Uploaded May 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Sources:
Gilmour, John. “Sweden: An Ambiguous Participant.” In The Routledge History of the Second World War, 546–561. Milton: Routledge, 2022.
Gilmour, John. Sweden, the Swastika and Stalin: The Swedish Experience in the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011.
James, Harold . “Switzerland and Sweden in the Second World War.” In Europäische Volkswirtschaften Unter Deutscher Hegemonie: 1938. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.
Larsson, Lars T. Hitler’s Swedes: A History of the Swedish Volunteers in the Waffen-SS. New York: Helion & Company, Limited, 2015.
Levine, Paul A. “Swedish Neutrality during the Second World War: Tactical Success or Moral Compromise?” In European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents during the Second World War, 304–330. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Lottaz, Pascal, and Ingemar Ottosson. Sweden, Japan, and the Long Second World War: 1931-1945. Milton: Routledge, 2021.
Miglietta, John P. “Switzerland and Sweden: The Armed Neutrals.” In Hitler’s Allies, 182–193. Milton: Routledge, 2022.
Müller, Leos. Neutrality in World History. Milton: Routledge, 2019.
Pollack, Ester. “As the Holocaust Escalated, the Swedish Press Fell Silent: Media and the Normalisation of Passivity and Non-Engagement in WWII Sweden.” Social Semiotics 30, no. 4 (2020): 449–465.
Armchair Team Credits:
docs.google.com/document/d/1sYjrtdKP67bvEH4UWOv-24_dwJGxZ395ZuczyKOUFNw/edit?usp=sharing
Thanks to Holzkern for sponsoring this video! Check out holzkern.com/armchairhistorian and use code "armchair" for 15% off a gift for a loved one this Father's Day, or for something nice for yourself.
Sign up for Armchair History TV today! armchairhistory.tv
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Android App: play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.fourthwall.wla.armchairhistory
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Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/armchairhistorian
Discord: discord.gg/thearmchairhistorian
Twitter: twitter.com/ArmchairHist
Sources:
Gilmour, John. “Sweden: An Ambiguous Participant.” In The Routledge History of the Second World War, 546–561. Milton: Routledge, 2022.
Gilmour, John. Sweden, the Swastika and Stalin: The Swedish Experience in the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011.
James, Harold . “Switzerland and Sweden in the Second World War.” In Europäische Volkswirtschaften Unter Deutscher Hegemonie: 1938. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.
Larsson, Lars T. Hitler’s Swedes: A History of the Swedish Volunteers in the Waffen-SS. New York: Helion & Company, Limited, 2015.
Levine, Paul A. “Swedish Neutrality during the Second World War: Tactical Success or Moral Compromise?” In European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents during the Second World War, 304–330. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Lottaz, Pascal, and Ingemar Ottosson. Sweden, Japan, and the Long Second World War: 1931-1945. Milton: Routledge, 2021.
Miglietta, John P. “Switzerland and Sweden: The Armed Neutrals.” In Hitler’s Allies, 182–193. Milton: Routledge, 2022.
Müller, Leos. Neutrality in World History. Milton: Routledge, 2019.
Pollack, Ester. “As the Holocaust Escalated, the Swedish Press Fell Silent: Media and the Normalisation of Passivity and Non-Engagement in WWII Sweden.” Social Semiotics 30, no. 4 (2020): 449–465.
Armchair Team Credits:
docs.google.com/document/d/1sYjrtdKP67bvEH4UWOv-24_dwJGxZ395ZuczyKOUFNw/edit?usp=sharing








![What If? Operation Sea Lion
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Sources:
Assman, Kurt. Operation “Sea Lion.” in United States Naval Institute Proceedings 76 (1). 1950.
Egan, Nicholas. Operation Sea Lion, Vwma.org.au. 2025. https://vwma.org.au/collections/home-page-stories/operation-sea-lion.
Forczyk, Robert. We March against England: Operation Sea Lion, 1940-41. Oxford, Uk: Osprey Publishing, 2018.
Hansard HC Deb vol 430 cc52-7W, 18 November 1946 [Online]. [Accessed 18 February 2025] https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1946/nov/18/german-preparations-for-invasion-in-1940.
“Operation Sealion - Hitler’s Planned Invasion of Britain.” n.d. Bexhill Museum. https://www.bexhillmuseum.org.uk/our-patron-eddie-izzard/operation-sealion-the-invasion-that-never-came/.
Overy, Richard. “Britain Stands Alone” in The West Point History of Warfare, eds. Clifford J. Rogers and Ty Seidule, vol. 5, (New York, NY: Rowan Technology Solutions, 2016) iBook version.
Simmons, Mark. “Operation Sea Lion: Hitler’s Cancelled Invasion of Britain.” n.d. Warfare History Network. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/operation-sea-lion-hitlers-cancelled-invasion-of-britain/.
Armchair Team Credits:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sYjrtdKP67bvEH4UWOv-24_dwJGxZ395ZuczyKOUFNw/edit?usp=sharing What If? Operation Sea Lion](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kb6KQcdAHMA/mqdefault.jpg)

