Uploaded December 2020 | Updated September 2026, 2 minutes ago
The Earth’s atmosphere contains around 21% oxygen along with 78% Nitrogen and 1% other gases such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen. Although oxygen is not as abundant in our atmosphere as Nitrogen, it is the most important for life. We humans, along with many other creatures, need oxygen in the air we breathe to stay alive. Without oxygen, we would not be able to do anything since our bodies need oxygen to obtain energy to fuel all our living processes. 90% of our energy comes from oxygen with the rest coming from food and water. So, without oxygen, we would not be able to survive even for a few minutes.
Now, this sounds like we could all use some more oxygen in the air we breathe. So, what if we cranked up the oxygen levels to 42% in the atmosphere? Surely this would only be good news for us all. Let us explore what would happen if we doubled the amount of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere!
The Earth’s atmosphere contains around 21% oxygen along with 78% Nitrogen and 1% other gases such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen. Although oxygen is not as abundant in our atmosphere as Nitrogen, it is the most important for life. We humans, along with many other creatures, need oxygen in the air we breathe to stay alive. Without oxygen, we would not be able to do anything since our bodies need oxygen to obtain energy to fuel all our living processes. 90% of our energy comes from oxygen with the rest coming from food and water. So, without oxygen, we would not be able to survive even for a few minutes.
Now, this sounds like we could all use some more oxygen in the air we breathe. So, what if we cranked up the oxygen levels to 42% in the atmosphere? Surely this would only be good news for us all. Let us explore what would happen if we doubled the amount of oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere!
![Information Mastery (Alternate Kardashev Scale) | Introduction
The Kardashev Scale is one of the most popularized way to determine a civilization’s ranking and advancements in whatever universe they reside in. Nikolai Kardashev introduced his scale first in 1964, however, this scale has been modified and tweaked by many different cosmologists, astrophysicists, and even science fiction authors over many years. Some of the more popular alternative approaches to the Kardashev Scale include Microdimensional Mastery by John Barrow, Planetary Mastery by Robert Zubrin, and Information Mastery by Carl Sagan. Today, our focus will be on the Information Mastery version of the Kardashev scale.
In his book, The Cosmic Connection, Carl Segan proposed an alternative approach to the Kardashev Scale. He added another dimension to the original scale in addition to the pure energy usage that was first used to characterize different civilizations. Sagan believed that the amount of information available to civilization should be an important criterion when trying to come up with a useful metric to measure different types of civilizations. So he assigned a lettered scale from A-Z where each letter meant an order of magnitude increase in the volume of information a civilization can hold. This information, he proposed, could be described in terms of bits, the number of yes or no statements concerning different civilizations, and the universe that such civilizations occupy. He started with a Type A civilization that he believed would have access to about 10^6 bits of unique information available to it. According to Carl Sagan, this civilization type would be extremely primitive and less than any recorded civilization in human history. On the other end of the scale though, a Type Z civilization, he argued, would have about 10^31 unique bits of information available to it, making it the most highly advanced civilization in its universe. One thing to be aware of here is that for a civilization to advance to higher stages on this scale, it must add unique bits of information to its preexisting knowledge. For example, information is counted if a brand new technology is invented or an already existing technology is innovated. Moreover, it is important to keep in mind that the information and energy axes are not strictly interdependent here as well. This means that even a Type Z civilization would not need to be a Type 3 civilization on the original Kardashev Scale. It could be more or less advanced than a type 3 because the focus of the Information Mastery Scale is on the amount of unique information a civilization possesses. So, In general, Carl Sagan believed that a civilization that is high on the energy scale could also be high on the information scale. But this does not necessarily have to be true. The reason for this is because Sagan argued that “[we] certainly can imagine societies that are very complex and require many more bits to characterize them than our society requires – but that are not interested in interstellar communication”. This means a highly advanced civilization with numerous bits of information wouldn’t necessarily want to expand outwards in its universe classifying it lower in terms of the original energy usage criterion of the Kardashev Scale. An example of this might be a highly developed civilization like the Autobots and Decepticons from Transformers who reside on Cybertron, a highly advanced planet, but do not venture out into space to colonize any other planets or star systems. This is the key difference between Nikolai Kardashev’s original idea and Carl Sagan’s interpretation of it. Information Mastery (Alternate Kardashev Scale) | Introduction](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nCJiLhFkMLU/mqdefault.jpg)









