Waves on a flat torus (triangular lattice) @davidamadore
Waves on a flat torus (triangular lattice)  @davidamadore
Uploaded June 2018 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
An animation of a solution of the wave equation (that is, (∂²/∂t²−c²Δ)φ=0 where Δ is the Laplacian) on the flat torus ℝ²/L where L is an equilateral triangular lattice. Equivalently, this is the wave equation on the plane applied to an L-periodic function. The initial condition is a fairly peaked Gaussian.

Values are expressed by a color gradient: black is zero, white is positive (red even more so) and blue is negative.

A JavaScript equivalent of the same computation (lower quality, but can last forever) is available at bjacob.github.io/webgl_waves/torus_waves.html (thanks to Benoit Jacob).
Waves on a flat torus (triangular lattice)Orbiting a Kerr black hole (the last stable direct orbit)Voronoi cells of the A8 lattice: 3D cross section with Coexter planeDeforming a rotation by 2 full turns to a trivial one (sequential version)Mandelbrot set zoom video with varied shapesCubic surface: deformation of three A2 singularities (with real planes) to a smooth surfaceNavigating in a 120-cell (side view)Navigating in a 600-cell (side view)Fourier transform of an icosahedron (Coxeter plane view)Fourier transform of a dodecahedronCubic surface: deformation of a reducible surface to an A5 singularityEvolution of Julia sets as parameter moves into a sub-bulb in the Mandelbrot set
David Madore |

Waves on a flat torus (triangular lattice)

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