Uploaded March 2025 | Updated September 2026, 4 days ago

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When two adjacent buildings have different heights or dynamic characteristics, they can collide during an earthquake due to out-of-phase vibrations. This phenomenon is known as building pounding.

In this illustration, the shorter building’s roof hits the taller building’s column during horizontal shaking—leading to structural damage that could be catastrophic if not accounted for during design.

❗ Key Points to Remember:
Occurs During Earthquake Shaking

Especially when buildings vibrate at different frequencies.

Common in Closely Spaced Buildings

Insufficient separation gap causes impact during lateral motion.

Can Lead to:

Structural cracks

Damage to columns and beams

Complete failure of load-bearing members

Prevention Strategy:

Provide adequate seismic separation joints based on expected lateral displacement.

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