Why Trees Are Taller Than They Need To Be @veritasium

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The Simplest Math Problem No One Can Solve - Collatz Conjecture

$How Dangerous is a Penny Dropped From a Skyscraper? This video is sponsored by Brilliant. You can get started for free, or the first 200 people to sign up via https://brilliant.org/veritasium get 20% off a yearly subscription. Check out Adam Savages video: https://youtu.be/h_zytOcMwys A massive thanks to Adam Savage and the whole Tested Crew – especially Kristen Lomasney, Ryan Kiser, and Joey Fameli. Thank you so much for coming out to the desert with us, and for inviting us to your cave! Check out the video we made with them on their channel – https://youtu.be/h_zytOcMwys Another huge thanks to iFly Ontario for letting us shoot in your amazing windtunnel. Special thanks to Diana Rios, Treasa Telle, Michelle Brumley for having us and Anthony Jones, Torrell Henderson and Nate Roth for being great instructors. iFly run STEM education trips, where you can experience terminal velocity first hand – https://www.iflyworld.com/programs/stem-field-trips/ Thanks to Inland Empire Film Services and the San Bernardino County Film Office for portions of the video shot in the County of San Bernardino. The raindrop video is from Alistair McClymont’s gorgeous artwork “Raindrop” – https://alistairmcclymont.com/artwork/raindrop/ Video of the raindrop breaking apart is from the coolest paper i’ve read in a while – Villermaux, E., & Bossa, B. (2009). Single-drop fragmentation determines size distribution of raindrops. Nature physics, 5(9), 697-702. – https://ve42.co/Villermaux ▀▀▀ References: Altair. (2019). Digital Debunking: Could a Penny Dropped Off the Top of the Empire State Building Actually Kill You? - https://ve42.co/Altair2019 Braeunig, R.A. Atmosphere Properties. - https://ve42.co/AtmosProp The Guardian. (2014). Brutal winter weather brings new challenge: ice falling from skyscrapers - https://ve42.co/WTCicicle NASA. (2018). The Apollo 15 Hammer-Feather Drop - https://ve42.co/NASAmoondrop Red Bull Stratos - https://ve42.co/RBStratos Quealy, K., Sanger-KatzIn, M. (2015). In Other Countries, You’re as Likely to Be Killed by a Falling Object as by a Gun. New York Times. - https://ve42.co/NYTFallingObject National Safety Council. (2022). Struck by Objects. - https://ve42.co/NSCStruck Williams, A. (2019). What are your chances of being killed by hail in the US? - https://ve42.co/Williams2019 NewScientist. (2021). Can bullets fired upwards cause injuries when they return to earth? - https://ve42.co/CelebratoryGunFire Chambers, J. (2020). Meet the Flechette – the Deadliest Weapon of World War I? - https://ve42.co/Flechette Wikipedia. Lazy Dog (bomb). - https://ve42.co/LazyDog Gläser, N., Kneubuehl, B. P., Zuber, S., Axmann, S., Ketterer, T., Thali, M. J., & Bolliger, S. A. (2011). Biomechanical examination of blunt trauma due to baseball bat blows to the head. Journal of Forensic Biomechanics, 2 - https://ve42.co/Glaser2011 Yoganandan, N., Pintar, F. A., SANCES JR, A. N. T. H. O. N. Y., Walsh, P. R., Ewing, C. L., Thomas, D. J., & Snyder, R. G. (1995). Biomechanics of skull fracture. Journal of neurotrauma, 12(4), 659-668. New York Times. (2014). Falling Tape Measure Kills Man at Jersey City Construction Site - The New York Times - https://ve42.co/NYTTapeMeasure IMDb. (2006). MythBusters Bullets Fired Up (TV Episode). - https://ve42.co/MBgunfire ▀▀▀ Special thanks to: Elliot MIller, Louis Lebbos, RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Nathan Lanza, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Robert Blum, Sunil Nagaraj, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy kkm KNelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal ▀▀▀ Written by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller, and Emily Zhang Filmed by Derek Muller, Trenton Oliver, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, Raquel Nuno and Eddie Lopez Animation by Ivy Tello, Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, and Jakub Misiek Edited by Trenton Oliver and Derek Muller FPV Drone Pilots: Sammie Saing and Josh Ewalt Slow Motion Camera: Shawn Sanders and Anthony Corrales Phantom slow motion camera & lenses provided by Panny Hire L.A Helicopter Pilots: Rick Shuster and Cliff Fleming Helicopter Safety Officer: Ryan Hosking Production Assistants: Roman Bacvic and Eddie Lopez Research Assistant: Katie Barnshaw Additional video/photos supplied by Pond5 and Getty Images Music from Epidemic Sound Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Emily Zhang$

Why Mosquitoes Bite Some People More Than Others

$How To See Air Currents This is what the world would look like if you could see invisible air currents, temperature gradients, and differences in pressure or composition of the air. Support Veritasium on Patreon: http://ve42.co/patreon Special thanks to Patreon Supporters: Tony Fadell, Donal Botkin, Jeff Straathof, Zach Mueller, Ron Neal, Nathan Hansen I first saw a Schlieren imaging setup around ten years ago in Melbourne. I was immediately fascinated by the way I could see the warm air coming off my hand. I hadnt expected the currents to be moving that fast or to be so visible. This was a tricky setup to get right because alignment is very important and here Im just working with what I had lying around the house mostly (plus the mirror). For the best Schlieren photography, making sure the mirror is stable is essential. I want to improve my setup so the mirror doesnt wobble back and forth too much creating the pulsing light and dark sections of this video. The relationship between index of refraction of air and temperature, pressure, humidity and wavelength is complicated. This website will calculate it for you: http://emtoolbox.nist.gov/Wavelength/Ciddor.asp Slow motion by Hollywood Special Ops: http://www.hollywoodspecialops.com Sound Effects by A Shell in the Pit: http://www.ashellinthepit.com Filmed by Raquel Nuno Special thanks to Blake Nichols for assistance$