Uploaded March 2026 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

---

If Europe's "last pagans" sparked your curiosity, join other curious learners for an 8-week seminar exploring modern Pagan traditions with scholar Thorn Mooney: religiondepartment.com/contemporarypaganism

Europe was supposedly Christian by the Middle Ages, but the reality is more complicated. From the Sámi in Fennoscandia to the Baltic countryside, sacred groves, sacrifices, and animist traditions survived into the modern era.

00:00 Intro
1:43 Who are these people groups?
4:22 Unchristianized society, Christianization, creolization, syncretism
14:48 Case Study: Estonian Paganism
25:31 Why the slow Christianization in Estonia?