UQx Denial101x Full Interview with Jon Bridle @denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial Dr Jon Bridle explains the limitations of organisms' and ecosystems' ability to adapt to rapid climate change. He focuses on his research in Brown Argus butterflies but also discusses humans' dependence on the environment and the importance of biodiversity to our economy and food systems. He concludes with some advice about how scientists might better communicate their work to the public.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

updated 9 years ago

UQx Denial101x Full Interview with Jon Bridle

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-07-16 | Dr Jon Bridle explains the limitations of organisms' and ecosystems' ability to adapt to rapid climate change. He focuses on his research in Brown Argus butterflies but also discusses humans' dependence on the environment and the importance of biodiversity to our economy and food systems. He concludes with some advice about how scientists might better communicate their work to the public.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

DENIAL101x FLICC The Techniques of Science Denial Part 1

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2020-03-10 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

DENIAL101x FLICC The Techniques of Science Denial Part 2

DENIAL101x FLICC The Techniques of Science Denial Part 3

Why we can trust climate models

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2018-04-11 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Critical Cafe Bloopers

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2018-02-10 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Critical Thinking Cafe

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2018-02-06 | Video abstract for paper "Deconstructing climate misinformation to identify reasoning errors" published in Environmental Research Letters by John Cook, Peter Ellerton, and David Kinkead.

Full paper available at http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa49f

UQx Denial101x Winnifred Louis Full Interview

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2017-07-10 | Associate Professor Winnifred Louis is a social psychologist at the University of Queensland studying identity and decision making. She explains that climate change is part of a political divide, therefore climate science communication should be informed by the psychology of communication in conflict. She gives concrete examples of effective and ineffective messaging.

As. Prof. Louis is an active researcher. She would like to hear your feedback on this interview, especially if you will use it to modify messaging about your work going forward or if you have other theories of effective activism to test. You may contact her at w.louis@psy.uq.edu.au.

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

UQx Denial101x Full Interview with Camille Parmesan

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2017-07-04 | Camille Parmesan studies the effects of climate change on species distributions. Here she discusses how she got into her career, what her research has shown, and how she communicates her work to different audiences.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Rational Arguments - Peter Ellertons Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-09-15 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

UQx Denial101x Interview with Peter Ellerton

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-09-15 | Peter Ellerton, University of Queensland Director of the Critical Thinking Project, introduces us to critical thinking in argumentation. He explains what it means for an argument to be "valid" or "sound," how values can form an essential part of a logical argument, and describes some logical fallacies as they apply to deductive and inductive reasoning.

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx Denial101x 4.2.6.2 From The Experts: The Past

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-09-08 | Experts explain how and where we get our information about ancient climate. In this video: Tim Osborn, Michael Mann, Katrin Meissner, Dan Lunt, Isabella Velicogna.

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

Values in Argumentation - Peter Ellertons Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-09-06 | Dr Peter Ellerton is the director of the University of Queensland Critical Thinking Project. His full interview forms part of week 6 of Denial101x, where he talks about rational thinking, argumentation, and some common logical fallacies.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

From the experts: Moving past barriers to change (UQx DENIAL101x 6.2.6.1)

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-16 | This collection of expert interviews features Sir David Attenborough, Professor Stephen Lewandowsky, Professor Jeremy Kerr, Professor Steven Sherwood, Associate Professor Lisa Alexander, Professor Ullrich Ecker, Matthew England, Professor Simon Donner and Dr Kevin Trenbarth. About Denial101x...

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a massive open online course (MOOC) from UQx and edX. Denial101x isn’t just a MOOC about climate change; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x 4.4.2.1 Climate model success stories

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Climate models have consistently made successful predictions. Here Dana Nuccitelli shows us some examples of successful climate model predictions. Subtitles available: ENGLISH, SLOVENŠČINA (Slovenian)

About Denial101x:

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a massive open online course (MOOC) from UQx and edX. Denial101x isn’t just a MOOC about climate change; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

Additional resource - Gavin Schmidt's Ted Talk "The emergent patterns of climate change" http://www.ted.com/talks/gavin_schmidt_the_emergent_patterns_of_climate_change

References for this video:

Success Stories

Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R.T. (1967). Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 24, 241–59. http://go.owu.edu/~chjackso/Climate/papers/Manabe_Wetherald_1967_Thermal%20equilibrium%20of%20the%20atmosphere%20with%20a%20given%20distribution%20of%20relative%20humidity.pdf

Sawyer, J. S. (1972). Man-made carbon dioxide and the “greenhouse” effect. Nature, 239(5366), 2. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~eps5/writing_assignment/CLIMATE_BKGD/Sawyer_Nature_1972.pdf

Broecker, W. (1975). Climatic change: Are we on the brink of a pronounced global warming? Science, 189(4201), 460–63.

J. Hansen et al. (1981). Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science, 213(4511), 957–66. https://atmos.washington.edu/2003Q4/211/articles_optional/Hansen81_CO2_Impact.pdf

Hansen, J., Fung, I., Lacis, A., Rind, D., Lebedeff, S., Ruedy, R., ... & Stone, P. (1988). Global climate changes as forecast by Goddard Institute for Space Studies three‐dimensional model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012), 93(D8), 9341-9364. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~eps5/writing_assignment/CLIMATE_BKGD/Hansen_1988_keypaper.pdf

Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. gfdl.noaa.gov/bibliography/related_files/sm7503.pdf

Stouffer, R. J., Manabe, S., & Bryan, K. (1989). Interhemispheric asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of atmospheric C02. Nature, 342, 660-662. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/bibliography/related_files/rjs8901.pdf

Not so Successful Stories Put into Context:

Don Easterbrook. Don Easterbrook’s AGU Paper on Potential Global Cooling. http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/29/don-easterbrooks-agu-paper on-potential-global-cooling/. Dana wrote an article about this in 2011: “Lessons from past predictions: Don Easterbrook” available at http://www.skepticalscience.com/lessons-from-past-climate-predictions-don-easterbrook.html

J. McLean. Statement: COOL YEAR PREDICTED: Updated with LATEST GRAPH. http://climaterealists.com/index.php?id=7349 . Dana wrote an article about this in 2011: “The day after McLean” available at http://www.skepticalscience.com/mclean-exaggerating-natural-cycles.html

S.-I. Akasofu. (2010). On the Recovery from the Little Ice Age. Natural Science, 2(11): 1211–24. Link to paper (note the rather short timespan between Received 28 July 2010; revised 30 August 2010; accepted 3 September 2010) Dana wrote an article about this in 2011 “Lessons from past predictions: Syun-Ichi Akasofu” available at http://skepticalscience.com/lessons-from-past-climate-predictions-akasofu.html

Loehle, C., & Scafetta, N. (2011). Climate Change Attribution Using Empirical Decomposition of Climatic Data. Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 5, 74-86. http://www.ask-force.org/web/Global-Warming/Loehle-Climate-Change-2011.pdf Dana wrote an article about this in 2011 “Loehle and Scafetta Play Spencer's Curve Fitting Game” available at http://www.skepticalscience.com/loehle-and-scafetta-play-spencers-curve-fitting-game.html

UQx DENIAL101x 4.2.1.1 Modern vs. past climate change

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Peter Jacobs explains all the human fingerprints that have convinced scientists that climate change today is being caused by humans.Subtitles available: ENGLISH, SLOVENŠČINA (Slovenian)

About Denial101x:

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a massive open online course (MOOC) from UQx and edX. Denial101x isn’t just a MOOC about climate change; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

References for this video:

Bond, D. P. G., & Wignall, P. B. (2014). Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions: An update. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 505, SPE505–02. http://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2505(02)

Fröhlich, C. (2011). Total Solar Irradiance: What Have We Learned from the Last Three Cycles and the Recent Minimum? Space Science Reviews, 176(1-4), 237–252. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9780-1

Kaufman, D. S., Schneider, D. P., McKay, N. P., Ammann, C. M., Bradley, R. S., Briffa, K. R., … Vinther, B. M. (2009). Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling. Science, 325(5945), 1236–1239. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1173983

Keeling, C. D. (1979). The Suess effect: 13Carbon-14Carbon interrelations. Environment International, 2(4–6), 229–300. http://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(79)90005-9

Lockwood, M., & Fröhlich, C. (2007). Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science, 463(2086), 2447 –2460. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1880

Lockwood, M., & Fröhlich, C. (2008). Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. II. Different reconstructions of the total solar irradiance variation and dependence on response time scale. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science, 464(2094), 1367 –1385. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0347

Santer, B. D., Painter, J. F., Bonfils, C., Mears, C. A., Solomon, S., Wigley, T. M. L., … Wentz, F. J. (2013). Human and natural influences on the changing thermal structure of the atmosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(43), 17235–17240. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305332110

Tyndall, J. (1861). On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours, and on the physical connexion of radiation, absorption, and conduction. Philosophical Magazine Series 4, 22(146), 169–194.

UQx DENIAL101x 3.4.3.1 Daily and yearly cycle

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Dana Nuccitelli explains the pattern of contemporary global warming where night warm faster than days and winter warms faster than summers. These patterns are evidence that greenhouse gases are responsible for global warming.

About Denial101x:

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a massive open online course (MOOC) from UQx and edX. Denial101x isn’t just a MOOC about climate change; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

References for this video:

Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T. C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, A. M. G., et al. (2006). Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984–2012), 111(D5). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JD006290/full

Wild, M., Ohmura, A., & Makowski, K. (2007). Impact of global dimming and brightening on global warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(4). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006GL028031/full

Braganza, K., Karoly, D. J., & Arblaster, J. M. (2004). Diurnal temperature range as an index of global climate change during the twentieth century. Geophysical research letters, 31(13). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004GL019998/full

UQx Denial101x 1.7.2.2 Full interview with Larry Hamilton

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Larry Hamilton professor of sociology and a Senior Fellow at Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire discusses his research into what kinds of demographics are linked to denial of climate science.

Excerpts from interview:
"you've got some word going back to the 1990s where people started to notice what was originally called an elite or a top-down countermovement against the environmental movement, against Earth Day and Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, all the sort of bipartisan legislation of the '70s. There was an effort to roll them back. I think that may have started at the top, and there may be economic interests involved, but it's become much, much broader so that now people buy into anti-environmentalism from both top-down and bottom-up cultural identity reasons. "

"It turns out there are very systematic patterns, very replicable, that stand out in tens of thousands of survey interviews that we're doing in all sorts of different places.

Broadly speaking, there are sort of some usual suspects you look at when you're looking at survey data: gender, education, age, political identity. In terms of gender, women tend to have higher levels of concern or perceptions of risk compared with men. In terms of age, younger people tend to give higher credibility to science and to express greater concern about environmental issues. In terms of education—this is stronger than really the gender or the age effects for the most part—people with higher education tend to be more concerned about environmental issues and to give higher credibility to scientific reports.

What dominates all of those is ideology. It's a stronger effect than any of the others. In fact, it changes some of the other effects so that education has a positive effect among liberal to moderate respondents, and it has a near-zero effect among conservative respondents. Actually, it turns to a negative effect on environmental concern for some measures among the most conservative."

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x 3.2.2.1 Human CO2 emissions trump volcanoes’

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Andy Skuce examines how CO2 emissions from human activity compare to CO2 emissions from volcanoes and finds humans release much more.

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

Extended commentary by Andy Skuce:
The main reference used in this lecture for emissions estimates from volcanoes is the 2013 review paper Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes by Michael Burton, Georgina Sawyer and Domenico Graniero published in the journal Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry Vol. 75 pp. 323-354, 2013. http://www.minsocam.org/msa/rim/RiMG075/RiMG075_Ch11.pdf
The figures I quoted in the talk are central estimate numbers quoted in Table 6 and there are considerable ranges of uncertainty associated with them. Table 7 shows how estimates of CO2 emissions form subaerial volcanoes have generally increased as research progresses over time. The lowest estimate (66 Mt/yr) was from Allard in 1992 and the highest (540 Mt/yr) –the one I used–was from the 2013 Burton paper.
Table 5 in Burton et al. shows a very wide range of CO2 emission estimates from different studies of mid-ocean ridge volcanoes of 4 to 792 Mt/yr, reflecting the difficulty of making these estimates. Burton et al. use a central estimate of 97 Mt/yr, which is what I adopted. That figure came from a study by Marty and Tolstikhin (1998) of 97 ± 40 Mt/yr of CO2.
I have also included sinks of CO2 that are associated with volcanic rocks. These amount to “ingassing” of approximately 180 Mt per year from weathering of volcanic rocks on land (Dessert et al., 2003) and 150 Mt/yr of CO2 from carbonation of volcanic rocks on the sea floor (Alt et al., 1999)
In case there are objections that the reactions that absorb CO2 should not be counted in the currently active volcanic emissions balance sheet, I have used both the gross emissions of 640 Mt/yr and the net emissions of 310 Mt/yr for comparisons with human emissions. Note that the volcanic gross emissions include significant current outgassing from inactive volcanoes, so that taking account of the uptake from current “ingassing” of volcanic rocks is consistent.
All of the data on human emissions and the historical CO2 concentration observations was downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. The data were subject to minor computation (e.g., conversion of carbon masses to CO2 masses and cumulative emissions calculations) and the observations of concentrations were corrected to an 1850 baseline. The cumulative emissions were multiplied by 40% to make a rough estimate of the atmospheric fraction (the remainder of the CO2 being taken up by oceans and the terrestrial biosphere). This is not an exact method, since the take up of a pulse of CO2 is a complex time-dependent function arising from several independent processes. The simple 40% factor used here is for illustrative purposes only. The estimates in Table 10 in Le Quéré et al. (2014) yield an average atmospheric fraction of 42% since 1870, with a range of 37-48%. Most of the uncertainty arises from the estimates of land use CO2 emissions and terrestrial CO2 sinks.
There is more detail about these calculations and assumptions in a blogpost I wrote. critical-angle.net/2015/04/01/emissions-history-and-the-great-acceleration
I performed a similar atmospheric concentration calculation assuming constant volcanic emissions of 310 and 640 Mt/yr. Human and volcanic emissions were then compared with observed atmospheric concentration changes since 1850, with the goal of showing how volcanic emissions are far too small to account for observations, whereas human emissions fit the observations closely, both in terms of magnitude and the shape of the atmospheric concentration curve.
I have used the term “dormant” volcano in an informal sense to mean a volcano that is no longer active but that may or may not become active in the future. Burton et al. used the term “inactive volcano”.

MYTH EXAMPLES
In case anybody thinks that I am flogging a dead horse in this lecture, below is a 2014 report of Alaska Senator Lisa Murkowski making the false claim and Mike Huebsch, an appointee of Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker making a similar assertion in 2015.
http://www.adn.com/alaska-beat/article/lisa-murkowski-and-volcano/2014/11/06
http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/scott-walker-climate-change_n_7036766

UQx DENIAL101x 3.2.1.1 Upsetting the natural balance

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-15 | Gavin Cawley explains the global carbon cycle and how human activity is causing an increase of CO2 in our atmosphere.
About Denial101x...

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a massive open online course (MOOC) from UQx and edX. Denial101x isn’t just a MOOC about climate change; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

References for this video:

Gavin C. Cawley, On the atmospheric residence time of anthropogenically sourced carbon dioxide, Energy & Fuels, volume 25, number 11, pages 5503–5513, September 2011. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef200914u (sets out the conservation of mass argument in more detail).

Raupach, M. R., Canadell, J. G., & Quéré, C. L. (2008). Anthropogenic and biophysical contributions to increasing atmospheric CO 2 growth rate and airborne fraction. Biogeosciences, 5(6), 1601-1613. http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/1601/2008/bg-5-1601-2008.pdf (conservation of mass analysis shown in figure 1d)

Houghton, J. T., Jenkins, G. J., Ephramus, J. J., Eds. Climate Change - The IPCC Scientific Assessment; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K., 1990 https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/far/wg_I/ipcc_far_wg_I_full_report.pdf Section 1.2, particularly subsection 1.2.5 “Evidence that the contemporary Carbon Dioxide Increase is Anthropogenic” on page 14 (page 62 of the pdf).

Archer, D. The Global Carbon Cycle; Princeton Primers in Climate; Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-14414-6, 2010.

Tyler Volk, “CO2 Rising - The Worlds Greatest Environmental Challenge”, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-51521-4, 2008.

Ballantyne, A. P., C. B. Alden, J. B. Miller, P. P. Tans, and J. W. C. White, 2012: Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the last 50 years. Nature, 488, 70–72. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v488/n7409/abs/nature11299.html

Boden, T., G. Marland, and R. Andres, 2011: Global CO2 emissions from fossilfuel burning, cement manufacture, and gas flaring: 1751–2008 (accessed at 2011.11.10). Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge, TN, U.S.A., doi:10.3334/ CDIAC/00001_V2011. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/overview_2008.html

Ciais, P., C. Sabine, G. Bala, L. Bopp, V. Brovkin, J. Canadell, A. Chhabra, R. DeFries, J. Galloway, M. Heimann, C. Jones, C. Le Quéré, R.B. Myneni, S. Piao and P. Thornton, 2013: Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter06_FINAL.pdf

Le Quéré, C., et al., 2013: The global carbon budget 1959–2011. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 165–186. http://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/5/165/2013/essd-5-165-2013.html

Le Quéré, C., Moriarty, R., Andrew, R. M., Peters, G. P., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, S. D., Sitch, S., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Boden, T. A., Bopp, L., Bozec, Y., Canadell, J. G., Chini, L. P., Chevallier, F., Cosca, C. E., Harris, I., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kitidis, V., Klein Goldewijk, K., Koven, C., Landa, C. S., Landschützer, P., Lenton, A., Lima, I. D., Marland, G., Mathis, J. T., Metzl, N., Nojiri, Y., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Peng, S., Peters, W., Pfeil, B., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Regnier, P., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Salisbury, J. E., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Segschneider, J., Steinhoff, T., Stocker, B. D., Sutton, A. J., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Wang, Y.-P., Wanninkhof, R., Wiltshire, A., and Zeng, N.: Global carbon budget 2014, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 47-85, doi:10.5194/essd-7-47-2015, 2015. http://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/7/47/2015/essd-7-47-2015.html

Consensus on Consensus

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-08 | The research agrees - Humans are causing climate change. Article (published in 2016) available at http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x 1.4.4.1 Structure of an effective debunking

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-08-08 | John Cook introduces the "Fact-Myth-Fallacy" structure for debunking misinformation. Step 1) Introduce the factual information in a memorable or "sticky" fashion. 2) Explain why a common myth is incorrect. 3) Explain the fallacy that is found in the misinformation to help people understand why it is wrong.

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

Full interview with Cindy Baxter, author of ExxonSecrets

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-06-19 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Full interview with Bob Ward at COP21, December 2015

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-06-18 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Full interview with David Sassoon from Inside Climate News

Mark McCaffrey - Denial101x catch up at COP21

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-03-31 | Mark McCaffrey, science educator, tells us about his ongoing experience in facilitating better climate science communication approaches. He’ll tell us the roll of COP21 and other big conferences in connecting educators and organisations globally. He’ll also touch on the personal topic of moving from the United States to Hungary in the past year and what he is learning from that experience.

This interview took place at COP21 in Paris, December 2015. We had previous interviewed Mark in San Francisco at the American Geophysical Union conference in December 2014, when he was still working for the National Centre for Science Education. That interview is available at youtube.com/watch?v=gnU6DxIlNLk

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Zeke Hausfather Full Interview UQx Denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-02-29 | Hausfather explains the surface temperature record and some of the groups and individuals that have independently come to similar results. He also discusses how to communicate with a highly technical audience when they don't have specific expertise in your field.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Rachael Shwom Full Interview UQx Denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-02-23 | Rachael Schwom, sociologist at Rutgers University, discusses why people do or do not accept and act on climate change. She explains that access to information is important, but not the only factor determining if people believe in climate change. She also shares how she got into her area of research.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

When information is enough - Rachael Schwoms Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-02-23 | A sizeable portion of the United States' population simply doesn't know enough about climate change to understand or act on the issue. For these people, information can be enough to lead to minor but important lifestyle changes. Full interview with Rachael Schwom at youtu.be/bSSJb1vNTiw

Thank you to James Fichera for his publicly available footage of crowds, from his videos "Cheonggyecheon" youtu.be/phC8Ej9nmlQ and "Seoul: People Walking" youtu.be/dmaz26ChcgI

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-...

Ben Marzeion Full Interview UQx Denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-02-11 | Professor Ben Marzeion tells us the modern story of melting glaciers. The melting we see today is mostly due to human activity, but that wasn’t the case 100 years ago. Ben also tells us how he got into climate modelling and how he communicates his work to journalists.

Note: This interview was conducted in Dececember 2014 when Ben Marzeion was an Associate Professor at the University of Innsbruck. As of September 2015, Marzeion is a Professor at the University of Bremen Institute of Geography.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Luke Copland Denial101x Full Interview

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-02-04 | Interested in the cryosphere? In this interview Luke Copland from University of Ottawa gives us a rundown on all of it - the Himalayas, Greenland, East Antarctica, West Antarctica, and sea ice. Interview conducted in December 2014.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Melissa Hart Full Interview Denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-29 | Dr. Melissa Hart tells us what urban heat islands are and discusses her findings on urban heat in the cities of Hong Kong and Portland.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Are urban heat islands real? - Melissa Harts Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-29 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Fossil fuels clout - Ben Stewarts Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-27 | More Info: http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Leonhard Pfister - Denial101x Full Interview

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-27 | Leonhard Pfister of the NASA Ames Research Center tells us about his work looking at water vapour and the structure of the atmosphere. He discusses techniques researchers use to form the best picture possible of temperature throughout the atmosphere. He also talks about the consequences of a warming atmosphere.
About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Sugar vs. lemon - Fabrice Calmels Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-25 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Full Interview with Ben Stewart - UQx Denial101x

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-18 | More Info: http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire
including links to PDFs of the emails sent between Stewart and the parties mentioned in this video.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Exposing concealed funding - Ben Stewarts Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-14 | More Info: http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015...

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-...

Bet on climate change - Nobel Laureate Brian Schmidts Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2016-01-05 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

Switching from science to policy - Jackie Dawsons Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-10-01 | See Jackie's full interview at youtube.com/watch?v=YxETHQANouw

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

UQx Denial101x Full Interview with Jackie Dawson

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-10-01 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

What drives scientists? - Richard Alleys Golden Nugget

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-08-25 | Prof Alley gets passionate about the motivation of scientists.

Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

UQx Denial101x Jon Bridle - evolutionary biologist

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-07-16 | Here Dr John Bridle gives a brief description of his research, for more information you can check out his full length interview at youtu.be/rzTuK5I3Mz8

About Denial101x:
Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Any research used to develop this content has been cited on a references page within the subsection for this lecture.

To register and learn more: http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial

UQx DENIAL101x 0.1.1.1 Introduction to Denial (self-paced)

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-30 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x Student Feedback

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-24 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x Full interview with Mark McCaffrey

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-15 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x Full interview with Simon Donner

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-15 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x Full interview with John Charlie Veron

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-15 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x 6.7.5.1 Full interview with Courtney St John

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-15 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

In this video Courtney refers to the analytical and emotional processing systems in the human brain. While she casually refers to these systems as "sides" of the brain it should be noted that the systems are not associated with physical sides of the brain. For more in-depth information on this topic she recommends Daniel Kahneman's book Thinking Fast and Slow.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.

UQx DENIAL101x Full interview with Ullrich Ecker

UQx Denial101x Making Sense of Climate Science Denial 2015-06-10 | Climate change is real, so why the controversy and debate? Learn to make sense of the science and to respond to climate change denial in Denial101x, a MOOC from UQx and edX.

Denial101x isn’t just a climate MOOC; it’s a MOOC about how people think about climate change.

Comments on our channel are turned off. To discuss our videos, enrol at http://edx.org/understanding-climate-denial and join us in the edX discussion forum.