Uploaded May 2025 | Updated September 2026, 1 week ago
New research shows that current levels of warming will cause sea level rise that is too fast to adapt to. We're in for several metres of sea level rise over many centuries - but the faster it happens, the harder it is to cope with.
Paper: Stokes et al. (2025) Nature Comms Earth & Env, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w
New research shows that current levels of warming will cause sea level rise that is too fast to adapt to. We're in for several metres of sea level rise over many centuries - but the faster it happens, the harder it is to cope with.
Paper: Stokes et al. (2025) Nature Comms Earth & Env, doi: 10.1038/s43247-025-02299-w




![Heres what you need to know about climate change.
To celebrate hitting 10k subs (thank you!) I have put together a video showing the ten biggest themes to watch out for in climate science. Watch out for these!
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Contents
00:00 – Intro
00:45 – Oceans
03:05 – Climate Models
06:15 – Uncertainty
07:57 – Clouds
09:35 – Climate Sensitivity
11:45 – Commitments
15:00 – Tipping Points
16:50 – False Solutions
20:30 – Bad Actors
23:45 – Activism
#ClimateChange #Science
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Steven Cowling, Eliot Bryant, Baerbel Winkler, Patrick Hillberg, Michael Unterweger, James Harley Gorrell & Lucien Mansell.
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REFERENCES / READING
*Oceans/sea ice*
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-68921215
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-66387537 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/15/oceans-have-been-absorbing-the-worlds-extra-heat-but-theres-a-huge-payback
https://environments.aq/publications/the-warming-of-the-southern-ocean-and-its-significance/
Cai et al. (2023) Science Bulletin 68 (9) 946-960
Diamond et al. (2024) GRL 51 (10) e2024GL109265
Gilbert & Holmes (2024) Weather 79 (2) 46-51
Purich & Doddridge (2023) Commun Earth Environ 4, 314
Shi et al. (2024) Nature Comms 15 (174)
https://phys.org/news/2022-05-deep-ocean-climate.html
Messias & Mercier (2022) Commun Earth Environ 3, 118
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-ocean-heat-content
https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/
*Climate models*
https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-well-have-climate-models-projected-global-warming/
https://www.carbonbrief.org/qa-how-do-climate-models-work/
Hausfather et al. (2020) GRL 47 (1)
https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/climate-model-projections-compared-to-observations/
*Uncertainty *
https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Uncertainty-Error-and-Confidence/157
*Clouds*
Ceppi et al (2021) PNAS 118 (30) e2026290118
https://e360.yale.edu/features/why-clouds-are-the-key-to-new-troubling-projections-on-warming
https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/442741-the-role-that-clouds-play-in-climate-change
*ECS*
Sherwood et al (2020) R. Geophys. 58 (4) e2019RG000678
Sherwood & Forest (2024) ACP 24 (4) 2679–2686
IPCC AR6 WG1
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00658-0
https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-how-scientists-estimate-climate-sensitivity/
Charney et al (1979) National Academies report
https://andthentheresphysics.wordpress.com/2023/01/15/some-more-about-hansen-et-al/
https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2016/09/why-correlations-of-co2-and-temperature-over-ice-age-cycles-dont-define-climate-sensitivity/
https://skepticalscience.com/argument.php?p=2&t=386&&a=115
https://andthentheresphysics.wordpress.com/2023/01/11/hansens-10c/
*Committed warming/SLR *
Matthews & Weaver (2010) Nature Geosci. 3, 142–143
Matthews & Caldeira (2008) GRL 35 (4)
Matthews (2023) Front. Sci. 14
Matthews & Solomon (2013) Science 340 ( 6131), 438-439
Klose et al. (2024) Cryosphere [preprint]
https://climateanalytics.org/publications/committed-sea-level-rise-under-the-paris-agreement-and-the-legacy-of-delayed-mitigation-action
Palmer & Weeks (2024) Earths Fut. 12 (2) e2023EF004403
Box et al. (2022) Nature Climate Change 12, 808–813
Mengel et al. (2018) Nature Comms 9 (601)
https://theconversation.com/ipcc-climate-report-profound-changes-are-underway-in-earths-oceans-and-ice-a-lead-author-explains-what-the-warnings-mean-165588
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3Gol-EK1uE
*Tipping points*
Carbon Brief https://www.carbonbrief.org/explainer-nine-tipping-points-that-could-be-triggered-by-climate-change/
https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/11/11/how-close-are-we-to-climate-tipping-points/
Armstrong McKay et al. (2022) Science 377 (6611)
Boers & Rypdal (2022) PNAS 118 (21) e2024192118
Pattyn et al. (2018) Nature Climate Change 8, 1053–1061
*False Solutions *
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-08-11/the-fictitious-world-of-carbon-neutral-fossil-fuel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcQ4BzHGaS8
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20231110-the-tough-truth-behind-corporate-net-zero-sustainability-targets
*Bad actors *
https://skepticalscience.com/history-FLICC-5-techniques-science-denial.html
https://counterhate.com/research/new-climate-denial/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XSG2Dw2mL8
* Activism *
https://granthaminstitute.com/2019/10/07/put-your-fate-in-your-hands-rebelling-against-extinction-gave-me-hope-for-the-future/
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/climate-action-unit/climate-action
https://voteclimate.uk/
https://tedxlondon.com/podcast/climate-curious-why-theres-much-more-to-climate-action-than-reducing-your-carbon-footprint/ Heres what you need to know about climate change.](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gi4MonDvpTc/mqdefault.jpg)





