Uploaded October 2020 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
This video is all about COVID-19 vaccines (COVID-19 Vaccine Update November). Many COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed. But which COVID-19 will work?
00:00-01:12 Introduction
01:12-03:05 How COVID-19 Vaccines Are Approved
03:05-06:00 Viral Vectored Vaccines
06:00-7:00 Inactivated Vaccines
7:00-9:47 Protein Subunit & mRNA Vaccines
9:47-12:20 Addressing Important Questions
🔬 Subscribe for more awesome biomedical research: bit.ly/2SRMqhC
🔬Me being funny on other media:
Twitter: twitter.com/CSteinek
Discord: discord.gg/9VKnTSF
In order for a COVID-19 vaccine to be approved it has to be tested successfully in pre-clinical and clinical trials. First, possible COVID-19 vaccines are developed during pre-clinical trials and then tested on humans during phase 1-4 clinical trials. If a COVID-19 vaccine turns out to be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, it might get approved. Currently, 5 COVID-19 vaccines are testes in phase 3 clinical trials (COVID-19 Vaccine Update October 2020).
All COVID-19 vaccines need to provoke immune responses leading to immunological memory. There are different categories of COVID-19 vaccines:
- Viral vectored vaccines (where Adenoviruses produce SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins). Here we find the Oxford Vaccine (University of Oxford + AstraZeneca), a vaccine by CanSinoBIO and Sputnik V.
- Inactivated Vaccines (where SARS-CoV-2 is destroyed and then injected). CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) falls into that category.
- Protein Subunit Vaccins (where SARS-CoV-2 proteins are injected).Here we find NVX-CoV2373 by Novavax.
- mRNA Vaccines (where mRNAs are injected). Both mRNA 1273 by Moderna and NIAID and Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine fall into this category.
For your further Reading:
nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2020/11/how-will-we-distribute-a-covid-19-vaccine-here-is-one-potential-path
van Doremalen, Neeltje, et al. "ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques." bioRxiv (2020).
Jackson, Lisa A., et al. "An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2—preliminary report." New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
Gao, Qiang, et al. "Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2." Science (2020).
Pardi, Norbert, et al. "mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology." Nature reviews Drug discovery 17.4 (2018): 261.
Keech, Cheryl, et al. "Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine." New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
Images:
Some pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: smart.servier.com
Additionally:
"Life Size Lego Syringe - Water - Trans Blue" by seanmichaelragan, CC BY 2.0
"Measles" by Wellcome Library, London, CC BY 4.0
"3-D Adenovirus" by Thomas Splettstoesser (www.scistyle.com), CC A-SA 4.0
"Smallpox" by Wellcome Images (www.wellcome.org), CC A 4.0
"Malaria Parasite" by NIAID (www.NIAID.nih.gov) CC A 2.0
Music:
Intro:
Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com
Body:
Title: Buddha by Kontekst
Genre and Mood: Hip Hop & Rap + Bright
Artist: incompetech.com
About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.
This video is all about COVID-19 vaccines (COVID-19 Vaccine Update November). Many COVID-19 vaccines are currently being developed. But which COVID-19 will work?
00:00-01:12 Introduction
01:12-03:05 How COVID-19 Vaccines Are Approved
03:05-06:00 Viral Vectored Vaccines
06:00-7:00 Inactivated Vaccines
7:00-9:47 Protein Subunit & mRNA Vaccines
9:47-12:20 Addressing Important Questions
🔬 Subscribe for more awesome biomedical research: bit.ly/2SRMqhC
🔬Me being funny on other media:
Twitter: twitter.com/CSteinek
Discord: discord.gg/9VKnTSF
In order for a COVID-19 vaccine to be approved it has to be tested successfully in pre-clinical and clinical trials. First, possible COVID-19 vaccines are developed during pre-clinical trials and then tested on humans during phase 1-4 clinical trials. If a COVID-19 vaccine turns out to be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, it might get approved. Currently, 5 COVID-19 vaccines are testes in phase 3 clinical trials (COVID-19 Vaccine Update October 2020).
All COVID-19 vaccines need to provoke immune responses leading to immunological memory. There are different categories of COVID-19 vaccines:
- Viral vectored vaccines (where Adenoviruses produce SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins). Here we find the Oxford Vaccine (University of Oxford + AstraZeneca), a vaccine by CanSinoBIO and Sputnik V.
- Inactivated Vaccines (where SARS-CoV-2 is destroyed and then injected). CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) falls into that category.
- Protein Subunit Vaccins (where SARS-CoV-2 proteins are injected).Here we find NVX-CoV2373 by Novavax.
- mRNA Vaccines (where mRNAs are injected). Both mRNA 1273 by Moderna and NIAID and Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine fall into this category.
For your further Reading:
nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2020/11/how-will-we-distribute-a-covid-19-vaccine-here-is-one-potential-path
van Doremalen, Neeltje, et al. "ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques." bioRxiv (2020).
Jackson, Lisa A., et al. "An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2—preliminary report." New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
Gao, Qiang, et al. "Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2." Science (2020).
Pardi, Norbert, et al. "mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology." Nature reviews Drug discovery 17.4 (2018): 261.
Keech, Cheryl, et al. "Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine." New England Journal of Medicine (2020).
Images:
Some pictures were derived from Servier Medical Art by Servier. You can find over 3000 free medical images here: smart.servier.com
Additionally:
"Life Size Lego Syringe - Water - Trans Blue" by seanmichaelragan, CC BY 2.0
"Measles" by Wellcome Library, London, CC BY 4.0
"3-D Adenovirus" by Thomas Splettstoesser (www.scistyle.com), CC A-SA 4.0
"Smallpox" by Wellcome Images (www.wellcome.org), CC A 4.0
"Malaria Parasite" by NIAID (www.NIAID.nih.gov) CC A 2.0
Music:
Intro:
Light Sting by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com
Body:
Title: Buddha by Kontekst
Genre and Mood: Hip Hop & Rap + Bright
Artist: incompetech.com
About Clemens Steinek:
CLEMENS STEINEK is a postgraduate student/youtuber (LifeLabLearner) who is currently conducting stem cell research in Germany.
