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This Place
Does Might make Right?
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updated 7 years ago
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Song
Cicero- Lucy Amberton
filmstro.com/music/theme/7677
|| References and Species mentioned in this video ||
Conditionally Sexual
Aspergillus nidulans fungi produce more of their spores sexually in environments where they are less fit, although asexual spores are more dispersive and equally resistant:
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982210007098
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5031623
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24231534
Grasshoppers spend over 50% of total living energy budget making mating calls:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3008630
Species that are hermaphroditic because of how slow and/or dispersed they are:
Snails
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022519377903630
Species that “mate for life” by fusing their bodies:
Angler Fish
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish#Reproduction
Species that start life as a female and switch to male:
California sheephead
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386901
Species that start life as a male and switch to female:
Black Porgy
sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/protandry
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Sources
Comeback Study
cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0346
General info:
Årland, K., Bjørndal, T. 2002. Fisheries Management in Norway an overview.
Chuenpagdee, R., Pascual-Fernandez, J.J., Szelianszky, E., Alegret, J.L., Fraga, J., and Jentoft, S. 2012. Marine Protected Areas: Re-Thinking their inception. Marine Policy 39 (2012) 234-240.
DFO. 2012. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Values and Ethics code. http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/reports-rapports/vicr-virc/vicr-virc2012-eng.htm
FAO. 2005. Information on Fisheries Management in the Kingdom of. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. Available online: http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/NOR/body.htm
Finlayson, C. Fishing for Truth. Newfoundland: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1994. Print.
Godo, O.R. and Haug, T. 1999.Growth Rate and Sexual Maturity in Cod(Gadus morhua) and Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). J. Northw. Atl. Fish. Sci., Vol. 25: 115--123
Greenburg, P. Four Fish. New York: Penguin Group, 2010. Print.
Jentoft, S. Dangling Lines and the future of Coastal Communities, the Norwegian experience. Newfoundland: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1993. Print.
Kurlansky, M. Cod, a biography of the fish that changed the world. USA: Walker Publishing Company, 1997. Print.
Larkin, P.A. 1996. Concepts and issues in marine ecosystem management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6 (1996) 139-164
OECD. 2004. Country Note on National Fisheries Management Systems- Norway. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. available online: http://www.oecd.org/norway/34430920.pdf
Pauly, D. and Maclean, J. In a Perfect Ocean, the state of fisheries and ecosystems in the North Atlantic ocean. Washington: Island Press, 2003. Print.
Pilkey, O. and Pilkey-Jarvis, L. Useless Arithmetic. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Print.
Schrank, W.E. 2003. Introducing Fisheries Subsidied. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper no 437.
Rose, A. Who killed the Grand Banks? Ontario: John Wiley & sons Canada, 2008. Print.
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Further Resources
No trigger warning?
Apparently trigger warnings don’t really make people avoid content. But it does prime someone to be anxious and only focus on the negative. I want you to feel these issues are manageable because they are.
Genuinely sorry if this video stressed you out.
Might not be true but anyway: psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/brainstorm/201904/do-trigger-warnings-actually-work
Recommended reading:
Abuse and Neglect:
The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog bit.ly/36JAgR1
The Body Keeps the Score bit.ly/3lGEizP
The Deepest Well bit.ly/3nyd6nf
Development and Support:
The Whole-Brain Child bit.ly/3lFHyeT
How to Talk So Kids Will Listen & Listen So Kids Will Talk bit.ly/2HeHEuW
No Bad Kids bit.ly/3faERPH
Some information on what therapy can do:
apa.org/topics/understanding-psychotherapy
Reddit Communities:
reddit.com/r/CPTSD
reddit.com/r/raisedbynarcissists
reddit.com/r/raisedbyborderlines
reddit.com/r/ptsd
How to adopt ACEs screening:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376297
Mental health lessons in schools:
youtube.com/watch?v=vPPtUYlzQys
Many work drop outs due to mental health
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062016
Bell increases productivity with mental health programs
benefitscanada.com/benefits/health-wellness/are-mentally-healthy-employees-more-productive-48854
Mental health reduces recidivism:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113431
Sources
Amber’s story and the two boys stories are pulled from:
Perry, B. 2007. The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog. bit.ly/3pEysRW
Kinds of traumatic experiences:
http://traumadissociation.com/ptsd.html
Described as an epidemic:
bit.ly/2HaK1Pn
bit.ly/3lJfnvi
researchgate.net/publication/292635847_The_impact_of_early_life_trauma_on_health_and_disease_The_hidden_epidemic
90% at least 1 trauma in lifetime, 8% PTSD:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096796
(7.3 % PTSD:)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20346193
(Between 6 and 9% depending on study:)
bit.ly/38QxYSB
Economic Impact:
ACEs economic impact of $458 billion per year
readcube.com/articles/10.2139%2Fssrn.3458626
ACEs economic impact of $1.33 Trillion billion per year
psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/experimentations/201909/how-adverse-childhood-experiences-cost-133-trillion-year
Cancer Costs:
I added these numbers together. Likely double counts, just back of envelope sort of thing:
Direct costs, $95 billion:
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2737074?
Indirect costs, $308 billion
bit.ly/3nyRF5K
Breakdown of trauma costs:
researchgate.net/publication/328516988_The_economic_impact_of_post_traumatic_stress_disorder_in_Northern_Ireland
Vicarious trauma story pulled from:
Shapiro, F. 2012. Getting Past Your Past. Chapter 7
ACEs effects on health
acesaware.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/ACE-Clinical-Workflows-Algorithms-and-ACE-Associated-Health-Conditions.pdf
Eye study
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1348655
Amber’s story and the two boys stories are pulled from:
Perry, B. 2007. The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog. bit.ly/3pEysRW
Signs of Mental Health abuse
healthline.com/health/signs-of-mental-abuse#control-and-shame
Abuse gets passed down
childwelfare.gov/topics/can/impact/long-term-consequences-of-child-abuse-and-neglect/abuse
Therapy paying for itself and other economic measures:
ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/ajp.154.2.147
- Animations move very expressively.
- Humans are less animated, but they have the fundamental expressive nature that you can understand.
- These "uncanny" animations and robots move strangely or creepily. Is their movement really a mix of animation and humans?
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Time Stamps
00:00 Intro
00:48 Uncanny Valley “basics”
2:08 “Human Likeness” is too broad
4:46 Cherry Picking
7:22 Summary of what’s wrong
8:00 What’s right
8:47 What’s actually going on
Sources
The ambiguity of “human likeness”
frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00126/full
Morphs where it gets creepy in the middle
researchgate.net/publication/241217609_Subjective_Ratings_of_Robot_Video_Clips_for_Human_Likeness_Familiarity_and_Eeriness_An_Exploration_of_the_Uncanny_Valley
Demonstrating the uncanny valley isn’t simply based on likeness
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.2518&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Seeing Faces
(patterns on left side of brain were the same for faces and non faces. But the right side of brain was different for faces or non faces. Seems the left side of the brain goes “FACE!” then the right side of the brain goes “OK, let’s work this out”)royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2011.1784
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6290235
jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2651179
biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233387v1.full
The study with all those images
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027715300640
Original uncanny valley paper
spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/the-uncanny-valley
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Sources
Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science by Guy Waldo Dunnington
The Prince of Mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss by M. B. W. Tent
Footage (in order of appearance)
Snowden (2016)
The Imitation Game (2014)
Music
Three Hand Reel performed by NewShoe (this track is no longer available there. I downloaded it in like 2015):
soundcloud.com/newshoe
(at 6:46 it says "molecules" should say "droplets". A bunch of water molecules together behave as a larger thing)
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Other notes
All the experts and scholory articles I looked at stated both rayleigh and mie scattering as responsible for the whiter horizon. That there are 2 explanations feels inelegant but I couldn’t find that one of them was false. I suspect each one is more dominant under different conditions.
Sources
Various light stuff
spc.noaa.gov/publications/corfidi/sunset
http://homepages.wmich.edu/~korista/colors_of_the_sky-Bohren_Fraser.pdf
Wavelength and molecule size scattering
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo300/node/785
Images
Meadow, Hills, Clouds and Blue sky
https://flic.kr/p/fmKf7A
Sun and Sky on beach
pixabay.com/photos/sun-summer-mountains-sky-clouds-1413721/#_=_
Mountain, sun and blue Sky
https://flic.kr/p/CTWqtc
Seeing blue of the mountains
https://flic.kr/p/c56hPq
Sky and town in Germany
http://www.1zoom.me/en/wallpaper/396611/z6042.9
Blue Pizza Sign
pexels.com/photo/blue-pizza-neon-signage-turned-on-1596884
Coloured Paint
http://www.holifestival.com/my/en/festival-of-colours/review
Rocks and Mountain
flickr.com/photos/volvob12b/9559397569
See atmosphere from space
nasa.gov/image-feature/waxing-gibbous-moon-above-earths-limb
Beach Thailand
https://flic.kr/p/GPD3JT
Space walk
nasa.gov/images/content/501290main_spacewalks_grapple_lg.jpg
Golden hour New York
https://flic.kr/p/qCKUUS
Blue Hour Paris
https://flic.kr/p/pvEwyp
Normal Hour New York
https://flic.kr/p/211thrA
Golden and Blue Hour together
shutterstock.com/image-photo/beautiful-landscape-between-golden-hour-blue-175746710
Beach
https://flic.kr/p/d2XSRy
Blue sky lake mountains
goodfreephotos.com/united-states/nevada/lake-tahoe/harbor-clear-water-landscape-sky.jpg.php
Blue mountains and mist
pxhere.com/en/photo/1498949
Sunset clouds
new.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE:Sunset_Marina.JPG
Fog
https://flic.kr/p/rPscYM
Smog Sunset
earthjustice.org/blog/2013-june/eliminating-a-4-letter-word-smog
Sunset Beach
mocah.org/4595524-sunset-sky-landscape-nature-clear-sky-lens-flare-silhouette-colorful-sunlight.html
Music
Inspiring Music
soundcloud.com/ghostrifter-official/salvation
That freaky music from 2001 a space odyssey
youtube.com/watch?v=oU4Rk0NATNs
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Images
Paul Longinidis Purple Flower (CC BY 2.0) https://flic.kr/p/qG6xJa
Music
Drum Solo Birdman by Michikawa
pond5.com/stock-music/70917957/drum-solo-birdman.html
Sources
silversneakers-wp-prod.azureedge.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/SSBlog_MoreKThanBanana_1400x1050-1024x768.jpg
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We all recognize it's our best and most robust truth seeking system. So why do we all seem to disagree so passionately on testable and observable topics?
How Does Do Science?- youtu.be/3MRHcYtZjFY
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Thanks for your support!
Ari and her Banjo.
“The Cat” in this video is from the album “Collected Recordings from the Spring of 2011”.
ariandherbanjo.bandcamp.com/album/the-square-root-of-2
Great Lecture Series about Morality. Like a series of the best of TED talks. Has almost 7 million views for a reason. Definitely check it out
youtu.be/kBdfcR-8hEY
Reddit reddit.com/r/ThisPlace/comments/5eowlr/how_do_we_work_out_whats_right_and_wrong/?ref=share&ref_source=link
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Related videos
Free Will Choice Experiment youtu.be/1gBb1TWn4Vc
The Survival of the Fittest youtu.be/pBAj3uQhZ_I
This was a section of a longer video. But I decided that video doesn’t need this section. But I still liked it so here you go.
Reddit reddit.com/r/ThisPlace
Further watching/reading
Crash Course on Free will
youtube.com/watch?v=vCGtkDzELAI
Sam Harris on Free Will
youtube.com/watch?v=pCofmZlC72g
Dschinghis Khan- Moskau
youtube.com/watch?v=BQAKRw6mToA
Effects of child abuse
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872483
Pyschopathy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy
Patreon patreon.com/user?u=849925
Also some stats about you guys
Genetic test done by 23andme 23andme.com , not a sponsor. It's a bit expensive. I don't know if I would recommend it unless if you wanted to know about a disease and it was approved by doctors/health boards. If you get the test and doctors don't trust it it might be a waste of money. Also it may not be trustworthy.
Foot Notes
Regarding soap
Soap makes hair puffy. Makes skin itchy and dry. But without soap... nothing bad happens.
When I get smelly pits, I find it's how hard I rub that makes the smell go away and stay away. Not how much soap I use.
I think there's oils on skin that dirt can stick to so soap should make cleaning easier. And scents can just make any smells covered up. But for me soap seems to have more negatives than positives.
Still use soap on my hands though. I wash my hands a lot.
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THE PRISONER'S DILEMMA youtube.com/watch?v=t9Lo2fgxWHw
FOOT NOTES
Additional requirements for an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game
For a one off prisoner’s dilemma, they payoffs can just be like 5 greater than 3 greater than 1 greater than 0 (like in the video). But for an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game to be an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game, the total payout for both cooperating has to be bigger than the total payout for one person cooperating and one person defecting. Basically 2x3 greater than 5+0.
If it was like 8 points for defecting while the other cooperates, it would still follow the on off prisoners dilemma format, 8 greater than 3 greater than 1 greater than 0. But with an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game the best strategy would be to go back and forth between cooperating and defecting (giving them on average 4 each, rather than 3 for both cooperating). Which can happen for sure, but it’s a different sort of game.
With a one-off prisoner’s dilemma this doesn’t matter so much. Trade might change the relationship, but it should still appear as a prisoner’s dilemma. The incentives that make it the prisoner’s dilemma would be the same. Their best strategies would still be to always defect.
Tournament 1 vs tournament 2 (A set number of rounds vs not knowing when it ends)
There is a bit of a logical quirk when the players know how many rounds there are. A big part of game theory is getting into your opponents head, predicting what they will do. Also thinking about the whole game and reasoning backwards.
So when they know how many rounds there are, the last round against any given opponent, has no consequences. If you defect in the first round the opponent can reciprocate and you probably won’t be better off or it. But an opponent can’t reciprocate against any defecting in that last round. And since no matter what the other person is going to do, defecting gives a better payout. A player should defect in the last round... so should everyone really. They will only get more for doing that. We should expect them to do it.
But then if everyone is defecting in the last round, not in response to anything that happened before, then really the second to last round also has no consequences. Nobody is going to defect because you defected in the second to last round. What they’re doing in that next round is already set, if we defect in the second to last round we’re not giving up future gains we could have gotten while cooperating. So everyone should defect in the second to last round because there are no consequences and the payoff is higher. But then if everyone is defecting in these rounds, then the third to last round also has no consequences…. Blah blah, defect the whole time. With this reasoning the correct strategy is to always defect.
But we already know that ALWAYS DEFECT isn’t a great strategy here. Because defecting has consequences.
But reasoning backwards, in this context, only works if everyone is doing it. If everyone has thought that way. If everyone reasoned this way, then everyone is always defecting. Then always defecting is the best strategy against that.
But the people who submitted for this tournament clearly didn’t reason this way.
Maybe because most of the time in the real world, we don’t know how many rounds there are, so we always think our actions will have consequences. Also we rarely interact with one person in isolation. We can build a reputation for being un-cooperative. If we are dicks to people who we are about to never see again those who will may not want to cooperate with us as much. So those who submitted thought like this.
Maybe because they didn’t know about the idea.
But even still, in the context of that tournament it would still better to defect in the last round. I suspect TIT FOR TAT or FORGIVING TIT FOR TAT modified to defect in the last round would have won... in the tournaments at least. If you're done with a relationship and you kill them and take your stuff, the people watching you won'y want to cooperate with you.
For that tournament they actually changed the definition of what a “nice” strategy was to allow defecting in those last few rounds against an opponent. The weird space where the two ideas meet.
Cooperating with whom?
Cooperation and defection refer to between the two players. Not necessarily with outside forces like with the police.
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SIDE NOTES / ADDITIONAL STUFF
(sources for video in video credits)
How Thale Cress recognizes family
If you put a green filter beside them as they grow, they will bend their leaves away from the lifeless filter, like they do for family. Plants have proteins that detect light of certain wavelengths. It seems when light in those spectrums are blocked in the horizontal direction, like when there is a neighbor leaf there, they try to grow away from it.
Plants from different families are going to have different genes, grow a bit differently, and their leaves will be at different heights and different angles. But closely related plants are going to be similar. They’ll have leaves that are at similar heights blocking the light in the horizontal direction for one another. That’s why they grow away from family and not strangers, their horizontal light profile, is going to be similar. When with strangers their leaves don’t match up so much. So they only bend away for family. At least that’s the idea.
Thale Cress Leaf Bending: Is It Really for Family?
They tested for that. Using a mutant that cannot bend their leaves, they put them in rows like mutant│wild type│mutant│wild type... The mutants were find on their own, produce the same number of seeds as wild type. In the row, the mutants produced more seeds than the wild type. In this context at least, the benefit seems to be for the other plant, not the bender. Plant altruism is a difficult thing though. There's only a finite amount of resources. Giving resources to a neighbor may be a 1:1 thing. Hard to detect. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25264216
Family helping “strategies”
This model describes where a gene’s protein CAN act, not necessarily where it will. What works for bees may not work for humans. The other proteins of that cell are a part of a gene’s environment.
Bees and eusociality
There’s a lot of discussion about how bees and other creatures evolved eusociality.
Also Wikipedia page
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusociality#Evolution
Article to get you started
http://www.sciencealert.com/monogamous-queens-help-bees-cooperate
it describes this paper
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772268
Some Examples of How Cells Recognize Family
The armpit effect. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armpit_effect
In humans there’s what they call the Westermarck effect
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westermarck_effect
Ducks imprinting on their mother.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprinting_(psychology)#Filial_imprinting
When it goes wrong
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brood_parasite
Here’s a Sapolsky lecture. youtu.be/P388gUPSq_I?t=30m7s Starts at 30 minutes 7 seconds
Why Aren’t We All Family?
Really we’re asking “why don’t genes recognize when other cells have those genes?” For a gene to only help cells with those genes they have to have the effect where they are they have to have:
- Some form of specific phenotypic marker, a pheromone, an appearance, a sound/call
- Recognize that phenotypic marker
- Only help cells with those genes.
There are actually a couple specific examples, it’s called the Green beard effect
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-beard_effect
Why isn’t it more common?
Maybe it’s a little bit like asking “why don’t we all have 4 arms? Surely having more limbs would be beneficial” or “why don’t we have laser eyes to heat our food and melt our enemies”. But mutations are random and maybe 4 arms/green beards just weren’t a possibly part of our history.
Maybe it’s because it’s working against the rest of the genome. There’s lots of genes that may not benefit from the green beard gene’s action. Mutations that shut off the green beard gene would make that cell reproduce more.
Or maybe it’s common and it’s just difficult to detect. There are several papers that claim it’s relatively common and very important. It could that to our brains we just don’t think we can recognize specific genes. But that’s just because our altruistic genes are scattered over our 46 chromosomes, all with markers and recognizing parts and on average we just view our children as related.
I don’t know for sure.
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Sources
https://i.imgur.com/XTlO1R8.jpg
We were taught that "the commons" is sort of an old term. It has issues because it blankets both common pool resources with no communication, no rules, no accountability, no punishment for those who break the rules, etc. (open access) and common pool resources with some cooperation or institution in place (common property regimes).
When you get away from those aspects that allow people to trust one another and work together, the system looks like an open access system. The tragedy of the commons model describes what happens in that open access system. But not what happens when a common property regime is in place. But the term "commons" doesn't distinguish between the two.
Further watching
Some Field Ecology
" Allan Savory: How to green the world's deserts and reverse climate change"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTHi...
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ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA AND THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION youtube.com/watch?v=BOvAbjfJ0x0
EXTRA NOTES
Concerning "Cooperation"
Cooperation refers to cooperation between the two players. Not necessarily with outside parties like the police.
The term I keep coming across to describe humans (and other species) is "serial pair bonders" or "serial monogamist". We tend to fall madly in love for a few years and then fall out of love. But considering all the diversity in human sexuality, and the fact that there are billions of us, it's hardly beneficial to put a label on it. You'll get polygamists, you'll get monogamists for life, you'll get males who are attracted to males, you'll get males who feel like they are female and who are attracted to females... and you know everything else.
Looking at animal behaviour and the reasons for animal behaviour is just a way to start thinking about behaviour on a evolutionary scale. These are not necessarily models to explain human behaviour. Every species and every community will have a different world of when it's appropriate to be aggressive and when it's appropriate to be sexual.
From secondary sources I've read that male and female humans are equally aggressive (how this is measured I do not know) but that males are more "physically aggressive". But that a big part of the difference stems from male vs male aggression. For example, from what I can see from internet article statistics (not really statistics), females and males are similar in counts of "physical domestic aggression".
Link Dump
Low level aggression in baboons
youtube.com/watch?v=QZcTvFqzxA0
Photos are from Flikr users. All photos are under licence: creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
Sources:
The Extended Phenotype- Richard Dawkins
Lectures... check these out, they are awsome. If you like this stuff and don't like listening to me, watch these:
youtube.com/watch?v=NNnIGh9g6fA
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What if we made robots that could sustain themselves? What if they could mine metals or recycle old robots, reprogram and remake themselves? There's nothing there we would traditional call alive, but they would have at least have the essence of this perpetual rube Goldberg machine. Would that be called life? I don't think many people would. Those are just self replicating robots. Those are fucked up robots that need to learn there place under humanity's boot.
It might be another sort of replicating never ending Rube Goldberg machine, but maybe life is more specific to the shape that we apply the name to (with cells and DNA and all).
But then what about life on other planets?
Sometimes people say that we shouldn't assume all other forms of life are like ours because it's close minded. What if it's not just DNA and the cell. What if it's not even ....a code, and some bunch of stuff that reproduces the code in a way that we understand it.
What if it's something ambiguous that we can't even begin to comprehend or recognize?
but .....
What?
I think the uncertainty of what alien life might be like, maybe it's a side effect of being able to recognize and describe life here really easily, while right beside that having a difficult time defining it. There isn't really an unequivocal definition yet. So people can imagine some being of pure energy or whatever that we would recognize as life, without first imagining the fundamental process behind it and why we call it life.
Original "What is Life?" Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZHD9E6i1fs
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This Side Notes covers:
- Birds with Horns
- Survival vs reproduction, K and r selection
- A single gene for a trait?
- More on the selfish gene and crossing over
- DNA doesn't code for proteins. RNA world hypothesis?
Link Dump
Why do things evolve? youtube.com/watch?v=WGL4HPuFKZA
Senesence: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence
Image Credits
Cassowary
Cuatrock77- http://www.flickr.com/photos/cuatrok77/9687779143
youtube.com/watch?v=KFVb90bCNjY&list=WL9F07272518E64107
Hornbill
Lip Kee- http://www.flickr.com/photos/lipkee/5109558511/sizes/l
Camouflage owl- Potoo
Wagner Machado Carlos Lemes- http://www.fotopedia.com/items/wagnermclemes-kgVyXIKf-HM/slideshow
The Lilac Breasted Roller- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nyctibius_griseus_471885191_27f931630d_o.jpg
Camoflage bug
Remy Snippe- http://www.flickr.com/photos/rs_snippe/6089795516/sizes/l
Bacteria
Gina Bei- http://www.flickr.com/photos/melynaguona/3459685047/sizes/o
Baby
Bridget Coila - http://www.flickr.com/photos/bibbit/4273718204/sizes/l
These were all http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en and were all cropped
Patreon patreon.com/user?u=849925
For more information on stuff related to this video, check out the side notes:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Nt2I...
Photo Credits
Jacobs Sheep
Ed Bierman (cropped)- http://www.flickr.com/photos/edbierma...
References
The selfish gene- Richard Dawkins
The extended phenotype- Richard Dawkins
Patreon patreon.com/user?u=849925
Footage
Bear who plays with stick good
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ghgg_fukbvU
Socientize: Cell Images Experiment
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXegth8CmM4
Ibercivis Ciencia
Painfully unaware
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnQTt5IuczY
sciencemuseum
Phototropism in Tomatoes - Timelapse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ze8NV7cvW8k
therealbeale
Creatures in my Water!!! - Microscopic Animals from a Local Stream.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7Qo2thTMaA
antiprotons
I'm not really an animator. If you liked the animation in this video, check out the work of Masanobu Hiraoka (vimeo.com/74114715) and Don Hertzfeldt (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMsyOowMaEY) who's styles were an influence to this vid.
References
The Wikipedia page. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life
I pulled the rest outta my butt. Because doing proper research, can be a lot of work.
Song soundcloud.com/stephen-moller-1/chinquapin-hunting
Patreon patreon.com/user?u=849925
References
Arnold, J.E.M. and Cambell, J.G. 1985. Collective Management of hill Forests in Nepal: The Community Forestry Development Project.
Harding, Garrett. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science. 13 (162) p.1243-1248.
http://dieoff.org/page95.htm
Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fraternal twins are like any other siblings from different sperms and eggs but born at the same time due to both ovaries releasing eggs at the same time.
Link Dump
Footage of Mitosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD3IQknCEdc
Semi-Identical Twins
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin#Semi-identical_twins