Uploaded October 2021 | Updated September 2026, 1 hour ago

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What's the difference between grad students and undergrad students? One difference is how they go about solving problems, especially complicated problems involving lots of data. I'll give you a hint: the answer has something to do with adaptive expertise. Grad students got it. Or at least have something that we'd call adaptive expertise.

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00:00 Introduction
00:14 The problem
01:18 Who did better?
01:52 The more important question
03:43 What grad students did
04:48 Undergrad style
05:12 Improving the tool
06:19 What does time have to do with it?
06:52 It's about habits
08:12 My sales pitch


The study this video was based on:

Martin, L., & Schwartz, D. L. (2009). Prospective adaptation in the use of external representations. Cognition and Instruction, 27(4), 370-400. (available at https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.538.7632&rep=rep1&type=pdf)

The cash register sound comes courtesy of Muska666 at Soundbible.com.