Uploaded January 2026 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
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Europa is considered one of the most promising places in the solar system to look for extraterrestrial life. But new studies suggest that we were wrong. That the sub-surface ocean is most probably uninhabitable and lifeless. Why is it so and what does it mean for future missions and search for life? Finding out in this interview.
π£ Guest: Dr. Paul Byrne
https://bsky.app/profile/theplanetaryguy.bsky.social
π Europa May Be Lifeless and Unihabitable After All
universetoday.com/articles/europa-may-be-lifeless-and-unihabitable-after-all
00:00 Intro
00:57 Why life could exist on Europa
10:48 Details of the research
17:57 Potential conditions for life
23:52 Crushing hopes
30:21 What it means for other sub-surface ocean worlds
36:30 The emotional response
43:02 Current obsessions
49:05 Final thoughts
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π΄ [Interview+] No YT ads
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Europa is considered one of the most promising places in the solar system to look for extraterrestrial life. But new studies suggest that we were wrong. That the sub-surface ocean is most probably uninhabitable and lifeless. Why is it so and what does it mean for future missions and search for life? Finding out in this interview.
π£ Guest: Dr. Paul Byrne
https://bsky.app/profile/theplanetaryguy.bsky.social
π Europa May Be Lifeless and Unihabitable After All
universetoday.com/articles/europa-may-be-lifeless-and-unihabitable-after-all
00:00 Intro
00:57 Why life could exist on Europa
10:48 Details of the research
17:57 Potential conditions for life
23:52 Crushing hopes
30:21 What it means for other sub-surface ocean worlds
36:30 The emotional response
43:02 Current obsessions
49:05 Final thoughts
π° GUIDE TO SPACE NEWSLETTER
Read by 70,000 people every Friday. Written by Fraser. No ads.
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π§ PODCASTS
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π© CONTACT FRASER
frasercain@gmail.com
βοΈ LICENSE
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You are free to use my work for any purpose you like, just mention me as the source and link back to this video.

![Capitalism in Space, Orbit vs Moon, Extraterrestrial Lightning | Q&A 375
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How can capitalism exist in space? Which will be commercially successful first, Earth orbit or the Moon? Did we observe lightnings on other planets? And in Q&A+, could aliens be watching Earth as a reality TV show?
00:00 Start
00:25 [Todd Ablett] Which first commercially successful moon base or commercially successful space station?
01:24 [P0tato Biden] How can capitalism exist in space?
02:42 [One] Can I imagine the Chinese landing on the Moon?
04:19 [churchdiscography] Did we see lightning on other planets?
05:03 [Redhead Roadtrip] Will astronauts on the Moon be vulnerable to space radiation?
05:15 [Michael Boulos] Copies of Earth in an infinite Universe
08:36 [snarzetax] What is the Timescapes model?
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![The Actual Bottleneck for Artemis Moon Landings
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Hereβs what might delay Artemis, New Glenn flies again, but thereβs a problem, Voyager 1 has to shut down another instrument, Vera Rubin is finding so many asteroids. And in Space Bites+, an incredible image to celebrate Hubbleβs 35th birthday.
00:00 Intro
00:18 Potential bottleneck for Artemis
https://arstechnica.com/space/2026/04/whats-the-deal-with-spacesuits-for-the-moon-will-they-be-ready-in-time/
03:20 China Shows Off a 5-Meter Rocket Module
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/china-unveils-a-massive-5-meter-composite-module-for-its-next-generation-reusable-rocket
06:20 Success and Failure of New Glenn NG-3
https://arstechnica.com/space/2026/04/errant-upper-stage-spoils-blue-origins-success-in-reusing-new-glenn-booster/
08:25 Voyager Shuts Down More Instruments
https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/voyager/2026/04/17/nasa-shuts-off-instrument-on-voyager-1-to-keep-spacecraft-operating/
11:08 Vera Rubin Discovers A Lot of Asteroids
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-vera-c-rubin-observatory-has-discovered-11000-new-asteroids-and-its-barely-even-started
12:36 Vote results
13:06 Organics on Mars
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/msl-curiosity-found-new-organic-chemicals-on-mars-proof-that-the-planet-can-preserve-ancient-biosign
15:09 Romanβs Ready to Launch
16:51 SPHEREx Mapping the Sky
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/nasas-spherex-telescope-just-mapped-the-cosmic-ices-that-will-someday-build-planets
18:05 The Universe in X-Rays
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/behold-the-solar-system-in-all-its-x-ray-glory
19:18 More space news
20:20 Complexity of the interviews
Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
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![Accidental Moon Photo // New NASA Budget Cuts // New Class of Stars
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Artemis 2 is going well. The White House proposes to cut back NASAs budget. Webb looks at two protoplanetary systems. An entirely new class of stars. And in Space Bites Plus, Japan is planning a comet return mission.
SLS IR Video: https://images-assets.nasa.gov/video/KSC-20260401-MH-SFL01-0001-Artemis_II_UCS9_NIR_QUICKLOOK_STABILIZED-M19183/KSC-20260401-MH-SFL01-0001-Artemis_II_UCS9_NIR_QUICKLOOK_STABILIZED-M19183~large.mp4
00:00 Intro
00:18 Artemis 2 is going really well
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/artemis-ii-mission-shares-first-photo-of-earth
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/nasa-releases-images-of-artemis-iis-flight-behind-the-moon
07:20 NASA Budget Cuts Amid Artemis 2 and Ignition Announcements
https://www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-the-skinny-budget-and-what-does-it-mean-for-nasa
09:36 Two Planets Forming
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/webbs-picture-of-the-month-features-two-planet-forming-disks-and-a-few-possible-planets
11:00 New Class of Star
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/a-new-class-of-star-merger-remnant
13:34 Idea for a Mercury Rover
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/a-mercury-rover-could-explore-the-planet-by-sticking-to-the-terminator
16:09 Vote results
https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/posts
16:44 SuperCDMS
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/supercdm-experiment-reaches-critical-temperature-bringing-it-one-step-closer-to-detecting-dark-matte
18:22 JWSTs Hidden Treasure
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/jwst-spies-once-hidden-treasures-in-the-w51-starbirth-crche
20:03 More space news
21:22 Most influential space moments
Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
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![Earth from Mars, Asteroid Discoveries After Vera Rubin, Life in Mars Samples | Q&A 383
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Could people on Mars see city lights on Earth? Will it still be possible for amateurs to discover asteroids after Vera Rubin? What can we expect from Mars samples? And in Q&A+, what happens if you put your hand across the event horizon of a black hole?
00:00 Start
00:25 [@BMichaelNeal] Could we see cities on Earth from Mars?
03:40 [@StanleyandTool2647] more on city lights from space
03:57 [@MrSquirrel13] Will we still be able to discover asteroids after Vera Rubin comes online?
06:47 [@behboodik] What happens if samples from Mars are inconclusive?
10:04 [@paigepotter4682] Whatβs something some professionals worry about that the public rarely considers?
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![NASA Just Funded This Insane Study to Resolve The Largest Known Black Hole [NIAC 2026]
π΄ [Interview+] No YT ads. Bonus Part. FREE for everyone
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π£ Guest: Jeff Nosanov
https://orbitalvelocity.space/
The 2026 NIAC Awards are out! This is OBLIVION. A project thats aims to utilize an innovative interferometry technique to resolve TON-618, the largest known black hole in the Universe. This will require insane precision, formation flying and lasers.
π OBLIVION: Observing Black hole LIght Via Intensity cOrrelatioN
https://www.nasa.gov/general/oblivion-observing-black-hole-light-via-intensity-correlation/
π All 2026 NIAC Selections
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/niac-studies/niac-2026-selections/
ποΈ Space Madness Podcast
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π How to do Business with NASA: A Practical Guide for Entrepreneurs, Innovators, and Contractors
https://a.co/d/062c8pxQ
00:00 Intro
01:45 NIAC Season 2026
02:54 OBLIVION
11:06 How can it possibly work
16:18 Possible targets for observation
20:01 Alternative applications
26:23 Orbital Velocity LLC
36:28 Current obsessions
43:51 Final thoughts
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![NASAs Insane Rescue Mission With A Crazy Budget
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A mission to rescue a falling space telescope. More uses for the solar gravitational lens. The Euclid Space Telescope images the center of the Milky Way. And in Space Bites+, a star ate a planet.
00:00 Intro
00:15 Rescue mission for a falling telescope
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonianmag/this-week-nasa-will-launch-a-first-of-its-kind-mission-to-save-a-space-telescope-that-has-observed-the-sky-for-nearly-22-years-180988998/
03:40 More Uses for the Solar Gravitational Lens
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-solar-gravitational-lens-could-map-white-dwarfs-and-black-holes
07:43 Six Galaxies Become One
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-jwst-spies-six-galaxies-becoming-one
09:44 Dying by the Wrong Rules
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/a-star-dying-by-the-wrong-rules
11:40 Vote results
12:07 The Secret of Early Galaxy Growth
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/cosmic-dawn-fuel-discovery-unlocks-early-galaxy-growth-secrets-vla-fuel-discovery
13:54 The First Pair of Sibling Supernova Remnants
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/this-is-the-first-pair-of-sibling-supernova-remnants
16:07 Euclid Captures Milky Wayβs Bulge
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/ESA_s_Euclid_captures_the_Milky_Way_s_crowded_heart
18:34 More space news
19:58 Bad naming in Astronomy
Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
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![Nights on Venus, Best Interstellar Propulsion Tech, Suns Stellar Flybys | Q&A 409
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Does it get dark on Venus during the night? Which propulsion tech is the best for realistic interstellar travel? Which Astrophysicist is my favourite and why? And in Q&A+, what research would I do if I were a scientist, not a journalist?
00:00 Intro
00:25 [@Smo1k] Does it get dark on Venus during the night?
01:39 [@trickymick] Could strange orbits of the dwarf planets be caused by an ancient stellar flyby?
02:25 [@SuatΓzdemirci] Whats the best tech for realistic interstellar propulsion?
04:45 [@N.Armstrng] What happens when two black holes merge?
06:38 [@doogle4144] Why do I do patreon interviews?
11:14 [@happybuttersblast8334] Who is my favorite astrophysicist and why?
13:07 Outro
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![Orbital VS Surface Lunar Bases | Q&A 421
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How hard is it to keep rocket fuel in space? Which is better, a Moon mission on the surface or in orbit? How would a space station look like in a binary planet system? And in Q&A+, could we launch a probe into a black hole?
00:00 Intro
00:24 [@geohondo] Is it problematic to keep rocket fuel in space for extended time?
07:09 [@drewd2] Would a lunar base be more effective for reducing the cost of space exploration?
09:32 [@vistotutti6037] Are we capable of launching Voyager class probes out of our solar system today?
12:21 [@thelightrunner2612] Would a large space station at the barycentre of binary planets work?
16:24 Science VS Religion
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![Fresh Huge Lunar Crater // 3D-Map of The Universe // Stardust on Venus
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Theres a new scar on the moon. The Artemis II astronauts return home safely. A new survey has just wrapped up its scan for dark energy. Supermassive black holes ready to merge. And in Space Bites Plus, astronomers find one of the oldest stars in the universe.
00:00 Intro
00:20 New Scar on The Moon
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-moon-just-got-a-new-scar
02:20 Artemis 2 Recap
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-world-welcomes-the-crew-of-artemis-ii-home
04:33 DESI 5-year observations
https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2026/04/15/desi-completes-planned-3d-map-of-the-universe-and-continues-exploring/
07:34 SMBHs about to merge
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/two-monsters-one-galaxy-and-a-collision-100-years-away
10:04 Reuse of the New Glenns booster
https://spaceflightnow.com/2026/04/16/blue-origin-hot-fires-its-first-previously-flown-booster-prepares-for-weekend-launch/
11:14 Blue Alchemist
https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/departments/from-moon-dust-to-moon-colonies/
12:32 Demarcation of Stars and Planets
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/wheres-the-dividing-line-between-a-star-and-a-planet-ask-the-jwst
14:53 Vote results
15:51 Stardust in the clouds of Venus
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/stardust-in-the-clouds-of-venus
17:25 More NASA Nuclear Missions
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/exploring-the-moons-shadowy-craters-with-nuclear-powered-rovers
19:35 Most Powerful Telescope
https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-universes-most-powerful-telescope
20:55 Even more space news
Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
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![How Vera Rubins Insane Data Pipeline Works. And How You Can Use It
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How does Vera Rubins data stream work? Why are there data brokers and whats their function? Who can use the data and how you can do that? How will the discoveries be made and who will have naming rights? Finding the answers in this interview.
π£ Guest: Dr. Tom Matheson
https://antares.noirlab.edu/
00:00 Intro
01:34 How Rubins data pipeline works
04:41 Data brokers
08:45 Who can access the data
10:02 How discoveries will work
15:55 How can one tap in the data
21:46 Final thoughts
π° GUIDE TO SPACE NEWSLETTER
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