Uploaded October 2023 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
!! This experiment uses high voltage, experiment at your own risk and only if you know how to handle high voltage !!
I used that signal transformer because I wanted to show that we don't need more expensive tools to show us this Earth grounding currents.
3 key-points to all this experiments:
1) The higher the potential difference (voltage), the higher the Earth grounding current
2) The higher the rate of change of Volts in time(dV/dt ) of that potential difference, the higher the grounding current.
3) The amount of stored charge (Coulombs) is not helping us, rather causing a lower dV/dt with the result of less Earth grounding current, if I compare to same potential difference for the same circuit.
(resistance of circuit could play a roll, higher local discharge current because of more charge stored charge will lead to more potential difference loss across that resistance (dV). So at the moment I can not exclude it completely.)
Circuit can be found at: photos.app.goo.gl/mtqQNja6N3wLoAXx6
Some Quotes on the book that I'm now trying to understand:
Quote1:
The advantage of this apparatus was the delivering of energy
at short intervals whereby one could increase activity, and
with this scheme I was able to perform all of those wonderful
experiments which have been reprinted from time to time in the
technical papers. I would take energy out of a circuit at
rates of hundreds or thousands of horsepower. In Colorado, I
reached 18 million horsepower activities, but that was always
by this device: Energy stored in the condenser and discharged
in an inconceivably small interval of time. You could not
produce that activity with an undamped wave.
**** The damped wave is of advantage because it gives you, with a generator of
1 kilowatt, an activity of 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, or 5,000 kilowatts;
whereas, if you have a continuous or undamped wave,
1 kilowatt gives you only wave energy at the rate of 1 kilowatt
and nothing more. That is the reason why the system with
a quenched gap has become popular. ****
Quote2:
Thus, if you store in the condenser energy at
the rate of 100 kilowatts, and then discharge it in oscillations
of 250,000 per second, it means that you have to multiply
these 100 kilowatts with 1 million; therefore, you have
a 100 million kilowatt rate as the current discharges.
**** So, all these effects which were produced, and which elicited, of
course, great wonderment of the profession, were always
produced by damped waves, because with the undamped waves it
would not have been possible to attain any such activities. ****
So what are dampened/undamped waves?
Quote3:
I produced these continuous waves in several ways; but
before I answer that question, let me define what a continuous
or undamped wave means. That is so elastic a term, and there
is such confusion in this respect, that unless I elucidate
that a part of my remarks will not be understood.
I have pointed to this already, and I have given a
mechanical analogue by a bell. If you put a bell in mercury
a dense, heavy medium, and you attempt to make this bell
vibrate, you will find that, unless the blows of the hammer
with which you try to keep the bell swinging are delivered in
a very rapid succession, the vibrations of the bell will die
out between the successive blows. But,
**** if you take a bell and put it in a vacuum, with no resistance, with nothing to take
up energy, then you can tap the bell once in every half hour
and still it will ring with practically the same note, the
same intensity. Therefore, before we talk of these continuous
or undamped waves, we must realize what conditions there existed
to keep up waves of this character. ****
It makes a vast difference. In one apparatus the waves will die out quickly;
in another one, they will not. Even when I operated as in
some instances with a few of these hammer blows, even then,
owing to the design of my circuit, the waves were practically
continuous; but I have had several ways of obtaining absolutely
undamped waves, irrespective of the manner in which the
energy was taken out from them.
Result:
So now I'm confused.
According to the text undamped waves are free oscillations but it's not possible to get power amplification with them.
This can only be if there's another technique or influence in the back ground like the short cutting of capacitor will induce Earth ground currents on a single connection to Earth ground.
!! This experiment uses high voltage, experiment at your own risk and only if you know how to handle high voltage !!
I used that signal transformer because I wanted to show that we don't need more expensive tools to show us this Earth grounding currents.
3 key-points to all this experiments:
1) The higher the potential difference (voltage), the higher the Earth grounding current
2) The higher the rate of change of Volts in time(dV/dt ) of that potential difference, the higher the grounding current.
3) The amount of stored charge (Coulombs) is not helping us, rather causing a lower dV/dt with the result of less Earth grounding current, if I compare to same potential difference for the same circuit.
(resistance of circuit could play a roll, higher local discharge current because of more charge stored charge will lead to more potential difference loss across that resistance (dV). So at the moment I can not exclude it completely.)
Circuit can be found at: photos.app.goo.gl/mtqQNja6N3wLoAXx6
Some Quotes on the book that I'm now trying to understand:
Quote1:
The advantage of this apparatus was the delivering of energy
at short intervals whereby one could increase activity, and
with this scheme I was able to perform all of those wonderful
experiments which have been reprinted from time to time in the
technical papers. I would take energy out of a circuit at
rates of hundreds or thousands of horsepower. In Colorado, I
reached 18 million horsepower activities, but that was always
by this device: Energy stored in the condenser and discharged
in an inconceivably small interval of time. You could not
produce that activity with an undamped wave.
**** The damped wave is of advantage because it gives you, with a generator of
1 kilowatt, an activity of 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, or 5,000 kilowatts;
whereas, if you have a continuous or undamped wave,
1 kilowatt gives you only wave energy at the rate of 1 kilowatt
and nothing more. That is the reason why the system with
a quenched gap has become popular. ****
Quote2:
Thus, if you store in the condenser energy at
the rate of 100 kilowatts, and then discharge it in oscillations
of 250,000 per second, it means that you have to multiply
these 100 kilowatts with 1 million; therefore, you have
a 100 million kilowatt rate as the current discharges.
**** So, all these effects which were produced, and which elicited, of
course, great wonderment of the profession, were always
produced by damped waves, because with the undamped waves it
would not have been possible to attain any such activities. ****
So what are dampened/undamped waves?
Quote3:
I produced these continuous waves in several ways; but
before I answer that question, let me define what a continuous
or undamped wave means. That is so elastic a term, and there
is such confusion in this respect, that unless I elucidate
that a part of my remarks will not be understood.
I have pointed to this already, and I have given a
mechanical analogue by a bell. If you put a bell in mercury
a dense, heavy medium, and you attempt to make this bell
vibrate, you will find that, unless the blows of the hammer
with which you try to keep the bell swinging are delivered in
a very rapid succession, the vibrations of the bell will die
out between the successive blows. But,
**** if you take a bell and put it in a vacuum, with no resistance, with nothing to take
up energy, then you can tap the bell once in every half hour
and still it will ring with practically the same note, the
same intensity. Therefore, before we talk of these continuous
or undamped waves, we must realize what conditions there existed
to keep up waves of this character. ****
It makes a vast difference. In one apparatus the waves will die out quickly;
in another one, they will not. Even when I operated as in
some instances with a few of these hammer blows, even then,
owing to the design of my circuit, the waves were practically
continuous; but I have had several ways of obtaining absolutely
undamped waves, irrespective of the manner in which the
energy was taken out from them.
Result:
So now I'm confused.
According to the text undamped waves are free oscillations but it's not possible to get power amplification with them.
This can only be if there's another technique or influence in the back ground like the short cutting of capacitor will induce Earth ground currents on a single connection to Earth ground.
