Uploaded May 2023 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
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Who Was the First King of Scotland and Great Britain?
The first King of Scotland was Kenneth I MacAlpin, who conquered the Picts and merged them with the Gaels into one political entity in 843AD, the Kingdom of Alba, the embryonic kingdom that Scotland grew out of. MacAlpin had previously ruled as the King of Dál Riada since 841 AD, a Gaelic kingdom in western Scotland centred on Argyll, the inner Hebridean Islands and parts of Ireland for a period. His rule lasted for 15 years until his death in 858, when he was succeeded by his brother. Kenneth I MacAlpin was nicknamed An Ferbasach ("The Conqueror") after he died.
The first King of Great Britain wasn’t a king at all, but a queen, Queen Anne. She had reigned as the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland since 1702, but when Scotland and England merged into Great Britain, Queen Anne ruled as the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714. Anne’s route to the throne resulted from the fact that her sister Mary and Mary’s husband, William of Orange, had no children. When William died in 1702, the throne passed to Anne.
Although Anne was pregnant 17 or 18 times, Anne had no surviving heir by the time of her death in 1714, and she was succeeded by George I of Great Britain. King George was from the House of Hanover, replacing the rule of House of Stuart on the throne.
Sources:
Kenneth MacAlpin en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin
Dalriada britannica.com/place/Dalriada
Anne, Queen of Great Britain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain#Pregnancies_and_issue
#scotland #britain #kingcharles
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Who Was the First King of Scotland and Great Britain?
The first King of Scotland was Kenneth I MacAlpin, who conquered the Picts and merged them with the Gaels into one political entity in 843AD, the Kingdom of Alba, the embryonic kingdom that Scotland grew out of. MacAlpin had previously ruled as the King of Dál Riada since 841 AD, a Gaelic kingdom in western Scotland centred on Argyll, the inner Hebridean Islands and parts of Ireland for a period. His rule lasted for 15 years until his death in 858, when he was succeeded by his brother. Kenneth I MacAlpin was nicknamed An Ferbasach ("The Conqueror") after he died.
The first King of Great Britain wasn’t a king at all, but a queen, Queen Anne. She had reigned as the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland since 1702, but when Scotland and England merged into Great Britain, Queen Anne ruled as the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714. Anne’s route to the throne resulted from the fact that her sister Mary and Mary’s husband, William of Orange, had no children. When William died in 1702, the throne passed to Anne.
Although Anne was pregnant 17 or 18 times, Anne had no surviving heir by the time of her death in 1714, and she was succeeded by George I of Great Britain. King George was from the House of Hanover, replacing the rule of House of Stuart on the throne.
Sources:
Kenneth MacAlpin en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_MacAlpin
Dalriada britannica.com/place/Dalriada
Anne, Queen of Great Britain en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain#Pregnancies_and_issue
#scotland #britain #kingcharles

![The TRUTH About Russian Redheads… (Udmurt Republic)
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The TRUTH About Russian Redheads… (Udmurt Republic)
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:28 Udmurt Republic and Red Hair
2:02 R1b Haplogroup, Red Hair & Climate?
4:14 Founder Effect & Sexual Attractiveness?
5:09 Vote For Video Topics & Merch
5:30 Udmurtia & the Origins of Red Hair?
6:16 Vikings?
7:36 Genetics of Udmurt People & Haplogroups
When you think of people with red hair, places like Scotland and Ireland probably immediately come to mind. Yet there is a region of Russia that is home to a people who have been described as having the reddest hair in the world, the Udmurt people. So in this video I want look at why red hair is common among the Udmurts and how this trait developed in this part of the world? At the end of this video as well, I will also look at the genetics of the Udmurt people, the haplogroups that are common among them, and if this relates to red hair at all?
Now the Udmurt Republic is in a region of Russia which sits just east of the Volga river, and just west of the Ural mountains. The Udmurt people are a Finno-Ugric ethnic group that have much higher levels of red hair than the global average. In general, the amount of people globally with naturally red hair is only between 1–2%, making it the rarest hair color in the world. In the Udmurt Republic however, rates of red hair are between 5–15% depending on the source.
For comparison, Scotland and Ireland are generally considered to have some of the highest amount of people with red hair on earth, at between 6-13% of people in Scotland and around 10% in Ireland, putting the people of the Udmurt Republic right up there as far as the highest rates of red hair in the world, perhaps even number 1 depending on the source. And the Udmurts are proud of this trait. Every year, they have a festival celebrating red-haired people, held in their capital, Izhevsk.
But why does this tiny republic in Russia have such high levels of people with red hair compared to most other parts of Russia and the world? Now to get the obvious element out of the way, we know from a simple genetic perspective that the primary driver of red hair is due to a mutation on the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R), which is located on chromosome 16, a gene that is involved in melanin production. Red hair is considered a recessive trait.
Sources:
The people with the reddest hair in the world https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-29950844
Redheads are Gathering Around the World - https://redhairedroots.com/2018/06/redheads-are-gathering-around-the-world/
The genetic causes, ethnic origins and history of red hair - Eupedia
Zinchenko RA, Elchinova GI, Petrov NV, Osipova EV, Malyshev PIu, Poliakov AV, Ginter EK. [Genetic structure of the Udmurt population]. Genetika. 2007 Aug;43(8):1107-19. Russian. PMID: 17958312. Genetic_Structure_of_the_Udmurt_Population.pdf
Tambets, K., Yunusbayev, B., Hudjashov, G. et al. Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations. Genome Biol 19, 139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1
Udmurts - Wikipedia
Recessive Traits and Alleles
Udmurtia - Wikipedia
Zdrojewicz Z, Kowalik M, Jagodziński A. Tajemnice rudowłosych [Secrets of the red-headed]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2016 Dec 22;41(246):306-309. Polish. PMID: 28024137. [Secrets of the red-headed] - PubMed
Founder Effect
Irish and Udmurts Share “Redheadedness” | Ed Mooney Photography
Udmurtiya | Republic in Russia, Culture & History | Britannica
Ginger snaps: portraits of redheads in Russia and Scotland https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2017/sep/01/gingers-portraits-of-redheads-in-russia-and-scotland
Sunrise and sunset times, day length in Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia today and for the current month
Who are the Udmurts? | Russia’s most red haired and musical ethnic group
Creative Commons Imagery:
Vyacheslav Bukharov File:Saint Michael the Archangel Church (Izhevsk)-53.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International - Creative Commons
Alexander Ermolaev File:UdSU 1.jpg - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International - Creative Commons
Briangotts File:Varangian routes.png - Wikimedia Commons Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. Deed - Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported - Creative Commons
Udmurt red hair – Russian redheads - ethnic minorities in Russia – Russia – Udmurt Republic – Udmurt People – Udmurts – ginger – redhead – mc1r gene - Why Red Hair - Reason Red Hair - R1b Haplogroup
#redhair #ancestry #dna The TRUTH About Russian Redheads… (Udmurt Republic)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ecv_UHJXyZQ/mqdefault.jpg)



![Ancient Ancestors: The Bronze Age Bell Beaker Culture in Britain and Europe (2800-1800BC)
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Ancient Ancestors: The Bronze Age Bell Beaker Culture in Britain and Europe
Nealy 5,000 years ago in Iberia, present day Spain and Portugal, a new bell shaped pottery vessel appeared. Within less than 100 years, the ancient culture named after these Bell Beakers had spread across much of Western and Central Europe and into the British Isles, including reaching islands such as Sardinia and Sicily, in addition to parts of northern Africa.
This Bell Beaker culture had a profound impact on the genetic makeup of the British Isles. Within a few hundred years, this Beaker culture introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool, according to a study published in Nature in 2018.
But we’re getting ahead of ourselves. The Bell Beaker Culture refers to an archaeological culture that gets it’s name from the shape of their distinctive bell beakers found all across Europe from thousands of years ago, drinking vessels in the shape of inverted-bells. They were often decorated in horizontal zones by finely toothed stamps.
The Bell Beaker culture arose around 2800BC, and it lasted in Britain until 1800BC. In continental Europe however, the culture lasted around 500 years until 2300BC, when it was replaced by the Unetice culture. The Beaker culture replaced and interacted with previous archaeological cultures in Europe, such as the earlier Corded Ware culture and the Funnelbeaker culture.
One stunning site associated with the Bell Beakers is the Pömmelte ring sanctuary in Germany today. Built with wood and dated as far back as 2300 BC as the earliest phase of the ritual centre, it is thought to have had an astrological significance and many parallels have been drawn with Stonehenge.
The people associated with this culture are known as the Beaker people. Probably from a warlike stock, they were known as bowmen mainly, but also carried daggers and/or spearheads. Beaker people are often described as being tall and heavy boned.Their extensive search for copper (and gold) greatly accelerated the spread of bronze metallurgy in Europe, and it’s though that there expansion was in part fuelled by the search for metals. In fact, the earliest copper production in Ireland, identified at Ross Island in the period 2400–2200 BC, was associated with early Beaker pottery. Here, the local ores were smelted to produce the first copper axes used in Britain and Ireland.
The spread if the Beaker culture into Central Europe brought it into contact with the Battle-Ax (or Single-Grave) culture. The two cultures are thought to have intermixed. Although the Bell Beakers spread across much of Europe, there seemed to concentrations of Beaker culture in certain pockets, as this map from Barry Cunliffe’s book on the Ancient Celts shows.
Sources:
National History Museum, The Beaker people: a new population for ancient Britain https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2018/february/the-beaker-people-a-new-population-for-ancient-britain.html
Nature (Olade et al.) The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25738
Britannica, Beaker folk https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oguz
Bell Beaker culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Beaker_culture
Barry Cunliffe (2018) The Ancient Celts (Oxford University Press)
Corded Ware culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture
Funnelbeaker culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture ]
Ross Island, Killarney https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Island,_Killarney
#history #bellbeaker #bellbeakerculture Ancient Ancestors: The Bronze Age Bell Beaker Culture in Britain and Europe (2800-1800BC)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/FgO6cxpKoAs/mqdefault.jpg)




