Stefan Milo | Why Are Neanderthals Extinct? @StefanMilo | Uploaded April 2019 | Updated October 2024, 5 hours ago.
Was it climate change? A failure to adapt? Competition from homo sapiens? Run out of marmite? All of the above?
Sources:
Abi-Rached, Laurent et al. “The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans.” Science (New York, N.Y.) vol. 334,6052 (2011): 89-94. doi:10.1126/science.1209202
Bicho, Nuno, et al. “Early Upper Paleolithic Colonization across Europe: Time and Mode of the Gravettian Diffusion.” Plos One, vol. 12, no. 5, 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178506.
Meyer, Matthias, et al. “Nuclear DNA Sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima De Los Huesos Hominins.” Nature, vol. 531, no. 7595, 2016, pp. 504–507., doi:10.1038/nature17405.
Papagianni, Dimitra. The Neanderthals Rediscovered. Thames & Hudson, 2015.
Peresani, M., et al. “Late Neandertals and the Intentional Removal of Feathers as Evidenced from Bird Bone Taphonomy at Fumane Cave 44 Ky B.P., Italy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 10, 2011, pp. 3888–3893., doi:10.1073/pnas.1016212108.
Pettitt, Paul. The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge, 2011.
Rendu, W., et al. “Evidence Supporting an Intentional Neandertal Burial at La Chapelle-Aux-Saints.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 111, no. 1, 2013, pp. 81–86., doi:10.1073/pnas.1316780110.
Roberts, Alice. Evolution: The Human Story. Dk Pub, 2018.
Sankararaman, Sriram et al. “The genomic landscape of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans.” Nature vol. 507,7492 (2014): 354-7. doi:10.1038/nature12961
Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. Thames and Hudson, 2018.
J. Josh Snodgrass and William R. Leonard (2009) "Neandertal Energetics Revisited: Insights Into Population Dynamics and Life History Evolution." PaleoAnthropology 2009:220-237
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stefanmilo.com
twitter.com/Historysmilo
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All images used under fair use and creative commons. If you feel an image needs attribution, please email. I will rectify the situation immediately.
Was it climate change? A failure to adapt? Competition from homo sapiens? Run out of marmite? All of the above?
Sources:
Abi-Rached, Laurent et al. “The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans.” Science (New York, N.Y.) vol. 334,6052 (2011): 89-94. doi:10.1126/science.1209202
Bicho, Nuno, et al. “Early Upper Paleolithic Colonization across Europe: Time and Mode of the Gravettian Diffusion.” Plos One, vol. 12, no. 5, 2017, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178506.
Meyer, Matthias, et al. “Nuclear DNA Sequences from the Middle Pleistocene Sima De Los Huesos Hominins.” Nature, vol. 531, no. 7595, 2016, pp. 504–507., doi:10.1038/nature17405.
Papagianni, Dimitra. The Neanderthals Rediscovered. Thames & Hudson, 2015.
Peresani, M., et al. “Late Neandertals and the Intentional Removal of Feathers as Evidenced from Bird Bone Taphonomy at Fumane Cave 44 Ky B.P., Italy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 10, 2011, pp. 3888–3893., doi:10.1073/pnas.1016212108.
Pettitt, Paul. The Palaeolithic Origins of Human Burial. Routledge, 2011.
Rendu, W., et al. “Evidence Supporting an Intentional Neandertal Burial at La Chapelle-Aux-Saints.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 111, no. 1, 2013, pp. 81–86., doi:10.1073/pnas.1316780110.
Roberts, Alice. Evolution: The Human Story. Dk Pub, 2018.
Sankararaman, Sriram et al. “The genomic landscape of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans.” Nature vol. 507,7492 (2014): 354-7. doi:10.1038/nature12961
Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. Thames and Hudson, 2018.
J. Josh Snodgrass and William R. Leonard (2009) "Neandertal Energetics Revisited: Insights Into Population Dynamics and Life History Evolution." PaleoAnthropology 2009:220-237
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
stefanmilo.com
twitter.com/Historysmilo
instagram.com/historysmilo
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
All images used under fair use and creative commons. If you feel an image needs attribution, please email. I will rectify the situation immediately.
![Ancient Amazonian Cities [3 examples...kind of]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/exk_5Vph3ao/hqdefault.jpg "Ancient Amazonian Cities [3 examples...kind of]
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Whats going on with these ancient Amazon cities!
Sources:
Prümers, Heiko, et al. “Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian amazon.” Nature, vol. 606, no. 7913, 25 May 2022, pp. 325–328, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04780-4.
Rostain, Stéphen, et al. “Two Thousand Years of garden urbanism in the Upper Amazon.” Science, vol. 383, no. 6679, 12 Jan. 2024, pp. 183–189, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi6317.
Šprajc, Ivan, et al. “Origins of mesoamerican astronomy and calendar: Evidence from the olmec and maya regions.” Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 1, 6 Jan. 2023, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq7675.
Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
1:02 Thanks to Betterhelp
2:26 Spanish Accounts
6:22 LIDAR
7:17 Paper 1
11:25 Paper 2
15:19 Paper 3
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