyszak, The Enemies of Rome
Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius

Credits:
Research = Eric Ten Wolde
Script = Eric Ten Wolde
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#military

What Happened in the Aftermath of the Battle of Thermopylae? #shorts

Invicta 2023-05-29 | Full video: youtu.be/rTNbZrmnIyc

This documentary explores the immediate aftermath of the famous battle of Thermopylae. This famous clash between the Greeks and Persians is always mentioned as a major point in studies of the Greco-Persian Wars. Here, we explore what was the fate of the defeated Greeks were, and how both the Persians and Greek Allies plotted their next moves.

Credits:
Research = Dr. Roel Koninendijk
Script = Dr. Roel Koninendijk
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

#shorts #history #documentary #military

Units of History - Marine Raiders (1942): Birth of the USMC Spec Ops DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-05-26 | Witness the birth of the USMC Special Operations Force with the Marine Raiders of WW2! Play War Thunder for FREE on PC, Xbox Series X|S and PS®5. Use my link (https://playwt.link/invicta ) to download the game and get your exclusive bonus: multiple Premium Vehicles, Premium Account, Boosters and more! See you on the battlefield!

In this Units of History episode we explore the vaunted story of the US Marine Raiders which emerged in WW2 to act as the tip of the spear for offensives against Japan in the Pacific War.

We begin the episode with an overview of the state of the US Marine Corps following the Great War. It was in these years that the forces slowly came into play which would eventually birth the Marine Raiders. One major factor was the development of Amphibious Operations Doctrine which increasingly called for the use of special first wave units meant to soften enemy defenses prior to a landing. To this end, the Marine Corps would begin allocating time and resources towards this effort as war loomed on the horizon in the Pacific. Key to these efforts would be two commanders who ended up leading the First and Second Raider Battalions, namely Merritt Edson and Evans Carlson.

We spend time familiarizing ourselves with the careers of both these men and how their particular personalities would end up shaping their units. Our history documentary then covers the equipment, training, and tactics of the Marine Raiders as the came into being in the months immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

We then cover the service history of the US Marine Raiders from the raid on Making Island to the Battle of Bloody ridge on Guadalcanal. In part 2 we will continue this story with the long raid and their continued operations through 1943.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
03:40 Origins
07:41 Merritt Edson
09:07 Evans Carlson
11:52 Creation
17:36 Equipment
20:25 Organization
23:56 Tactics
25:45 Service History
27:55 Makin Island Raid
32:28 Battle of Tulagi
34:04 Battle of Bloody Ridge
38:59 Aftermath

Credits
Research = Eric Myers
Script = Invicta
Narration = Guy Michaels
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#military

Who Were the Scouts of the Roman Army? #shorts

Invicta 2023-05-22 | Full video: youtu.be/2JZtbFUD6_E featuring Veteres Milites

This live history documentary brings to life the activities of a Roman Scout mission. We begin with an overview of Rome's ancient intelligence services, composed of three layers: the procursatores, exploratores, and speculatores. We then recreate a possible scout mission carried out along the Roman frontier of the Rhine. Here, a scout mission prepares to explore the potential route of the main army, seeking to march out into the lands of Germania.

Credits
Research: Chris Das Neves
Writing: Chris Das Neves
Narration: Guy Michaels
Reenactment: Veteres Milites

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"How to Join the Roman Army" youtu.be/6lgzHnHcCDA
"Real Letters from the Roman Front Line" youtu.be/uaZSfRfg_k0
"What Happened When a Roman Soldier Died?" youtu.be/8nLauaMK8XE
"How did a Greek Hoplite Go to War?" youtu.be/J5yp54UnbfI
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c

#shorts #history

Who were the Jomsviking? #shorts

Invicta 2023-05-15 | Full video: youtu.be/ry_J2IPAZoE

This documentary begins by discussing the historicity of the Jomsvikings. This is important as there is much academic doubt surrounding their story. While they do seem to have existed, discerning fact from fiction in their story proves difficult given our meager written and archeological records. The main takeaway is that this episode should best be taken with a healthy dose of skepticism. With this in mind, we do our best to stitch various narratives together in the most plausible manner for our presentation.

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Artwork = Penta Limited
Editing = Penta Limited

Meet Romes Scouts - Special Forces of the Legions DOCUMENTARY

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In this live history documentary we bring to life the activities of a Roman Scout mission. This begins with an overview of Rome's ancient intelligence services which was composed of three layers: the procursatores, the exploratores, and the speculatores.

We then recreate a possible scout mission carried out along the Roman frontier of the Rhine. Here a scout mission is prepared to explore the potential route of the main army which seeks to march out into the lands of Germania.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
02:18 Rome's Intelligence Network
07:36 Planning a Scout Mission
10:52 Scouting the River
14:04 Scouting the Mountain Pass
16:32 Return to Base

Credits
Research: Chris Das Neves
Writing: Chris Das Neves
Narration: Guy Michaels
Reenactment: Veteres Milites

Sources and Suggested Reading
The Roman Army by Adrian Goldsworthy
Roman Warfare by Adrian Goldsworthy
Intelligence Activities in Ancient Rome by Rose Mary Sheldon
Exploratio: Military & Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople By N. J. E. Austin, N. B. Rankov
Spies and spying in Caesar’s “Bellum Gallicum” by Jane Crawford
The "Missing Dimension" of C. Julius Caesar by Amiram Ezov
The Scouts of the Late Roman Army and a Disputed Etymology by Philip Rance

#UnitsOfHistory
#Rome
#Scouts

How did Roman Soldiers Guard the Watchtower? #shorts

Invicta 2023-05-08 | Full video: youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk featuring @ImperiumRomanumYT
We join Roman soldiers as they take up their watch along the fortified border of the Rhine frontier. We begin with a brief introduction to the Roman Limes which was composed of a network of forts, walls, and outposts. These allowed the Roman army to effectively control hundreds of miles with just a few men. But the key to this system was information with which to properly react to events along the frontier. Thus a vast series of watchtowers was established. This episode focuses on what the experience of manning one of these would have been like.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Letters from the Front Line of the Roman Army" youtube.com/watch?v=uaZSfRfg_k0
"Death of a Roman Soldier" youtube.com/watch?v=8nLauaMK8XE&t=528s
"What was it like to journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits
Research: Chris Das Neves
Writing: Chris Das Neves
Narration: Guy Michaels
Reenactment: Imperium Romanum
Editing: Penta Limited

#shorts #history #rome

The Battle of Suthul - The African Teutoburg (110 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-05-05 | Part 2 in our series on the Jugurthine War. To learn more go to curiositystream.thld.co/invicta_0223 and use code INVICTA to save 25% off today. Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today’s video.

We continue our series on the Jugurthine War which saw the armies of the late Roman Republic attempt to take on the Kingdom of Numidia. In this episode we follow the escalation of tensions as wave after wave of legions are sent to Africa. However one after the other their commanders are turned aside by the brilliant political and military moves of Jugurtha. This culminates in the battle of Suthul whose betrayal and ambush would echoe the later battle of Teutoburg Forest.

Check out our other Forgotten Wars videos:
Nubian Invasion of Egypt: youtu.be/GIwPxoUuEsU
Roman Invasion of Arabia: youtu.be/Yz5ocjR-GXo
Roman Invasion of Nubia: youtu.be/5u6oQ6rI74Y
The Illyrian Revolt: youtu.be/vbvNk-K-KYU

Sources:
Sallust, The Jugurthine War, XII
Matyszak, The Enemies of Rome
Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius

Credits:
Research = Eric Ten Wolde
Script = Eric Ten Wolde
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#rome

Who were the Numidian Cavalry? #shorts

Invicta 2023-05-01 | Full video: youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38

This documentary focuses on the Numidian Cavalry of North Africa. We begin with the origins of this force as it emerged from the ancient tribal groups of present day Algeria, Numidia, and Tunisia. We then talk about their societies and kingdoms which eventually mixed with their neighbors such the Phoenician colonies and Carthage.

Credits:
Research: Vaughn Fenton
Script: Invicta
Narration: Guy Michaels
Art: Penta Limited

What Happened in the Aftermath of Salamis? (480 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-04-29 | Explore the deadly Aftermath of the Battle of Salamis! Thanks to Factor75 for sponsoring today's video. Go to strms.net/InvictaFactorAprYT50 and use code POGINVICTAAPR50 for 50% off your first box!

In this history documentary we continue our Avenging Leonidas series which covers the Second Greco Persian War. We began with the Battle of Thermopylae and the Aftermath of Thermopylae which opened the flood gates for the advance of the Persian Army into Greece that ultimately culminated in the sack of Athens. In our last episode we covered the climactic Battle of Salamis in which the massive navies of both sides clashed for the fate of the war.

Now we take a moment to appreciate the human stories which took place in the hours and days of battle. This includes seeing what defeat of an individual Trireme looked like before expanding this out to look at the defeat of an entire fleet. We then look at the Greek pursuit and rescue operations that followed. And finally we explore the debris strewn site of battle itself.

Sources and Suggested Reading
Campbell, B. (ed). The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World. Oxford University Press, USA, 2013.
Fields, N. Ancient Greek Warship. Osprey Publishing, 2007.
Herodotus & John M. Marincola & Aubrey de Salincourt. The Histories. Penguin, 2003.
Hornblower, S. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, USA, 2012.
Kinzl, K.H. (ed). A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Shepherd, W. Salamis 480 BC. Osprey Publishing, 2010.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
02:12 Nature of a Naval Defeat
03:43 Defeat of a Warship
08:11 Defeat of a Fleet
12:26 The Day After
15:43 Return to Salamis
17:09 Celebrations

Credits:
Research = Invicta
Script = Invicta
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#greek

How Does a Greek Hoplite Prepare for War? #shorts

Invicta 2023-04-24 | Full video: youtu.be/J5yp54UnbfI
We step into the shoes of a Greek Hoplite of the 5th century BC to see what it was like to prepare for war. We begin with a quick discussion of the socio-political status of warriors in ancient Greek history. Next we see what their weapons and armor were like and how these were equipped. This includes everything from their sandals to their greaves, their chest armor, helmets, shields, spears, and more. This includes a look at shield emblems such as the lambda of the Spartan army and the club of Heracles used by Thebes. Finally we look at various camp activities which helped prepare the men for battle. This included sparring, racing, and bathing. Stay tuned for more live history episodes on the history of ancient Greece.

CREDITS
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels

A huge thanks to our reenactors!
Adam Godfrey (youtube.com/@LeonidasSparta-Fun-History)
Andrew Yamato (thegreekphalanx.org)
David Anthony
Jean Contamine
Patrick Mulhair
Paul Bardunias (hollow-lakedaimon.blogspot.com)
Robin van der Linden (Enyalios)
Till Kazper (linothorax.de)

#shorts #history #documentary

Avenging Leonidas - The Battle of Salamis: The Largest Naval Battle in Antiquity (480BC) DOCUMENTARY

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Following the brutal Aftermath of the Battle of Thermopylae a Spartan king lay dead and the city of Athens was in flames. Now the Greek alliance stands on the brink of total defeat. Their last hope of Avenging Leonidas and turning the tides of the Second Greco Persian War lies now with the Battle of Salamis.

In this episode we break down the Herodotus account of this most famous of ancient battles. We begin with the preparations of the armies, followed by the battle plans, the mind games, and the deployment of the fleets before finally unravelling the Battle of Salamis itself.

Sources and Suggested Reading
Campbell, B. (ed). The Oxford Handbook of Warfare in the Classical World. Oxford University Press, USA, 2013.
Fields, N. Ancient Greek Warship. Osprey Publishing, 2007.
Herodotus & John M. Marincola & Aubrey de Salincourt. The Histories. Penguin, 2003.
Hornblower, S. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Oxford University Press, USA, 2012.
Kinzl, K.H. (ed). A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Shepherd, W. Salamis 480 BC. Osprey Publishing, 2010.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
03:05 Athens Has Fallen
04:34 The Greek War Council
07:44 Preparations for Battle
11:20 The Persian War Council
13:57 Themistocles' Trick
15:59 The Battle of Salamis
20:33 The Persian Disaster

Credits:
Research = Invicta
Script = Invicta
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#greek

What were the Carthaginian War Elephants #shorts

Invicta 2023-04-17 | Full video: youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo

This documentary begins with an overview of Carthaginian history and the origin of their war elephants. Next we talk about the equipment of these giant beasts which included armor, howdahs, and mounted warriors. We then look at the battle tactics of war elephants and how they were used in combat by ancient generals like Hannibal Barca. Finally, we cover the service history of the Carthaginian War Elephants against enemies like Rome in the Punic Wars and the famous battle of Zama.

CREDITS
Research: Vaughn Fenton
Script: Invicta
Narration: Guy Michaels
Art: Penta Limited

Rise of the Chaos Dwarfs - The Legion of Azgorh LORE DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-04-14 | Play Total War: Warhammer 3 - Forge of the Chaos Dwarfs: store.steampowered.com/app/2059190/Total_War_WARHAMMER_III__Forge_of_the_Chaos_Dwarfs
Be sure to check out Indypride's channel for Warhammer coverage: youtube.com/@milkandcookiesTW

In this Warhammer Fantasy Lore Documentary we explore the Rise of the Chaos Dwarfs. We first begin with a look at the Ancient Dwarf Empire as it expanded across the mountains of the world millennia ago. However with the coming of Chaos, their northern holds would find themselves cut off and surrounded. Little is known of how these Dwarfs survived such calamitous times. But those who did would emerge twisted and broken, masters of a new dark lord; Hashut.

From this rebirth they would go on to extend their dominion over the Darklands with a new Empire of fire and blood. At the core of their military would be the Legions of Azgorgh and the Infernal Ironsworn who garrison the Black Fortress of the south.

You can take charge of the Chaos Dwarfs in Total War Warhammer 3 with a roster and campaign mechanics that bring them to life like never before.

Credits:
Research = Indypride
Writing = Indypride
Narration = Guy Michaels
Artwork = Penta Limited

Hashut artwork: deviantart.com/trollfeetwalker/art/Hashut-884482995

Suggested Reading:
Tamurkhan: The Throne of Chaos (8th Edition)
White Dwarf Presents Warhammer Chaos Dwarfs
Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay 2nd Edition: Old World Bestiary

#documentary
#totalwar
#warhammer

What Happens when a Roman Soldier Dies? #shorts

Invicta 2023-04-10 | Full video: youtu.be/8nLauaMK8XE featuring @ImperiumRomanumYT
Ancient battles are often depicted in media as the epic climax of some story. When victory is achieved, the music swells, and the screen fades to black. However the reality is that battles are not so tidy. The aftermath of such conflicts go on for days as armies return to tend to the wounded, collect their dead, loot equipment, and set up monuments. In this history documentary, we humanize the aftermath of a battle by seeing how this actually played out.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" - youtube.com/watch?v=l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" - youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" - youtube.com/watch?v=cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" - youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" - youtube.com/watch?v=PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

The Macedonian Silver Shields #shorts

Invicta 2023-04-03 | Full video: youtu.be/csw9uSRjUz8

This animated documentary follows the story of one of the most elite units of history, the Argyraspides: the Silver Shields. We begin the video by taking a look back at their institutional origins. This can be traced back to the early practice in Macedon of having bodyguard units of Hetairoi protect the king in court and on the battlefield. Eventually these would be expanded to form elite units of horse and foot companions during the reforms of Philip the second of Macedon.

Credits:
Researcher: Deuratus
Script: Invicta
Narration: Guy Michaels
Art: Penta Limited

The Jugurthine War - E01 - Romes Most Corrupt War (112 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-03-28 | Documentary on the Jugurthine War! (Ep 01)✅ Install Raid for Free Mobile and PC: clik.cc/uryd0 and get a special starter pack with an Epic champion Kellan the Shrike 🎉
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We continue our series on the Forgotten Wars of Roman history. In this episode we launch ourselves into the Jugurthine War which would prove to be Rome's most corrupt war.

The video begins with a quick recap on Numidian history and its entanglement with Rome. This would occur over the course of the Punic Wars with Carthage where Numidian Cavalry clashed repeatedly with the legions. Famously the Numidians would seal the doom of the Roman legions at the Battle of Cannae but would ultimately turn on Carthage at the Battle of Zama. In the aftermath of the Second Punic War, King Massinissa would lead a united Kingdom of Numidia as a staunch ally of Rome. His son would carry on this tradition. However when the question of who was to suceed him was posed, the answer would precipitate an unravelling of the entire status quo. Here Jugurtha would rise to claim the throne and challenge Rome itself.

Check out our other Forgotten Wars videos:
Nubian Invasion of Egypt: youtu.be/GIwPxoUuEsU
Roman Invasion of Arabia: youtu.be/Yz5ocjR-GXo
Roman Invasion of Nubia: youtu.be/5u6oQ6rI74Y
The Illyrian Revolt: youtu.be/vbvNk-K-KYU

Sources:
Sallust, The Jugurthine War, XII
Matyszak, The Enemies of Rome
Marc Hyden, Gaius Marius

Credits:
Research = Eric Ten Wolde
Script = Eric Ten Wolde
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#rome

Roman Gambling #shorts

Invicta 2023-03-27 | Full video: youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c featuring @ImperiumRomanumYT
Just like us the Romans were constantly looking for ways to make the most of their free time. This often involved playing all kinds of games involving luck, skill, and physical ability. Some will be familiar to us like tic tac toe, chess, and bocce ball. Did you know that the Romans gambled? While technically banned, gambling was popular among the Romans, even among emperors! Watch our full video on ‘Gaming in the Roman Army’ on YouTube to learn more.

Check out our other Live History Episodes:
Roman Army Basic Training - youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
How to did Roman Cataphracts go to War? - youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
Roman Watchtower Duty - youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
Journey Beyond the Rhine Frontier - youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

#history #fyp #shorts #rome

Rise of the Mandalorians - The Crusader Wars (LORE DOCUMENTARY)

Invicta 2023-03-23 | History of the Rise of the Mandalorians and the Crusader Wars. Go to my sponsor aura.com/Invicta to get a 14-day free trial and see if your personal information has been leaked online.

In this lore documentary we explore the history of the Mandalorians. This episode focuses on the Rise of the Mandalorians with their Crusaders and Neo Crusaders.

The video begins with the origins of the Mandalorians which legends trace back to the warring Taung tribes on the primitive world of Coruscant. Following a climactic war, they were forced to abandon the planet, finding a new home in the outer rim. From here the Taung would slowly rebuild their civilization. In doing to they would forge a new warrior culture. These raiders would be given purpose by Mandalore the First who reformed them into the Crusaders. These now launched into the stars.

Over the following centuries, the Mandalorian Crusades would carve a bloody swath of destruction across the Galaxy. At their height, these Crusaders would challenge the Old Republic and go toe to toe with the Jedi. It would be these great Mandalorian Wars which would greatly expedite their military evolution. The two sides would ultimately face off in a climactic war between Mandalore the Ultimate and the Jedi Knight Revan.

Credits:
Research = Sophia Ware
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Artwork = Penta Limited

#mandalorian
#documentary
#history

Viking Berserkers #shorts

Invicta 2023-03-20 | Full video: youtu.be/lVbjaoFDiFk

This documentary explores one of the most famous units of Viking history, the Berserkers. We begin by describing the main traits of a Viking berserker. The first is their animalistic qualities. This is actually tied to the broad trend of animal-human hybrids which appear in civilizations across the world. The Berserkers appear to have emerged from the Norse version of this tradition with their sagas being filled with many instances of Norse gods, legendary figures, and mortals transforming into all kinds of animals. The Berserkers were just a subset of this group.

Check out related videos:
The Jomsvikings Mercenaries: youtu.be/ry_J2IPAZoE
Military Equipment of the Anglo Saxons and Vikings: youtube.com/watch?v=eFZTqAQX2dg

Credits:
Research = Invicta
Script = Invicta
Narration = Guy Michaels
Art: Penta Limited

How to Join the Roman Army? - From Testing to Oath of Service DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-03-19 | How did one join the Roman Army? 💯 Support our channel and get Fishing Clash on your iOS/Android device for free https://fishingclash.link/Invicta! Use my gift code Invicta to get an awesome reward for a total value of $20, and share your biggest catch in the pinned comment!

We continue our Live History series which seeks to use reenactment to bring the past to life. This was made possible thanks to the awesome team at Veteres Milites: youtube.com/@asociatiaculturalaveteresm5443
as well as Imperium Romanum: youtube.com/@UCZXvtZFMfY9Urftv6m22_5Q

In this Live History episode we use roman reenactment to bring to life what it was like to join the Roman Legions. This history documentary begins with the general process of recruitment for the Roman Army before providing a short recreation of the process. This involves passing a physical test, proving one's qualifications, and taking a Roman soldier's oath before the commander.

We hope you enjoyed this history documentary on life and death in the Roman army. Let us know what other topics you would like to see covered next!

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Veteres Milites, Imperium Romanum

#history
#documentary
#military

Roman Training - How to form the Testudo? #shorts

Invicta 2023-03-13 | Full video: youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M featuring @ImperiumRomanumYT
We look at the training involved with getting Roman soldiers to arrange themselves for battle. This began with getting in line and moving together. Then basic commands were learned along with simple maneuvers on flat ground. Eventually this was practiced over more rough terrain. Special formations were also learnt for repelling cavalry and for withstanding missile attacks in a siege with the famous Testudo formation.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"What was it like to journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

#shorts #history #rome

The Forgotten Punic Wars - Greece vs Carthage (481-306 BC) FULL DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-03-09 | Our full documentary on the Greco Punic Wars. Play War Thunder for FREE on PC, Xbox Series X|S and PS®5. Use my link (https://playwt.link/invicta) to download the game and get your exclusive bonus: multiple Premium Vehicles, Premium Account, Boosters and more! See you on the battlefield!

In this history documentary we compile all parts of our series on the forgotten Punic Wars between Greece and Carthage! These would span several centuries and occur alongside the more famous Greco Persian wars occurring to the east. Yet it would be in the west that many massive battles both on land and at sea would be fought including a daring Greek invasion of Africa that would result in the siege of Carthage itself.

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
02:29 The First War (481-480 BC)
14:59 The Second War (410-404 BC)
33:06 The Third War (398-393 BC)
50:44 The Fourth War (383-376 BC)
01:05:12 The Fifth War (345-339 BC)
01:08:48 The Sixth War (345-339 BC)
01:23:01 The Seventh War (311-306 BC)

You can learn more about the armies of Carthage through our Units of History episodes:
How to Raise a Carthaginian Army: youtu.be/8YwWnuSsRTs
The Carthaginian Navy: youtu.be/BlrRAy2RlqM
The Sacred Band of Carthage : youtu.be/oX3y1GYcCEY
Carthaginian War Elephants : youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo
Numidian Cavalry : youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38
Balearic Slingers : youtu.be/3uDtrwNY0Zk

Sources and Suggested Reading:
"The Library of History - Book 19, 20" by Diodorus Siculus
"Philippic Histories - Book 21, 22, 23, 24" by Justinus
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage's Other Wars" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must Be Destroyed" by Richard Miles

Credit:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#military

How Did Carthage Raise its Mercenary Armies? DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-02-25 | A history documentary on how to raise a Carthaginian Army! Thank you to Masterworks for sponsoring this video! Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks: https://masterworks.art/invicta Purchase shares in great masterpieces from artists like Pablo Picasso, Banksy, Andy Warhol, and more. See important Masterworks disclosures: masterworks.com/about/disclosure

In this history documentary we continue to explore ancient Carthage. While prior episodes have looked at its social structure or military campaigns in this episode we marry the two by seeing how Carthage raised its mercenary armies.

We begin with a brief history of Carthage and the Punic military. This begins in its early colonial years when the small town boasted but a small, unremarkable militia. Within a few centuries however the city would blossom and begin to deploy more formidable forces of infantry, cavalry, and chariots. It would be these which fought the early Punic Wars against the Greeks in Sicily. However upon facing devastating losses of citizen life in these conflicts, Carthage reformed its military to rely more on its auxiliaries, allies, and mercenaries. It would be this new army that would win it a vast Empire and come face to face with the Romans.

With this in mind we look at how war was declared, how troops were mustered, and how armed forces were deployed to various theaters of war. Such an understanding will hopefully enrich your study of Carthaginian history and the Punic Wars with Rome.

You can learn more about the armies of Carthage through our Units of History episodes:
The Sacred Band of Carthage : youtu.be/oX3y1GYcCEY
Carthaginian War Elephants : youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo
Numidian Cavalry : youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38
Balearic Slingers : youtu.be/3uDtrwNY0Zk

Sources and Suggested Reading:
"The Library of History - Book 19, 20" by Diodorus Siculus
"Philippic Histories - Book 21, 22, 23, 24" by Justinus
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage's Other Wars" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must Be Destroyed" by Richard Miles

Credit:
Research = Vaughn Fenton
Script = Vaughn Fenton
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

0:00 Intro
2:32 Carthage's Military Evolution
6:35 The Call to War
10:44 Mustering the Troops
11:30 The Auxiliaries
12:55 The Allies
13:40 The Mercenaries
17:26 The Navy
19:31 The Supplies
20:34 Deployment for War

#history
#documentary
#military

What are the Largest Battles of Ancient Greece? (500 BC - 1500 AD) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-02-17 | A history documentary on the data behind the largest battles of Ancient Greece. To learn more go to curiositystream.thld.co/invicta_0223 and use code INVICTA to save 25% off today. Thanks to Curiosity Stream for sponsoring today’s video.

In this history documentary we look look at the history of Greece from Antiquity to the Middle Ages through the lens of its battles. To do so we have collected data on all major battles with recorded figures. We then present these on a graph for context while rendering them in 3D battle dioramas to give you a more real sense of their scale.

The documentary begins in 500 BC at the very outbreak of the Ionian revolt which in turn leads to the Greco Persian wars. It is here that the famous battle of Marathon, battle of Thermopylae, battle of Salamis, and battle of Plataea stand out as some of the most intense conflicts of the period. In the aftermath, the ensuing Peloponnesian war saw battles of higher frequency but lower magnitude. Yet with the rise of the Macedonians and the Roman invasion of Greece both of these would increase. The siege of Corinth and the battle of Pydna in particular stand as massive clashes.

The ensuing Roman era would see few battles but when they did occur, either due to civil war or barbarian invasion, they tended to be quite large. The Roman campaigns into Dacia and Illyria were particularly bloody. Battles then see an uptick in the crisis of the third century and maintain a relatively high level due to the persistent wars between the Byzantines and their rivals. The crusades and the rise of the Ottomans in particular greatly increase the size of battles in the late medieval period.

Finally we summarize the history of ancient greek battles with analytics and compare them to those of other regions such as France and the British Isles. Stay tuned for our next episode as we explore the history of ancient Italy with the explosive rise of the Romans.

Credits
Research = Sophia Ware
Script = Sophia Ware
Narration = Invicta
Artwork = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#greece

Gladiator 2 Reveal! - Everything we know (Cast, Sets, Plot, Leaks)

Invicta 2023-02-07 | Gladiator 2 was just revealed to be set for release on November 22 2024! Let's cover everything we know about the cast, the crew, the script, the sets, and many revealing leaks. We then cover the history which may inform the plot of Gladiator 2.

The long awaited Gladiator sequel is finally coming after more than 20 years of development. In this video we cover the history of its long production journey. This involves many script drafts with all kinds of crazy plots including one in which Russel Crowe is resurrected as Maximus literally in the same way as Jesus or that he is now in a perpetual loop of reincarnation, fighting in the crusades, in World War 2, in Vietnam, and finally ends up in the Pentagon. Thankfully we know from Gladiator leaks and Gladiator rumors that the actual plot has shifted to a more reasonable sequel set 25 years later with a focus on Lucius rather than Maximus. The role seems to be going to David Scarpa from such works as Aftersun, Normal People, and God's Creatures. Various interviews with Ridley Scott, Russel Crowe, and others have also indicated where they might be shooting that gives us a hint of what is to come.

In the second part of this video I plot a course for the plot of Gladiator 2. This involves reviewing the history of the era to see what the writers might choose to work with. We then review the themes and plot threads which might be carried over from the Gladiator Movie. Finally we bring it all together to theorize on what the final Gladiator 2 plot and Gladiator 2 ending might look like.

Let me know what you think!
00:00 Intro
01:46 From Gladiator 1 to 2
16:42 What to expect in Gladiator 2

#history
#gladiator
#gladiator2

What Was Gladiator School Like? - Facilities, Staff, Training, Diet DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-01-28 | We explore what it was like to train in a Roman Gladiator school! Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks: https://www.masterworks.art/invicta Purchase shares in great masterpieces from artists like Pablo Picasso, Banksy, Andy Warhol and more. See important Masterworks disclosures: masterworks.com/about/disclaimer?utm_invicta=invicta&utm_medium=youtube&utm_campaign=1-27-23&utm_term=invicta+Subscriber&utm_content=disclaimer

We continue our series on the History of Gladiators in Ancient Rome. In this episode we take a look at how they were forged in the Gladiator Schools of the Roman Empire. We begin by discussing what a Gladiator School or Ludus looked like including its facilities and staff. Then we discuss how one would join a Gladiator school and rise of the Gladiator ranks from Novice to Primus Paulus.

We then talk about what it was like to actually live in the Ludus over the course of one's career. This famously includes gladiator training and the gladiator diet. But we also discuss the socializing, massages, doctors appointments, pre-fight meals, and other aspects regarding the daily life of a Gladiator in the Ludus. Naturally the high point of these experiences though would be the Gladiator battle scene which unfolded in the mighty arena.

You can catch more Gladiator content in our prior episodes:
Rise of the Gladiators - youtu.be/Z1G5hi7cFiA
Naval Gladiator Games - youtu.be/UQ080fTqYM0
Female Gladiators - youtu.be/MvMHDyRE3ak
A Day at the Games - youtu.be/1oiuvpT1tBE

Works Cited/Recommended Reads
The World of Pompeii eds. John Dobbins and Pedar Fross
Ancient Rome on Five Denarii a Day by Peter Matyszak
Popular Culture in Ancient Rome by Jerry Toner
Emperors and Gladiators by Thomas Wiedemann
Life, Death, and Entertainment in the Roman Empire eds. D.S. Potter and D.J. Mattingly
As The Romans Did by Jo-Ann Shelton
The Roman Games by Alison Futrell
The Victor’s Crown by David Potter
The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy eds. Christer Bruun and Jonathan Edmondson

Credits
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#rome

Real Letters from the Roman Front Lines - What Do They Say? DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-01-26 | A documentary on the letters from the Roman Front Lines. For 21 FREE meals with HelloFresh plus free shipping, use code INVICTA21 at bit.ly/3IQrwgq

We continue our Live History series which seeks to use reenactment to bring the past to life. This was made possible thanks to the awesome team at Imperium Romanum: youtube.com/c/ImperiumRomanumYT

Additional clips were purchased through Pond5 which features the reenactment groups "Nova Polaris" and "Veteres Milites Sibiu"

In this history documentary we explore the process by which Roman soldiers kept in touch with their families and friends. We begin by broadly discussing literacy rates and how one would go about writing a letter in the first place. This involves looking at things like papyrus scrolls, ink pens, and scribes.

We then turn our attention about the way in which these letters were sent across the Roman Empire. This took the form of both public and private couriers. The former consisted primarily of the Cursus Publicus which used a relay of riders to deliver messages across the Empire at incredibly fast speeds. The latter relied primarily on merchants who criss-crossed the Empire at their own pace.

And finally we look at the contents of these Roman letters. This is done by quoting select examples which have been recovered at sites such as Vindolanda in England and Oxyrhnychus in Egypt.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum, Veteres Milites Sibiu

#history
#documentary
#military

Forgotten Wars - The Greek Invasion of Africa (310 BC)

Invicta 2023-01-21 | A history documentary on the forgotten Greek invasion of Africa! Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Avoid algorithms. Be well informed. Download the free Ground News app at https://ground.news/invicta

In this animated history documentary we continue our coverage of the Punic Sicilian Wars. This episode covers the Seventh Punic Sicilian War which saw Agathocles rise as tyrant of Syracuse to challenge Carthage once more. Yet unlike his predecessors, he would raise the stakes of this conflict by launching an invasion of north Africa. This Greek invasion would see the very capital of Carthage put to siege. But the siege of Carthage was just the start of Agathocles' ambitious campaign to take North Africa from the enemy.

You can learn more about the armies of Carthage through our Units of History episodes:
The Sacred Band of Carthage : youtu.be/oX3y1GYcCEY
Carthaginian War Elephants : youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo
Numidian Cavalry : youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38
Balearic Slingers : youtu.be/3uDtrwNY0Zk

Sources and Suggested Reading:
"The Library of History - Book 19, 20" by Diodorus Siculus
"Philippic Histories - Book 21, 22, 23, 24" by Justinus
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage's Other Wars" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must Be Destroyed" by Richard Miles

Credit:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#military

Punic-Sicilian Wars ⚔️ The Battle of Crimissus - Last Stand of the Sacred Band (339 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-01-11 | Thanks to Bespoke Post for sponsoring this video! New subscribers get 20% off their first box of awesome — go to bespokepost.com/invicta20 and enter code INVICTA20 at checkout.

In this animated history documentary we continue our coverage of the Punic Sicilian Wars. This episode covers the Sixth Punic Sicilian War which revolved around the rise of Timoleon. He was actually a Corinthian noble who had answered the call of Syracuse to save their city from the chaos which engulfed it. Though he arrived with just a few men about 7 ships, Timoleon quickly outplayed his rivals claim the throne of Syracuse. Yet rather than rule as a despot he restored democracy to the city while chasing out the tyrants of neighboring Greek cities. But his greatest challenge would come when it came to taking on the Carthaginians.

This campaign would come to a head in 339 BC at the Battle of Crimissus when Timoleon led a small army of 10,000 against a Punic force more than five times their size!

Stay tuned for our final episode on the conclusion of the Punic Sicilian Wars. You can learn more about the armies of Carthage through our Units of History episodes:
The Sacred Band of Carthage : youtu.be/oX3y1GYcCEY
Carthaginian War Elephants : youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo
Numidian Cavalry : youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38
Balearic Slingers : youtu.be/3uDtrwNY0Zk

Sources and Suggested Reading:
"The Library of History - Book 19, 20" by Diodorus Siculus
"Philippic Histories - Book 21, 22, 23, 24" by Justinus
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage's Other Wars" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must Be Destroyed" by Richard Miles

Credit:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#military

New Roman Emperor Sponsian (Real or Fake?) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2023-01-04 | Is the "new" Emperor Sponsian real or fake? Technology is power, discover Rise of Kingdoms at bit.ly/ROKTECH_Invicta
Check out the ROK x Feeding America charity campaign at charity-rok.lilith.com/?kol=Invicta , the more friends you invite on the battlefield, the more ROK will donate!

The full research article about the coins of Emperor Sponsian can be found here: journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274285#sec002

"Authenticating coins of the ‘Roman emperor’ Sponsian" by Paul N. Pearson , Michela Botticelli, Jesper Ericsson, Jacek Olender, Liene Spruženiece
Published: November 23, 2022

In this history documentary we take a look at the history of the Sponsian coins. This begins with their discovery in 1713 within a coin hoard found in Transylvania. Initially hailed as proof of a new emperor they were soon questioned and dismissed as fakes by experts. This concensus would stand for two centuries. However recent studies of these ancient gold coins now indicate that they might be real and that Emperor Sponsian existed. We explore the research article which brought this to light and discus what can be concluded from their work. A shoutout to the Rough Roman Memes page for raising awareness of Sponsian in the best way possible!

Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
01:41 The Initial Discovery
04:24 The Coins are Fake
06:15 Coin Forgeries
08:06 New Research
09:15 The Coins Are Real
11:14 Not So Fast
12:23 The Sponsian Hypothesis

#history
#documentary
#rome

Romans on the March #shorts #history #rome

Invicta 2023-01-02 | How did Roman soldiers march to war? Learn more about the life of a Legionary through our sponsor Wondrium! Signup for your FREE trial here: http://ow.ly/bWVX50LVqUA

In this Roman history short we discuss the funerary practices which occurred when a Roman soldier died. This is part of a full video on the subject which includes discussions of the aftermath of battle.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

Punic-Sicilian Wars ⚔️ Revenge of Dionysius (396-367 BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2022-12-30 | A history documentary on the Fourth and Fifth Punic Sicilian War. Thank you to Masterworks for sponsoring this video! Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks: https://masterworks.art/invicta Purchase shares in great masterpieces from artists like Pablo Picasso, Banksy, Andy Warhol, and more. See important Masterworks disclosures: masterworks.com/about/disclosure

Having stood his ground against Carthage in the Third Punic Sicilian War, Dionysius of Syracuse now takes the offense in a series of wars which expand beyond the bounds of Sicily. This includes an invasion of Italy, sending troops to aide the Spartans in Greece, and restoring King Alcetas to the throne of Epirus. However the true goal of Dionysius was always to become master of Sicily and he eventually renewed his wars with Carthage. These would result in ever more massive battles which saw the fortunes of war swing wildly between both sides.

You can learn more about the armies of Carthage through our Units of History episodes:
The Sacred Band of Carthage : youtu.be/oX3y1GYcCEY
Carthaginian War Elephants : youtu.be/hDSRHGFCWEo
Numidian Cavalry : youtu.be/3tv7EbkrX38
Balearic Slingers : youtu.be/3uDtrwNY0Zk

Sources and Suggested Reading:
"The Carthaginians" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage's Other Wars" by Dexter Hoyos
"Carthage Must Be Destroyed" by Richard Miles

Credit:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Invicta
Art = Penta Limited

Time Stamps:
00:00 1. Intro
02:10 2. Wars in Eastern Sicily
04:03 3. Siege of Tauromenium
06:42 4. War with Carthage
10:16 5. War with Italy
12:55 6. Fourth Punic-Sicilian War
16:05 7. Fifth Punic-Sicilian War

#history
#documentary
#military

Units of History - The Praetorian Guard DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2022-12-26 | A history documentary on the Praetorian Guard. Start building your own Roman Praetorians and get 20% off with our exclusive Victrix miniatures link: victrixlimited.com/invicta

In this history documentary we explore the legendary Praetorian Guard of the Roman Army. We begin with their origins which had its start in a tradition of bodyguard troops dating back to the Roman monarchy. In these early years, chieftains would have their elite retinue by their side both in peace and in war. During the early Republic, it became practice for allied latin units to be selected as a part of the Extraordinarii which were to camp besides a Roman general in camp and be at his direct disposal. In later years, powerful Roman generals would begin forming their own bodyguard troops such as Caesar's Germanic cavalry which accompanied him throughout the Gallic Wars. At the end of the Republic, so called Cohors Praetoriae would be used by both Augustus and Mark Antony in their civil war. In the aftermath Augustus would merge these units and institutionalize them as an important part of his new regime. From then on, the Praetorian Guard would play a key part in the history of the Roman Empire, especially when they became involved with politics in Rome and in the transitions of power therein.

Literary Sources:
"The Praetorian Guard" by Boris Rankov
"The Praetorian Guard" by Sandra Bingham
"Legions of Rome" by Stephen Dando-Collins
"Uniforms of the Roman World" by Kevin Kiley
"The Complete Roman Army" by Adrian Goldsworthy
"Roman Military Equipment" by M.C. Bishop
"Augustus" by Anthony Everitt

Credits:
Research = Invicta
Script = Invicta
Narration = Guy Michaels
Art = Penta Limited

#history
#documentary
#rome

How Big Were Classical vs Medieval Battles? ⚔️ Part 1 - England & France ⚔️(3D) Documentary

Invicta 2022-12-23 | We investigate the size difference of Classical vs Medieval Battles! Build your own Ancient Empire with Knights of Honor II: Sovereign thqn.net/3gU9OgI

In this 3D history documentary we seek to seek to explore the size of massive battles across 2,000 years. To do so we have gathered a data set of all major battles (more than 2,500 participants) which either have explicit numbers stated or which can be approximated in size by the description of our sources. In doing so we can derive fascinating insights about ancient warfare. However we should note that this data set is highly limited and prone to bias. We have therefore attempted to use the average estimated figures of historians when possible and will only be looking at broad trends.

In this episode we begin our study by looking at the size of battles in the British Isles and Western Europe. Whilst covering the British Isles we look at such events as the Roman Invasion of Britain, the Battle of Mons Graupius, the Invasion of the Great Heathen Army, the Battle of Edington between the VIkings and the Anglo Saxons, the Battle of Hastings between the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans, and finally the Battle of Towton during the War of the Roses between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.

Whilst covering Western Europe (Gaul/France) we cover the Battle of Aurosio between the Roman Army and the Germanic Tribes, Caesar's Gallic Wars, the Battle of Alesia, the Battle of Chalons, the Battle of the Cataluanian Fields between the Western Romans and the Huns, the Battle of Tours between the Franks and the Umayyad Caliphate, and the Battle of Agincourt from the Hundred Years War.

All together its a vast set of data but which yields great insight into the history of each region. What areas and periods should we cover next?

#history
#documentary
#military

Funeral of a Roman Soldier #shorts #history #rome

Invicta 2022-12-21 | What was a Roman military funeral like? Learn more about Pagan religion through our sponsor Wondrium! Signup for your FREE trial here: http://ow.ly/bWVX50LVqUA

In this Roman history short we discuss the funerary practices which occurred when a Roman soldier died. This is part of a full video on the subject which includes discussions of the aftermath of battle.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

What Happened When a Roman Soldier Died? DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2022-12-19 | What happened when a Roman Soldier died? Learn more about ancient religion through our sponsor Wondrium! Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/Om4k50LVqu1

We continue our Live History series which seeks to use reenactment to bring the past to life. This was made possible thanks to the awesome team at Imperium Romanum: youtube.com/c/ImperiumRomanumYT

Ancient battles are often depicted in media as the epic climax of some story. When victory is achieved, the music swells, and the screen fades to black. However the reality is that battles are not so tidy. The aftermath of such conflicts go on for days as armies return to tend to the wounded, collect their dead, loot equipment, and set up monuments. In this history documentary on the Roman Army we seek to humanize the aftermath of a battle by seeing how this actually played out.

We begin by covering the life of a Roman legionary. This started from their recruitment into the Roman army, followed by years of service involving army training, exercise, civil tasks, patrols, watchtowers duty, and more. Eventually they would make their way to battle. Here the Roman Army tended to come out on top but that did not stop an unlucky few from drawing the statistical short straw of battlefield attrition. Thankfully the Roman army doctor was one of the best trained in the world and army medics could provide excellent care. But even they could not save everyone.

We then cover the process of recovering the dead which included checking their dog tags and passing on this information to the army scribes. We then cover the process of notifying the family and friends of a soldier. The rest of the video covers funerary practices and other activities which took place in accordance with ancient religion and roman religion.

We hope you enjoyed this history documentary on life and death in the Roman army. Let us know what other topics you would like to see covered next!

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army" youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"Roman Army Training" youtu.be/cIEbLk9km1M
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"Journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Credits:
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels
Reenactment = Imperium Romanum

#history
#documentary
#military

How Did a Greek Hoplite Go to War? (5th Century BC) DOCUMENTARY

Invicta 2022-12-14 | Find out how a Greek Hoplite prepares for war ➡ Start taking care of your skin: Click here http://tiege.com/invicta2 to get 30% off your first Tiege Hanley box plus a FREE gift!🎁

In this live history documentary we step into the shoes of a Greek Hoplite of the 5th century BC to see what it was like to prepare for war. We begin with a quick discussion of the socio-political status of warriors in ancient greek history. Next we see what their weapons and armor were like and how these were equipped. This includes everything from their sandals to their greaves, their chest armor, helmets, shields, spears, and more. This includes a look at shield emblems such as the lambda of the Spartan army and the club of heracles used by Thebes. Finally we look at various camp activities which helped prepare the men for battle. This included sparring, racing, and bathing. Stay tuned for more live history episodes on the history of ancient greece.

(Note: this documentary was filmed on the actual site of the Battle of Plataea from the Second Greco Persian War)

CREDITS
Research = Chris Das Neves
Script = Chris Das Neves
Narration = Guy Michaels

A huge thanks to our reenactors!
Adam Godfrey (youtube.com/@LeonidasSparta-Fun-History)
Andrew Yamato (thegreekphalanx.org)
David Anthony
Jean Contamine
Patrick Mulhair
Paul Bardunias (hollow-lakedaimon.blogspot.com)
Robin van der Linden (Enyalios)
Till Kazper (linothorax.de)

#military
#history
#documentary

Roman Border Patrol #shorts #history #rome

Invicta 2022-12-10 | Full video: youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
The Roman Empire was anchored along several important frontiers along the Rhine and Danube rivers. But what was it like to patrol these borders?

In our latest "Live History" video collaboration with Imperium Romanum we take a closer look at basic training in the Roman army.

Check out more videos in our live history series:
"Gaming in the Roman Army"
youtu.be/l8AFtcNH_-c
"How Did Roman Cataphracts Prepare for War?" youtu.be/Ip1H5std7Gs
"What was Watchtower Duty like on the Roman Frontier?" youtu.be/dLp62Tcc0Pk
"What was it like to journey beyond Rome's Rhine Frontier?" youtu.be/PYvFjMcWv5w

Citation Needed: Ancient Apocalypse Debunked

Invicta 2022-12-10 | Our Speakers are Sophia and Chris and Christina with special guest speakers Archeologist Dr. Betsy Bevis and Conspiracy Expert Mike Hall.

We will be holding this stream on the last Friday of every month. In this stream we will cover the episodes that we released this month and we'll give our researchers and audience some time to interact

Join us next time!

Citation Needed: Ancient Apocalypse Debunked